Cyanea (ICyanea capillata) yizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zasolwandle ze-jellyfish ezitholakala emhlabeni. UCyanea uyingxenye yomunye wemindeni ye- "jellyfish yangempela". Ukubukeka kwakhe kuyahlaba umxhwele futhi kubukeka kuyinto engekho ngokoqobo. Abadobi, empeleni, bacabanga ngendlela ehlukile lapho amanetha abo evinjwe yile jellyfish ehlobo, nalapho kufanele bazivikele ngokugqoka amagiya akhethekile nezibuko zesithuthuthu ukuvikela izinkophe zamehlo abo ezintanjeni ze-cyanea. Futhi bathini abahlambi uma behlangana nenqwaba ye-gelatinous ngenkathi bebhukuda bese bebona umuzwa ovuthayo esikhunjeni sabo? Futhi-ke lezi yizinto eziphilayo esabelana ngazo ngendawo yokuhlala futhi, yize zikhona, zinezinto ezingalindelekile ngokuphelele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cyanea
I-Arctic cyanea ibalwa ngokufanele phakathi kwe-jellyfish, njengommeleli omkhulu kakhulu wohlobo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-cyanea enoboya noma umhlwenga wengonyama. Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo weCnidaria mdala kakhulu. I-Jellyfish sekuneminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-500. AmaCyanean angabomndeni wakwaCnidarian (Cnidaria), onezinhlobo ezifika ku-9000 sezizonke. Iqembu lasekuqaleni kakhulu lakhiwe yi-Scyphozoa jellyfish, enamalungu angaba ngu-250.
Ividiyo: ICyanea
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-cyanea taxonomy ayihambisani ngokuphelele. Abanye ososayensi bezilwane basikisela ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezingaphakathi kohlobo kufanele ziphathwe njengoyedwa.
AmaCyanos ahumusha kusuka esiLatin - okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-capillus - izinwele. UCyanea ungummeleli we-scyphoid jellyfish engeka-oda yama-discomedusas. Ngaphezu kwe-arctic cyanea, kuneminye i-taxa emibili ehlukene, okungenani engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNyakatho ye-Atlantic, ne-jellyfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanea lamarckii) ehlukile ngombala (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, hhayi obomvu) nosayizi omncane (ubukhulu obungu-10-20 cm, kuyaqabukela ku-35 cm) ...
Abantu abasentshonalanga yePacific ezungeze iJapan kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngeJapan Cyanea (Cyanea nozakii). Ngo-2015, abacwaningi baseRussia bamemezela ukuthi kungenzeka ubudlelwane bezinhlobo, iCyanea tzetlinii, etholakala oLwandle Olumhlophe, kodwa lokhu akukaze kubonwe ngeminye imininingwane efana neWoRMS noma i-ITIS.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-cyane
I-Jellyfish ingamanzi angama-94% futhi i-radially symmetrical. Zinezingqimba ezimbili zendwangu. I-jellyfish enkulu inensimbi eyindilinga eneziphetho ezincanyana. Insimbi ye-cyanea inama-lobes ayisishiyagalombili, ngalinye liqukethe amatende angama-70 kuye kwangama-150, ahlelwe ngemigqa emine echazwe kahle. Ngonqenqemeni lwensimbi kunesitho sokulinganisela entanjeni ngayinye kweziyisishiyagalombili eziphakathi kwama-lobes - izindophi, ezisiza i-jellyfish ukuzulazula. Kusuka emlonyeni ophakathi welula ububanzi, izingalo zomlomo eziphuma ngaphandle ezinamaseli amaningi avuthayo. Eduze komlomo wakhe, inani eliphelele lama-tentacles lenyuka laya cishe ku-1200.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu ze-cyane umbala wayo. Ukuthambekela kokwakha amasheya nakho akujwayelekile. Ama-nematocysts asebenza ngokweqile e-jellyfish ayimpawu zawo. Ngisho nesilwane esifile noma itende eliqhekekile lingaluma.
