Pika - isilwane, ebukekayo kakhulu, ihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba zase-Asia. Ekuboneni kuqala ku isithombe kungabonakala sengathi phambi kwakho kunensimu enkulu yegundane noma i-hamster.
Noma kunjalo, izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu pika amagundane kukhona hares kanye onogwaja. Kwakunezizihlobo zabo ezinamalebe amade lapho ama-pikas alethwa eqenjini elihlukile - ama-lagomorphs.
Uhlobo lwepikas uqobo luhlukaniswe lwaba ama-subgenera amathathu futhi lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amathathu. Ake siqaphele okuvame kakhulu. Ama-pikas asenyakatho: Altai, IsiMongolia, iKhentei, enyakatho; Ama-pikas ama-steppes wobuciko: iDaurian, iTibetan, i-steppe; intaba pikas: ilya, Chinese, okhalweni olukhulu, i-pika ebomvu.
Kungani lezi zilwane ezinhle zibizwa ngegama? "Iselelesi" kwakuyimpempe ebabazekayo ekhishwa yipikas ngenkathi ikoloni laziswa ngengozi ezayo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu alesi sivumelwano kwenzeka futhi ngosizo lwemisindo emifushane yokushaya amakhwela.
Esithombeni, i-pika esenyakatho
Izici zesici se-pika
Ngaphandle pika igundane kuncane, kunokufana nabamele abajwayelekile bezinhlobo ze-lagomorphic. Uma umsila omncane kuphela, cishe ungabonakali kusuka ngaphandle. Imilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva mifushane futhi ayihlukani ngosayizi njengasezimbeleni. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, imvamisa azibe ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhanda lesilwane.
Lokhu akunakushiwo ngosayizi omangalisayo wezintshebe ze-pika, ezisiza ukuthi ikwazi ukuzulazula endaweni nokuzwa ushintsho esimweni sezulu. Usayizi womzimba mkhulu kunamagundane asensimini - isilinganiso esingu-15-20 cm.
Amapayipi eminwe ikakhulukazi ahamba-ze, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo lapho zimbozwe khona ngezinwele ezinwele. Umbala wejazi loboya uguqula umbala kuye ngesizini: ehlobo ubunsundu noma ubomvu ngesihlabathi, ebusika ubumbene.
Esithombeni kukhona ipika ebomvu
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba se-pika sincane futhi asibukeki, ngaphandle kwenzalo yezimboni.
Indawo yokuhlala iPika
Ngokuyinhloko ama-pikas bukhoma emathafeni asezintabeni, njengoba iningi lezinto eziphilayo likhetha indawo enamadwala. Izintaba ze-Asia Ephakathi naphakathi, izindawo ezinamadwala eChina, India nase-Afghanistan seziyindawo efanelekile yokuhlala amapikha.
Kunamakholoni ezilwane eMpumalanga Ekude nakwezinye izindawo zaseSiberia. EYurophu, kunzima kakhulu ukubona ipika, ngaphandle kwamaphethelo asempumalanga, abekhethwe uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwamagundane. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zithole ikhaya eNyakatho Melika. Njengoba kungabonakala ngokuma kwendawo yokuhlala ama-pikas, izilwane zikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Esithombeni Ili pika
Ama-pikas asezintabeni zimba izimbobo eziningi, ezifana nama-labyrinths ayinkimbinkimbi. Izindawo zokuhlala ezinjalo zingaba neminyango eminingi futhi zifinyelele kumamitha ayishumi ubude. Umsele uvame ukuba nawo womabili amakhekhe wokugcina ukudla kanye "nezidleke" ezithokomele zokukhulisa inzalo.
Lezo zinhlobo zama-pika ezihleli ezindaweni ezinezintaba zizizwa zizinhle, zihlela izindawo zokukhosela emifantwini yamadwala, ngaphansi kwezinsika zamatshe noma phakathi kobulembu bezimpande zezihlahla nezihlahlana ezinkulu.
Ezindaweni ezimbozwe yiqhwa, ama-pikas akha ikhaya lawo ngqo eqhweni, ngobuciko bemba umgodi omise okwibhola, futhi amboze ngokucophelela ikhaya elisha ngotshani obomile nezimpande zezitshalo ezincane.
Esithombeni i-steppe pika
Pika ukudla nendlela yokuphila
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-pika zihlala emakoloni. Inani lezindawo zokuhlala lisukela emakhulwini kuya ezinkulungwaneni zabantu, kuya ngohlobo lwendawo nendawo yokuhlala. Njengoba zingesona isilwane esincelisayo, ama-pika adla zonke izimila zasemhlabeni ezingazithola lapho zihlala khona.
