Izici nendawo yokuhlala yekamela elinomswakama owodwa
Isikhathi eside, amakamela abhekwa njengezilwane ezisemqoka emazweni anezimo ezishisayo nezomile, ngoba akhonza abantu ngokwethembeka kusukela kudala. Futhi ingcebo yomnikazi yalinganiswa ngenani lemihlambi yamakamela.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokukhuthazela kwabo, indlela yabo yokuhamba, ukuntengantenga kancane, kanye nokukwazi kwabo ukuhamba kahle ezihlabathini ezishisayo, baklonyeliswa ngegama lesidlaliso: imikhumbi yasogwadule.
Futhi hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngoba ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuyiyona kuphela indlela yokuhamba yokuhamba, ngokushisa okuvuthayo, izikhala ezingapheli nezingaphili. Ngokufana okuthile nezinhlobo zezilwane ezinamachwane, amakamela avame ukudideka nawo.
Kodwa-ke, njengabameleli bohlelo lwezilwane ezinenselo evundlile, kepha zingenazo izinselo, kepha izinyawo ezingenangqondo, njengezithwali zezici eziningi ezihlukile zokubukeka nezomzimba, zibalwa ososayensi njenge-suborder of calluses.
Amakamela yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinomhlume. Futhi lokhu akukhona ukuntuleka kokubukeka, kepha inqolobane yezakhamzimba nomswakama oyigugu. Kepha kanye nama-humped amabili, adume kakhulu futhi asakazekile, amalungu ohlobo lwamakamela, kunezilwane emhlabeni - abanikazi be-hump eyodwa kuphela.
Endle, izidalwa ezinjalo zibhekwa njengeziphelile, kepha umuntu ofuywayo akavamile neze esikhathini sethu. Igama lekamela elilodwa elishubile - idrama. Izidalwa ezinjalo ezisebenza kanzima manje ziyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wazo ukuze kuzuze umuntu.
Ama-dromedaries mancane kunama-congener anama-humped amabili, afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude futhi cishe ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Isisindo esisodwa sekamela esilimele ezilinganiselwa ku-500 kg.
Lezi zidalwa mncane impela futhi zinemilenze emide, zigcina ezansi ngamaphakethe wezinzwane ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-callus angabonwa ezinyaweni zesilwane kuphela, amboza amadolo nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ijazi lamadrama, lide emhlane nasentanyeni, imvamisa, lihlangana nesizinda esijwayelekile sogwadule, linombala oyisanti. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlayiya ezinsundu ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe, kepha ama-ash-yellow shades ahamba phambili embala walezi zidalwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezihlukile zokubukeka kwazo (njengoba ubona esithombeni sekamela elinomswakama owodwa) yilezi: isifonyo esihlanganisiwe esinamashiya aminyene kanye nezinkophe ezinde kumajwabu amehlo, esivikela esihlabathini ezingwadule; imfoloko yezindebe ezingenhla; emakhaleni ngesimo semifantu engavalwa uma kunesidingo, evumelana neziphepho zesihlabathi; kanye nentamo ende nobude obufushane, obujwayelekile, umsila wamamitha ayisithupha.
Lezi zilwane sezimpande kahle, zibongwe kakhulu futhi ziyadingeka eNyakatho Afrika, eNdiya nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. Ikamela elilodwa elishumpuliwe liyaphila ePakistan, e-Afghanistan nase-Iran - amazwe lapho ayehlala ebaluleke khona kumuntu, kangangokuba waba yiqhawe lezinganekwane eziningi zemilingo zasempumalanga.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yekamela elinomswakama owodwa
Ikamela elilodwa eliqhutshwa – isilwane, ikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezimweni ezimbi zasogwadule, lapho ezinye izidalwa zazingakwazi ukubamba khona usuku olulodwa.
Isikhumba salezi zidalwa simelana nokoma, futhi ukushisa okushisayo akubangeli ukujuluka. Ngakho-ke, umzimba ulondoloza umswakama oyigugu esomisweni sogwadule.
Kepha uma ikamela likwazi ukufika emanzini, khona-ke, njengoba kunamahlebezi, libhukuda kahle kakhulu. Futhi lena imfihlakalo yemvelo yobuqili, ngoba amakamela amaningi ezimpilweni zawo awakaze abone amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile, atholakala emifuleni nasemachibini.
Imfihlo yalesi simo ngokusobala ifihliwe ezinhlelweni kwemvelo, futhi ikamela elilodwa elithungisiwe, njengabafowabo, nayo yanikezwa lesi sici.
Izakhamizi zasogwadule, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, zincike kakhulu kulezi zilwane ezisebenza kanzima ezingathobekile. Ama-Arabhu abheka izidalwa ezinjalo njengezipho ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-Allah.
Abasebenzi bamakamela bekulokhu kungenakubuyiselwa. Baphatha amanzi, basiza ukulima umhlaba futhi bathwala imithwalo esindayo. Lokhu kwaba yinto ejwayelekile empilweni yansuku zonke kangangokuba iphakethe lekamela laba yisilinganiso esijwayelekile sesisindo sabantu basendulo baseMpumalanga.
Uboya besilwane buhlale bunikeza umuntu izingubo. Ukunotha kwayo ngamafutha, inyama enambithekayo ibiphakela abantu, kanye nobisi lwamakamela, okuthi, uma luhlanjululwa ngamanzi, kuqede ngokuphelele ukoma.