Amanye ama-lobes aqukethe izitho zomqondo, kufaka phakathi imigodi yephunga, izitho zebhalansi, nama-light light elula. Insimbi yayo ivamise ukuba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-80 ububanzi, kanti abanye abantu bakhula baze bafike kubude obungu-180 cm. Izingalo zomlomo zibubende ezinamatende abomvu noma aphuzi. Insimbi ingaba pinki ngokubomvu kwegolide noma onsomi onsundu. I-cyanea ayinazo izintambo ezinobuthi onqenqemeni lwensimbi, kodwa inamaqembu ayisishiyagalombili ama-tentacles ayi-150 ezansi kwesambulela sayo. Lezi zinguquko ziqukethe ama-nematocysts asebenza kahle kakhulu, njengobuso obuphezulu be-jellyfish.
Umzimba we-cyanea uqukethe izingqimba ezimbili zamaseli aphezulu, i-epidermis yangaphandle ne-gastrodermis yangaphakathi. Phakathi kwabo kulele ungqimba osekelayo ongaqukethe amaseli, i-mesogloe. Isisu ikakhulu siqukethe umgodi. Ithola ukuqhubeka kwayo ohlelweni olubanzi lweziteshi. Kunembobo eyodwa kuphela ngaphandle, nayo esebenza njengomlomo nendunu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanethiwekhi amahle we-neural ayaziwa, kepha azikho izitho zangempela.
Uhlala kuphi uCyananea?
Isithombe: Medusa cyanea
Ububanzi be-cyanea bunqunyelwe emanzini abandayo, abizayo e-Arctic, North Atlantic naseNyakatho Pacific Ocean. Le jellyfish ijwayelekile e-English Channel, e-Irish Sea, eNyakatho Sea nasemanzini asentshonalanga yeScandinavia eningizimu yeKattegat ne-Øresund. Ingakhukhuleka futhi iye engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandle iBaltic (lapho ingakwazi ukuzala khona ngenxa kasawoti omncane). I-jellyfish efanayo - engaba ngezinhlobo ezifanayo - yaziwa ngokuhlala ezilwandle eziseduze nase-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke esirekhodiwe, esatholakala ngo-1870 osebeni lwaseMassachusetts Bay, sasinensimbi enobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-2.3 kanye namatende angama-37 ubude.
I-Cyanean jellyfish ibonwe isikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwe-42 ° N ezindaweni ezinkulu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States. Zitholakala endaweni ye-pelagic yolwandle njenge-jellyfish, futhi njengama-polyps endaweni ye-benthic. Asikho nesisodwa isibonelo esitholakele esikwazi ukusinda emanzini amasha noma emifuleni njengoba kudinga usawoti ophakeme wolwandle oluvulekile. ICyanea nayo ayimili emanzini afudumele, futhi uma izithola isesimweni sezulu esibi, ubukhulu bayo abudluli isigamu semitha ububanzi.
Izindwangu ezinde, ezincanyana ezivela endaweni engezansi yensimbi zibonakala njengezinamathele kakhulu. Futhi banamaseli avuthayo. Ama-tentacles ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu angadlulela kuma-30 m noma ngaphezulu, ngesifanekiso esaziwa kunazo zonke, esigezwe ngasogwini ngo-1870, sinobude obungamamitha angu-37 ubude. Umhlaba.
Yini edliwa yi-cyanea?
Isithombe: Izinwele ze-cyanea
UCyanea onezinwele uyisilwane esingenasutha futhi esiphumelelayo. Usebenzisa inani elikhulu lamatende akhe ukubamba inyamazane. Lapho ukudla sekubanjiwe, i-cyanea isebenzisa amatende ukuletha inyamazane emlonyeni wayo. Ukudla kugaywa ngama-enzyme bese kusatshalaliswa ngohlelo lwesiteshi olunamagatsha emzimbeni. Amakhemikhali asatshalaliswa ngeziteshi ezisabalalayo. Lezi ziteshi ze-radial zinikeza i-jellyfish izakhamzimba ezanele ukuba ihambe futhi izingele.
Izilwane zihlala emihlanjini emincane futhi zondla cishe kuphela ku-zooplankton. Zibamba inyamazane ngokusabalalisa njengesikrini bese zicwila phansi kancane. Yile ndlela izinkalankala ezingena ngayo ematendeni azo.
Isisulu esiyinhloko se-cyanea yilesi:
- izinto zeplanktonic;
- imfanzi;
- izinkalankala ezincane;
- enye i-jellyfish encane;
- kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi encane.
