Iphengwini elincane incane kunawo wonke amaphengwini asemhlabeni. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yezincwadi, zitholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene - i-penguin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-penguin - i-elf, i-penguin enhle kakhulu. Abantu bendawo babheka isilwane njengophawu lwaso, futhi basikhonze. Ososayensi nabacwaningi isikhathi eside babalandela kakhulu laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane, bafunda indlela yabo yokuphila nemikhuba. Izazi ze-Zoologists zifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi zibonakala ngamandla angajwayelekile nokuhamba, okungewona amaphengwini amaningi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Penguin Encane
I-penguin encane imele umbuso wezilwane, njenge-chordates, isigaba sezinyoni, i-oda penguin-like, umndeni wama-penguin, uhlobo nezinhlobo zamaphengwini amancane.
Izwe lomlando lamaphengwini anamuhla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengawo wonke umuntu, yizwe eliseningizimu. Abavubukuli bakwazi ukuthola izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bama-penguin anamuhla endaweni yaseNew Zealand yanamuhla, eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika naseziQhingini zaseGalapogos.
Ividiyo: IPhengwini elincane
Okutholwe endulo kakhulu kukhombisa ukuthi laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane babekhona emhlabeni ngesikhathi se-Eocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-45-43 edlule. Okhokho basendulo bezinyoni zanamuhla babenosayizi omkhulu kakhulu womzimba. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke wachazwa ngusosayensi wezilwane, umcwaningi uNorsheld, okwathiwa i-penguin yaqanjwa ngaye. Ukuphakama kwakhe kwakungaphezulu kancane kunokuphakama komuntu, futhi isisindo somzimba wakhe sasilingana nama-120 kilogram. Ososayensi abashiyi ngaphandle ukuthi okhokho bokuqala, bakudala bamaphengwini banamuhla babekhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu edlule.
Ama-penguin, ayekhona amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, cishe awazange ahluke ngokubukeka kubantu banamuhla. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi okhokho basendulo bama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka babekwazi ukundiza. Izakhamuzi zanamuhla zenkabazwe eseningizimu zinokufana okuningi nge-tubenose. Ngemuva kwezifundo eziningi, ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi babenokhokho abafanayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Penguin encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Iphengwini elincane linokubukeka okucacile nokukhumbulekayo. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ivezwe ngokungabalulekanga. Abesilisa bakhudlwana kunabesifazane. Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa singu-1.3-1.5 kilograms. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ngamasentimitha angama-35. Umzimba upendwe ngemibala eminingana ngasikhathi sinye.
Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda nendawo engemuva zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingaphezulu lekhanda, intamo nesisu kumhlophe. Izingaphambili zivele zaba ngamaphiko. Isilinganiso sobude bezitho ezingaphezulu singama-millimitha ayi-111-117. Zimnyama. Ngosizo lwalezi zinhlaka lapho amaphengwini akwazi ukuhlala emanzini isikhathi eside futhi abhukude ngokushesha. Endaweni yama-auricles, umzimba upendwe ngombala omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama.
Amaphengwini anekhanda elincane eliyindilinga. Inomlomo olengisiwe ongekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5 ubude futhi amancane, amehlo ayindilinga. Iris yezinyoni i-hazel enemibala noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ompunga. Uqhwaku lunsundu onsundu, i-chestnut ngombala. Izitho ezingezansi zinombala obomvana ngaphezulu, izinzwane ezintathu. Iminwe inezinzipho eziwugqinsi, ezicijile, ezinde. Kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani zemikhawulo engezansi, ezisiza izinyoni ukubhukuda. Amathe emikhawulweni engezansi anombala omnyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengoba abantu bekhula, umlomo wabo uba mnyama nombala wezimpaphe ezisendaweni engemuva.
Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezinyoni ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-6-7. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa, ngokudla okwanele nokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi sokuphila singaphindeka kathathu. Amaphengwini amancane, njengabanye abameleli bezinhlobo, anezimpaphe eziminyene kakhulu. Avikelekile emakhazeni ngoqweqwe lwamafutha kanye namafutha angaphansi. Ama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengawo wonke amalungu alo mndeni, anomsila omncane oyindilinga.
Uhlalaphi uphengwini omncane?
Isithombe: iphengwini omncane emvelweni
Abantu balezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo basatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe eliseningizimu.
Izifunda ezindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwamaphengwini amancane:
- I-South America;
- EChile;
- Australia;
- ITasmania;
- E-New Zealand;
- IPhilippines.
Indawo yokuhlala eyintandokazi yezinyoni yinsimu yamabhishi, lapho kulula khona ukuthola ukudla kwawo nokuzingela ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Namuhla, imininingwane emayelana nezinyoni ezintsha iyaqhubeka nokuvela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba oseningizimu. Kwezinye izimo, ofakazi bokuzibonela bayaqaphela ukuthi amaphengwini ahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Okudingekayo ukuze kuhlalwe ubukhona besiziba. Izinyoni zihlala emhlabathini, kodwa zibhukuda kahle futhi zithole ukudla kuphela emanzini.
