Imicengezi yemifula ibhekwa njengensimu lapho kutholakala khona umfula omkhulu nemifula yawo. Uhlelo lwamanzi luhluke kakhulu futhi luyingqayizivele, okukuvumela ukuthi udale amaphethini ahlukile ebusweni beplanethi yethu. Njengomphumela wokuchithwa kwemifudlana emincane, kwakhiwa imifula emincane, amanzi ayo aqonde ngakwiziteshi ezinkulu futhi ahlangane nawo, akhe imifula emikhulu, izilwandle nezilwandle. Imicengezi yoMfula yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- okufana nesihlahla;
- iwindi;
- uphaphe;
- ukufana;
- njalo ngonyaka
- osabalalayo.
Ngamunye wabo unezici zawo, esizokwazi kamuva.
Uhlobo lwesihlahla segatsha
Esokuqala uhlobo lwesihlahla segatsha; ivame ukutholakala kuma-granite noma ama-basalt massifs nasezintabeni. Ngokubukeka, ichibi elinjalo lifana nesihlahla esinomboko ohambelana nesiteshi esikhulu, namagatsha e-tributary (ngalinye linezinkokhelo zalo, futhi lawo anezawo, njalonjalo cishe kuze kube sekupheleni). Imifula yalolu hlobo ingaba mincane futhi mikhulu, njengohlelo lwe-Rhine.
Uhlobo lwe-lattice
Lapho izintaba zingqubuzana zodwa, zakha amafolda amade, imifula ingagudla ngokufana, njengegridi. Ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, iMekong neYangtze zigeleza ezigodini ezihlukaniswe eduze izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, ngaphandle kokuxhuma noma yikuphi, futhi ekugcineni zigobhozela olwandle oluhlukile, amakhulu amaningi amakhilomitha komunye nomunye.
Uhlobo lweCirrus
Lolu hlobo lomfula lwakhiwa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwemifudlana emfuleni omkhulu (oyinhloko). Ziza ngokulingana kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili. Le nqubo ingenziwa nge-engeli ebukhali noma efanele. Uhlobo lwe-cirrus lwesigodi semifula lungatholakala ezigodini ezinde zezigodi ezigoqiwe. Kwezinye izindawo, lolu hlobo lungakhiwa kabili.
Uhlobo olufanayo
Isici semicengezi enjalo ukugeleza okufanayo kwemifula. Amanzi angahamba aye kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye uhlangothi. Njengomthetho, kuqhamuka imicengezi ehambisanayo ezindaweni ezigoqiwe nezithambekele ezikhishwe ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Zitholakala futhi ezindaweni lapho amatshe anamandla ahlukahlukene egxila khona.
Amabheshi amise okwezindandatho (abizwa nangokuthi imfologo yothuthu) akhiwa ezakhiweni ezakhiwe ngosawoti.
Uhlobo osabalalayo
Uhlobo olulandelayo luyi-radial; imifula yalolu hlobo yehla ngemithambeka isuka endaweni ephakeme emaphakathi njengezipele zesondo. Imifula yase-Afrika ye-Biye Plateau e-Angola iyisibonelo esikhulu salolu hlobo lomfula.
Imifula inamandla amakhulu, awahlali esiteshini esisodwa isikhathi eside. Azulazula ebusweni bomhlaba ngakho-ke angahlasela enye indawo futhi "abanjwe" ngomunye umfula.
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho omunye umfula odlangile, ukhukhula ibhange, ungena esiteshini somunye futhi ufaka amanzi awo ngokwawo. Isibonelo esihle salokhu uMfula iDelaware (ugu olusempumalanga ye-United States), okwathi isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuhlehla kwezinguzunga zeqhwa saphumelela ekuthatheni amanzi emifula eminingana ebalulekile.
Kusuka emithonjeni yabo, le mifula yayijwayele ukugijimela olwandle iyodwa, kodwa-ke yathathwa nguMfula iDelaware futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yaba yimithombo yayo. Izindawo zabo ezisezansi "ezinqunyiwe" ziqhubeka nokuphila kwemifula ezimele, kepha balahlekelwe amandla abo wangaphambili.
Izindishi zemifula nazo zihlukaniswe ngamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi naphakathi. Uhlobo lokuqala lubandakanya imifula egelezela olwandle noma olwandle. Amanzi angapheli ahlobene neze ne-World Ocean - agelezela emizimbeni yamanzi.
Imicengezi yoMfula ingaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komhlaba. I-Surface iqoqa umswakama namanzi phansi, ngaphansi komhlaba - zondla emithonjeni etholakala ngaphansi komhlaba. Akekho ongakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile umngcele noma ubukhulu bomcengezi ongaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke yonke imininingwane enikezwa ngama-hydrologists iyakhombisa.
Izici eziyinhloko zomcengezi womfula, okuyilezi: ukwakheka, ubukhulu, isimo, zithonywe yizinto ezinjengokusizakala, ikhava yohlaza, ukuma kwendawo kohlelo lomfula, ukwakheka kwendawo, njll.
Ukufundwa kohlobo lwesigodi semifula kuwusizo olukhulu ekunqumeni ukwakheka kwendawo kwezindawo. Kuyasiza ukufunda ngezinkomba zokugoqa, ulayini wephutha, amasistimu wokwephuka emadwaleni nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile. Indawo ngayinye inohlobo lwayo olukhethekile lomcengezi wemifula.