UCyanea ubamba inyamazane yakhe, acwilise kancane, asakaze izintambo esiyingini, akhe uhlobo lwenetha lokubamba. Isisulu singena "enetheni" futhi sishaqiswe ama-nematocyst, isilwane esijova esiswini saso. Isidalwa esivelele izilwane eziningi zasolwandle ezesabayo. Esinye sezitsha ezithandwa kakhulu yi-cyanea yi-A urelia aurita. Esinye isidalwa esibaluleke kakhulu esisebenzisa i-cyane yi-ctenophora (Ctenophora).
Amakhekhe adonsa ukunaka ngoba abhubhisa ama-zooplankton emiphakathini yendawo. Lokhu kunemiphumela engemihle esimeni semvelo sisonke. Okunye ukudla okuthakazelisayo kwe-cyanea yi-Bristle-jaws. Laba badubuli basolwandle bayizilwane ezinekhono ngendlela yabo. Isisulu esilandelayo se-jellyfish nguSarsia - uhlobo lweHydrozoa emndenini waseCorynidae. Le jellyfish encane iwukudla okuhle kwe-cyanea enkulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Arctic Cyanea
Ukubuka ama-cyani aphilayo emanzini kungaba buhlungu, njengoba bedonsa isitimela esingabonakali esingabonakali samamitha angaba ngu-3 emanzini. I-jellyfish yezinwele yizinhlambi ezijwayelekile ezingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha amaningana ngehora futhi zingahamba amabanga amade zisebenzisa imisinga yolwandle. Baziwa ngokwakha izikole ezinde ezingamakhilomitha ezingabonakala ngasogwini lwaseNorway naseNorth Sea.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: ICyanea ingaba yingozi kubantu ababhukudi ngokuthinta izintambo zayo, kepha ayizingeli bantu.
ICyanei ihlala isondele kakhulu ebusweni, ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-20. Ukuhamba kwawo kancane kancane kuwadudulela phambili, ngakho-ke ancike emisakazweni yolwandle ukuze ibasize bahambe amabanga amade. I-Jellyfish ivame ukutholakala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, lapho isikhule yaba ngosayizi omkhulu futhi amagagasi asogwini aqala ukubashayela ogwini. Ezindaweni ezinenqwaba yezakhamzimba, i-jellyfish isiza ukuhlanza amanzi.
Amunca amandla ikakhulukazi wokunyakaza nokuzala, njengoba nawo uqobo enamanzi amaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, bashiya cishe bengekho into yokubola. AmaCyanean aphila iminyaka emi-3 kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi umjikelezo wempilo yawo uyizinyanga ezi-6 kuye kwezi-9, bese efa ngemuva kokuzala. Isizukulwane sama-polyps siphila isikhathi eside. Bangakhiqiza i-jellyfish kaningana futhi bafinyelele eminyakeni yobudala eminingana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Giant Cyanea
Njengomzala wesambulela se-jellyfish, i-cyanea enoboya ihlakaniphile ngokuzala, i-polyp encane elala ubusika olwandle. Okuvelele kwe-jellyfish enoboya ukuthi i-polyp yabo isitshalo esingapheli ngakho-ke ingaphindaphinda ukukhiqiza i-jellyfish encane. Njengamanye ama-jellyfish, i-cyanea iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi esiteji se-jellyfish kanye nokuzala kwe-asexual esigabeni se-polyp.
Banezigaba ezine ezihlukile empilweni yabo yaminyaka yonke:
- isigaba sezibungu;
- polyp esiteji;
- ama-ether esiteji;
- isigaba se-jellyfish.
Amaqanda nesidoda kwakhiwa njengezikhwama ekuqageleni kodonga lwesisu. Amaseli wegciwane adluliselwa emlonyeni ukuze athole ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle. Endabeni ye-cyanea, amaqanda agcinwa emlonyeni womlomo kuze kube yilapho izibungu ze-planula zikhula. Izibungu ze-planula bese zihlala ku-substrate bese ziphenduka zibe ama-polyps. Ngokuhlukaniswa ngakunye, kwakheka idiski elincane, kuthi lapho kwakhiwa amadiski amaningana, okuphezulu kakhulu kunqamuke bese kuntanta njenge-ether. I-Ether iguqula ibe yindlela eyaziwayo ye-jellyfish.