Lezi iziqu eziluhlaza zezimbali namakhambi ahlukahlukene, imbewu yezitshalo, amajikijolo. Ngenjabulo yama-pikas adla amakhowe e-cap, ubulembu nobulembu. Isikhathi sezulu esingesihle sibekezeleleka kalula emakhaya abo, besondla ngotshani, baqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi bomiswa ezinsukwini ezinelanga. Ukwenza utshani kuyisiko elikhethekile isilwane esincane esivame ukubizwa ngaso ukusebenza kanzima pika.
Izimo zokuphila zala magundane zibeka imithetho yazo: ezindaweni zokuhlala ama-pikas, kunezinsuku ezibandayo kakhulu ngonyaka kunezilanga. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokulungiselela amasheya iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma komhlaba wezitshalo, futhi iphela kuphela phakathi nasekwindla.
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho izilwane ezifihliwe ngokuvamile zingabonakala futhi zizwakale. Ngamazinyo ayo abukhali, i-pika igawula izingongolo zezitshalo bese izendlala ngongqimba oluncane ematsheni ashisayo, ixuba ngokucophelela utshani obomile ukuze kuvinjelwe inqubo yokubola, futhi lokhu kusiza nokonga notshani ekumeni.
Ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni, imimoya ivame ukukhuphuka, kepha lokhu akusesabisi isilwane esicabangayo. Ama-pikas alungisa amatshe amancane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abese emboza ngawo utshani obubekiwe. Utshani obuqediwe busongwe ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile - emifantwini yamadwala aqhephukayo noma ezindlini zokugcina izitolo ezivikelwe, ezivikelekile emoyeni nasemvuleni.
Konke okungalingani emigodini kufakwa izitaki ezincane ezifana nezithungu zangempela zotshani. Ngenxa yalesi sici, abantu bavame ukubiza i-pika nge-senostavka. Kukumagquma amaningi otshani obomile lapho ungabala khona kalula indawo yokuhlala pikas.
Okuvamile iphiramidi lefula alidluli amasentimitha ambalwa ukuphakama, kepha kunemininingwane ethembekile yokuthi i-alpine pika ingabeka "izitaki" kuze kufike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama futhi isisindo esingaphezu kwama-20 kg.
Kuyamangalisa, ngoba isisindo somzimba sesilwane ngokwaso sidlula ama-gramu angama-300. Hhayi-ke, izindunduma ezinjalo ezinamakha ezinye izilwane, ezingakuthandi ukusebenzisa izithelo zomsebenzi wabanye abantu, zingakhangi kanjani?
Kepha ama-pikas ngabe abengewona ama-pika ukube abengalungisanga i-hay ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo - kokubili ukudla kanye nokuvikela ikhaya. Ezinye izinhlobo zasenyakatho zama-pikas azimisi utshani, kepha zibubeka busha ezindaweni zokukhosela.
Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, ama-pikas akha izitaki ngqo osebeni lwamachibi nemifula, noma ezindaweni zokugcina izinkuni. Kuvamile ukuthi izilwane zintshontshele omunye utshani obulungisiwe. Izinhlobo eziningi azilali ebusika.
Esithombeni, i-alpine pika
Ukulethwa okwanele kokudla okulungiselelwe kukuvumela ukuthi uphile kalula ebusika obubandayo, ngaphandle kokuphuma uyofuna ukudla. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, ama-pica ageza ngelanga, agxila ematsheni ashisayo futhi ashaye ikhwela ngenjabulo "nabahlali".
Kepha, ngokungafani nezimbila nabanye amagundane, pika ayikaze ime ngezinyawo zayo zangemuva, futhi ayithathi ukuma komzimba oqondile. Uma kunengozi, isilwane sikhipha umlozi wokubhoboza, bese leli koloni liba yiqhwa. Usongo olukhulu kuma-pikas luvela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Abasukelayo abayingozi kakhulu ngama-ermine. Ngenxa yobuncane bayo nokuguquguquka komzimba, iyakwazi ukungena ngisho nasemigodini. Ungakhathazeki ngokugcwalisa isisu sakho ngezilwane nebhere elazulazula ngephutha laya endaweni yokuhlala ama-pikas. Usayizi wesibalo sabantu uthonywe nayizifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezahlukahlukene, ezingajwayelekile phakathi kwamagundane.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana nokuzalaniswa kwepika
Ama-pikas - izilwane ezincelisayo izilwane. Iningi lezilwane zihlala emaqenjini emindeni, lapho kunokwabiwa okucacile kwemithwalo yemfanelo yokuqoqa utshani nokuvikela ukuhlala engozini.
Esithombeni, baby pika
Izinhlobo ze-pika yaseNyakatho zizala kanye ngonyaka, kuyilapho ezakwabo zingasungula inzalo kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa. Izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa zizala izingane ezinqunu.
Kulezo zinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, inzalo ivame ukumbozwa ngoboya obuncane boboya. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani nezimbila zithutha, ama-piki ayizidalwa ezizodwa