Ama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala kakhulu. Zivame ukuhlela izidleke lapho zizalela khona amatshwele. Bahlomisa izidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki, ezifihlekile - imingxuma, izimbobo, imihume, ezihlahleni eziminyene zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe. Iningi labantu lihlala ogwini olunamadwala, ema-savanna, ezihlahleni ezinamahlathi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lama-penguin abo asebenzisa isikhathi sabo emanzini. Zibuyela ezidlekeni zazo kusihlwa kuphela, ukuze zingavezi indawo ezikuyo ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokudla okunganele, zingathuthela kwezinye izifunda, zihambe ngomkhumbi kude kakhulu nasogwini.
Manje uyazi lapho amaphengwini amancane aluhlaza ahlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi badlani.
Idlani iphengwini encane?
Isithombe: Amaphengwini amancane
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwama-penguin amancane impilo yasolwandle, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emanzini. Ngokuqala kosuku olusha, zingena emanzini ziyofuna ukudla kwazo bese zibuya kusihlwa kuphela.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla kwamaphengwini amancane:
- inhlanzi encane;
- izimbaza;
- ama-crustaceans;
- ama-anchovies;
- octopus;
- ama-oysters;
- iplankton;
- isardadi.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, ama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angacwila ekujuleni okungaba amamitha amabili. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokucwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe amasekhondi angamashumi amabili. Ukuqoshwa kwerekhodi kwalolu hlobo kungamamitha angama-35, kanti ubude besikhathi ngaphansi kwamanzi yimizuzwana engama-50.
Izilwane zinamehlo amahle, okusebenza njengendawo yokukhomba embusweni ongaphansi kwamanzi. Umzimba ohlanjululwe, ubukhona bamaphiko nolwelwesi emilenzeni yangemuva kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-5-6 km / h ukuphishekela inyamazane.
Ukuzingelwa kwamaqembu kujwayelekile ezinyonini. Imvamisa lapho kusa ungababona bengena emanzini ngamaqembu amakhulu bese bebuya bendawonye. Emanzini, abantu abaningana bangavele bahlasele isikole sezinhlanzi zokubhukuda bese bebamba wonke umuntu abakwaziyo. Uma inhlanzi noma i-shellfish incane kakhulu, ama-penguin awadla khona emanzini. Zikhipha inyamazane enkulu emhlabeni bese zihlukanisa zibe izingxenye.
Ama-penguin awesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo nesimo sezulu esibi futhi azizwa ekhululekile emanzini noma ngenkathi ebandayo. Ngokufuna inani lokudla elidingekayo, bangahamba amashumi amakhilomitha amaningi. Amaphengwini adinga inani elikhulu lamandla namandla ama-dives amaningi, kwesinye isikhathi adinga inqwaba yawo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Penguin encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-elf penguin yizinyoni ezihamba ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuqala ukusa baya olwandle futhi babuya sekuhlwile kuphela.
Izinyoni zihlala phansi, futhi, zihlala endaweni ethile, zidla futhi zihlale kuyo impilo yazo yonke. Banomona kakhulu ngokuvikela indawo abahlala kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela isivakashi esingamenyiwe, iphengwini elincane liyamxwayisa, bese kuhlasela kuphela. Uma othile ehlasela isizinda sakhe bese esondela ebangeni eliseduze kunamamitha amabili, welula izimpiko zakhe futhi ngokuzwakalayo, ngokuzikhukhumeza, exwayisa ngokulungela kwakhe ukuvikela indawo yakhe yokuhlala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, ama-penguin amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka athathwa njengezinyoni ezinomsindo kakhulu. Enqubeni yokuvikela indawo abahlala kuyo, ukuxhumana kwabantu beqembu komunye nomunye, ngababili komunye nomunye, bavame ukukhipha imisindo ephezulu kakhulu, ukushaya amaphiko, njll.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa nokuzalanisa, izinyoni ziyabhukuda zisuka ogwini ngokwesilinganiso samakhilomitha ayi-10-13 futhi ziyaqhubeka nokufuna ukudla amahora angama-9-12. Cishe azisoze zahamba ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ogwini lolwandle, ngaphandle kwalapho kunendlala enkulu. Esikhathini esiningi bafika ogwini emanzini ebumnyameni. Lokhu akuvamile ukuthi kube yizisulu zezilwane ezizingelayo.