I-jellyfish yesifazane ibeka amaqanda avundisiwe etendeni layo, lapho amaqanda akhula abe yizibungu. Lapho isibungu sesikhule ngokwanele, insikazi isibeka endaweni eqinile, lapho ngokushesha isibungu sikhula sibe ama-polyps. Ama-polyps aqala ukuzala kabusha ngokwe-asexually, enza izitaki zezidalwa ezincane ezibizwa ngama-ether. I-ephyrae ngayinye iqhume izitaki lapho ekugcineni ikhula ibe yisigaba se-jellyfish bese iba yi-jellyfish yabantu abadala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-cyanea
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani i-cyanea
I-jellyfish uqobo inezitha ezimbalwa. Njengezinhlobo ezikhetha amanzi abandayo, lezi jellyfish azikwazi ukubhekana namanzi afudumele. Abantu baseCyanean izidalwa ze-pelagic ezimpilweni zabo eziningi, kepha bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingashoni, ezivikelekile ngasekupheleni konyaka. Olwandle oluvulekile, i-cyanea iba yizindawo ezintantayo zezinhlobo ezithile ezifana nezimfanzi, i-stromateic, i-ray, i-zaprora nezinye izinhlobo, ibanikeze umthombo wokudla onokwethenjelwa futhi babe yisivikelo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Abantu baseCyanean baba yizilwane ezidla ezinye:
- izinyoni zasolwandle;
- izinhlanzi ezinkudlwana ezifana ne-sea sunfish;
- ezinye izinhlobo ze-jellyfish;
- izimfudu zasolwandle.
Ufudu lwe-leatherback ludla cishe kuphela i-cyanea ngamanani amakhulu ngenkathi yasehlobo ezungeze i-Eastern Canada. Ukuze aphile, udla i-cyanide ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba athole isikhathi sokukhula. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani lezimfudu ze-leatherback lincane kakhulu, akukho zinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela ezidinga ukuthathwa ukunciphisa amathuba okuthi i-cyanea inyamalale ngenxa yezinombolo zayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza omncane ojwayelekile, iHyperia galba, uba "yisivakashi" esijwayelekile se-jellyfish. Ayisebenzisi i-cyania kuphela "njengesithwali", kepha ibuye idle nokudla okugxilwe yi "host" emgodini. Okungaholela endlaleni ye-jellyfish nokufa okuqhubekayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Medusa cyanea
Abantu baseCyanea abakakahlolwa ngokuphelele yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, kepha namuhla akukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lukhona kunoma iyiphi ingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsongo zabantu, kufaka phakathi ukuchitheka kukawoyela kanye nemfucumfucu yolwandle, kungabulala lezi zidalwa.
Lapho uthintana nomzimba womuntu, kungadala ubuhlungu besikhashana nokubomvu okwenziwe endaweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile nakubantu abaphilile, ukulunywa kwabo akubulali, kepha ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-tentacles ngemuva kokuthintana, kunconywa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuzwa kokuqala kunamandla kunokuba kubuhlungu, futhi kufana nokubhukuda emanzini afudumele namanzi amancane. Ezinye izinhlungu ezincane zizolandela maduzane.
Imvamisa ayikho ingozi yangempela kubantu (ngaphandle kwabantu abanezifo ezithile zomzimba). Kepha ezimweni lapho umuntu elunywe khona emzimbeni wonke, hhayi kuphela ama-tentacles amade kakhulu, kepha futhi yi-jellyfish ephelele (kufaka phakathi amatende angaphakathi, abalelwa ku-1200), kunconywa usizo lwezokwelapha. Emanzini ajulile, ukulunywa okuqinile kungadala ukwethuka, kulandele ukuminza.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngosuku lukaJulayi ngonyaka ka-2010, babalelwa ku-150 abathandi basolwandle abatinyelwa izinsalela ze-cyanea, ezahlakazeka zaba izingcezu ezingenakubalwa eWallis Sands State Beach e-United States. Ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sehlakalo sibangelwe yisimo esisodwa.
Cyanea ithiyori ingagcina ama-cnidocyte ephelele ngokuphelele kuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ama-cnidocyte akwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngemuva kokushona kwe-jellyfish, kepha ngezinga elincishisiwe lokukhipha. Ubuthi babo buyisithiyo esinamandla sezilwane ezizingelayo. Kungadala amabhamuza abuhlungu, athatha isikhathi eside nokucasuka okukhulu kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajaqamba, izinkinga zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo zingenzeka nakubantu abangenzeka kalula.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.01.2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07.10.2019 ngo-0: 58