Ama-dromedaries asethanjisiwe futhi asetshenziswa ngabantu isikhathi eside kangangokuba cishe akukho lwazi olukhona mayelana nendlela yabo yokuphila yasendle, noma kunjalo ikamela elilodwa elifuyiwe wangena empilweni yomuntu, ngokusho kolunye ulwazi, ngemuva kwakho konke, kamuva kunabalingani bakhe abane-humped.
Kepha ama-dromedaries awagcinanga ngokuba ngabondli nabasizi abathembekile bezakhamuzi zasogwadule, kepha futhi azuza ukuqashelwa ngezimfanelo zabo ezibalulekile. Babekezelela ukushisa kangcono kunamakamela eBactrian, futhi banikeze nobisi oluningi.
Kusuka esiGrekini "i-dromayos" ihunyushwe ngokushesha, futhi lokhu kuveza yonke incazelo amagama ekamela eline-humped eyodwa, okwazile ukudlula izihlobo zakhe ngobugovu.
Lezi zilwane zingompetha hhayi emsebenzini kuphela, kepha kaningi zaba ngabanqobi, zibamba iqhaza emijahweni yamakamela edumile, eyayithandwa phakathi kwabantu base-Arab kusukela endulo. Izizwe eziyimizulane ezingwadule namuhla zisebenzisa lezi zidalwa njengezilwane ezithwalayo kanye nokuphela kwento yokuhamba.
Ukhokho wekamela elilodwa elalicindezelwe livela ezingwadule zase-Arabia, futhi laqala ukuthanjiswa yizizwe zamaBedouin eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu eyedlule. Kamuva, ama-dromaries agcina esePalestine, futhi ukusuka lapho aya e-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan. Kepha ukusabalala emazweni amaningi asenyakatho akuphumelelanga, ngoba yize ama-dromedaries engathobekile futhi eqinile, awabekezeleli kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Amakamela azolile futhi azolile ngokumangazayo, ahlakaniphile, athanda futhi aqonda umuntu. Kodwa-ke, zikhombisa nezici ezingezinhle zezimilo. Isibonelo, lezi zilwane zingaba nenkani esabekayo.
Isidalwa ngasinye sinemikhuba nobuntu baso, okungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa naso. Futhi banomkhuba owenyanyekayo wokukhafula, okuvame ukwenzeka ema-zoo, lapho baphindaphinde khona ubuqili obubi kangaka kubavakashi.
Ukudla okukamela okukodwa okulungisiwe
Isisu salezi zidalwa, njengaleso sokuzalwa. siqukethe amakamelo amaningana, alungele ukugaya ngokuthanda kwawo ukudla, ngoba ikamela elilodwa eliswidiwe liyaphakelwa ukudla kwemifino. Futhi ukudla kwakhe kuhlanganisa, ngokuyisisekelo, zonke izitshalo ezitholakalayo.
Lezi yizilwane ezikhanyayo ezikwazi ukwaneliseka ngokudla okubabazekayo futhi okunesizotha kakhulu: amagatsha ezihlahla ezinameva, izitshalo, eziqukethe usawoti omningi, okungenakudliwa ezinye izitshalo ezidla uhlaza.
Okwesikhathi esithile angaba nokudla nhlobo, akhokhele izindleko zamafutha anqwabelene. Labo dromedaries abahlala eSahara bayakwazi ukuphila impilo ejwayelekile futhi basebenze ngokugcwele kulo lonke ubusika, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa umswakama osemzimbeni nhlobo, futhi izitho zabo zilungiswa ukuze zikugcine ngaphakathi emzimbeni futhi zikhiphe inani elincane kuphela. Kodwa uma ikamela lithola amanzi bese liqala ukuphuza, lingamunca amabhakede ketshezi angafika kwayishumi ngemizuzu nje embalwa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhulelwa kwamawundlu esikhathi esizayo ngama-dromedaries kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi inkathi. Kodwa-ke, kuncike ngqo enanini lokudla okudliwayo, ngakho-ke imvelo inqume ukuthi imvamisa lokhu kuyenzeka, ngenkathi evundile yemvula yezindawo zasogwadule, lapho zonke izinto eziphilayo zinethuba lokuphumula ekushiseni okushisayo futhi zingazi ukusweleka komthombo wokudla.
Ikamela elilodwa eliqhutshwa ukuvuthwa ukuthola inzalo kuze kufike eminyakeni eyisithupha. Ukugeleza kwamakamela kubhekwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba okukhulelwa nokuzala, njengomthetho, wekamela elilodwa.
Bezwa iphunga lowesifazane, abazoba ngabalingani babo bomshado bavuswa. Lokhu kubonakala ngisho nasezimpawu zangaphandle. I-dromedary esemgwaqeni iba nolaka ngokweqile, kuthi isithasiselo esimise okwe-sac elangeni lakhe siphenduke sibe bomvu futhi sifane nebhola elikhulu.
Lezi zilwane zikhwelana ngendlela engajwayelekile, zilele ngohlangothi noma zihleli, okuyinto engafani nhlobo nabamele abakhulu kangaka bezilwane. Ikamela lomntwana elizalwe ngemuva kokukhulelwa kukamama isikhathi esingangonyaka, linoboya obuhle obujiyile nobuthambile.
Cishe uqala ngokushesha ukunyakaza, futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa usevele uyagijima, kepha unyaka wonke unethuba lokujabulela ubisi lukamama olumnandi. Isikhathi sempilo yekamela elilodwa cishe uneminyaka engama-45 ubudala.