Amaphengwini achitha isikhathi esiningi ebheka izimpaphe. Endaweni yomsila kunezindlala ezikhethekile ezikhipha amanoni. Izinyoni zibagcoba ngezimpaphe ukuze zingamanzi emanzini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umndeni wama-penguin amancane
Abesilisa bavame ukuheha abesifazane ngokusebenzisa imisindo ethile. Zelula izintamo zazo, zisonge amaphiko azo ngemuva kwazo bese zikhipha umsindo odonseke kakhulu ofana nesikhwishikhwishi. Ama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka athanda ukwakha ngazimbili, aqinile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa sisesikhathini sasehlobo futhi siqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya maphakathi noSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zakha izidleke, zithola izindawo ezicashile ikakhulukazi - emifantwini yamatshe, ngaphansi kwamatshe, ezindaweni eziphakeme. Eqenjini elilodwa, ibanga lezidleke komunye nomunye lilinganiselwe ngamamitha ayi-2-2.5. Ngesikhathi sokuzala nokuzalanisa, leli banga lincishiswe kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokubhanqa nokuhlangana, insikazi izalela amaqanda esidlekeni sayo. Ngebamba elilodwa, ubeka amaqanda ama-1-3 amhlophe anesisindo esingu-50-55 amagremu. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqanda achamisela izinsuku ezingama-30-40. Umama okhulelwe uwafukamela amaqanda isikhathi esiningi. Abantu besilisa besilisa bashintsha ama-halves abo eposini njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4, ukuze abesifazane bakwazi ukuya olwandle baziqabule.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, amaphuphu avela emaqandeni. Amaphengwini asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esingu-35-50 amagremu. Imizimba yabo imbozwe yi-fluff. Bachitha isikhathi eside impela ukuhlala esidlekeni somzali. Cishe inyanga yonke, insikazi neyeduna zihlinzeka inzalo yazo ngokudla. Bese, kancane kancane, amaphuphu ahamba nabantu abadala olwandle ukuze bazitholele okwabo ukudla. Ngenyanga ezayo, owesifazane nowesilisa banakekela ukuphepha kwezingane zabo.
Lapho izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zifinyelela isisindo esingama-900-1200 amagremu, ziyazimela futhi zilungele impilo ezimele. Amaphengwini afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eneminyaka emithathu. Ama-penguin alezinhlobo abonakala ngokuzala okukhiqizayo ngokwanda kweminyaka. Kubuye kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi lapho ukudla kunikezwa kangcono ngamaphengwini, kuzoba kuvundile ngokwengeziwe.
Izitha zemvelo zephengwini omncane
Isithombe: Amaphengwini amancane emvelweni
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidlayo, ama-penguin aya olwandle entathakusa lapho kusemnyama. Babuyela ekhaya lapho ilanga selishonile vele sekumnyama. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, bonke banenani elanele lezitha ezimweni zemvelo.
Izitha zamaphengwini zifaka:
- oshaka;
- izimpawu;
- imikhomo yokubulala;
- Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zasePacific;
- izinja;
- uthando;
- amagundane;
- izimpungushe;
- amakati;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa.
Umuntu nemisebenzi yakhe nayo ineqhaza ekwehleni kwenani lamaphengwini enganekwane. Ukungcola okuhlala njalo kwendawo yabo yemvelo, ukudedela olwandle nasolwandle kwenqwaba yemfucuza ehlukahlukene, udoti, nemikhiqizo yokuhluza uwoyela kunciphisa indawo abahlala kuyo. Izinyoni zizwela kakhulu ekungcolisweni kwendawo ezikuyo, kufaka phakathi imizimba yamanzi lapho izondla khona yona kanye nenzalo yayo.
Ukudoba ngezinga lezimboni kuholela ekuqothulweni nasekuntekentekeni kokuphakelwa kwezilwane ukudla. Ekufuneni ukudla, ama-penguin ahlanganisa amabanga amade. Inkinga yokuthola isisekelo sokudla ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, lapho abantu abadala kufanele bangazondli bona kuphela, kepha nenzalo yabo, iphuthuma kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni ezincane, ezimangalisayo zihlala e-zoo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-penguin encane, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Njengamanje, inani lama-penguin aluhlaza alisongelwa. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuqala, inani lalesi sibalo lilinganiselwa kubantu abangu-1 000 000. Kwezinye izifunda, kuncipha njalo kubantu, okudalwa ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidliwayo kanye nokungcola kwendawo yemvelo yezinyoni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungcoliswa kogu nezindlu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemfucuza kunomthelela ekwehleni komkhiqizo wokuzalana kwama-penguin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umphumela womsebenzi wabantu ngendlela yokungcola kwezindawo ezinkulu ngemfucuza evela embonini yokuhluza uwoyela kushiya ama-penguin amahle ngaphandle kokudla.
Abantu babonisa intshisekelo enkulu kulezi zidalwa ezingavamile. Izivakashi ezingaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi zivakashela izindawo zazo zemvelo minyaka yonke. Izivakashi nezivakashi zihlatshwe umxhwele umbukwane wesixuku esinomsindo wezinyoni ezinhle ngokumangalisayo eziphuma olwandle ekushoneni kwelanga zizulazule ezidlekeni zazo. Kwezinye izimo, ama-penguin aluhlaza aba yizisulu zabazingeli abazingela izinyoni ukuze bazithengise emakethe emnyama.
Izazi zezilwane zikutholile lokho iphengwini elincane ingahle ibe khona njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nasezinkulisa nasemapaki kazwelonke. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoni isilinganiso seminyaka engu-7-8. Uma kugcinwa ezimeni ezifanele nenani elanele lokudla, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula cishe kathathu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 18
