I-Skunks (lat. Merhitidae) yizilwane zomndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo kanye nokuhleleka okuvamile kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Kuze kube muva nje, ama-skunks ayevame ukuthiwa abomndeni wakwaCunyi kanye nomndeni wakwaMerhitinae, kepha ngenxa yezifundo zamangqamuzana, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesabelo sabo emndenini ohlukile, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, osondele kakhulu emndenini wakwaPanda, hhayi kumaRaccoons.
Incazelo Yomnenke
Bonke abamele ukuhleleka kokudla kanye nomndeni wakwaSkunk banezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezimpawu, okwenza kube lula futhi kucishe kungangabazeki ukuhlukanisa nezilwane ezibukeka ngendlela efanayo.
Ukubukeka
Onke ama-skunks anemibala ngemivimbo noma ngamabala amhlophe kusizinda esimnyama esihlukile.... Isibonelo, ama-skunks anemigqa anemigqa emhlophe ebanzi emhlane wawo eqala ekhanda iye ekugcineni kwomsila. Iphethini ekhanyayo nebonakalayo enjalo isebenza njengesixwayiso, futhi iyakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amalungu omndeni amancane kunawo wonke angama-skunks (Spilogale), anesisindo somzimba esihluka ngaphakathi kuka-0.2-1.0 kg. I-skunk enkulu kunazo zonke - i-Pig-snouted skunk (Soneraatus) isisindo esingu-4.0-4.5 kg
Esinye sezici ezihlukile zama-skunks ubukhona bezindlala ezinomdlandla, ezikhipha into ebabayo enephunga eliqhubekayo nelingemnandi. Izilwane ezincelisayo ze-Skunk zingafafaza umfudlana oyimfihlo oyimfihlo ofinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha kude... Onke ama-skunks ahlukaniswa ngomthethosisekelo oqinile, onesiqu, umsila onesihlahla kanye nezitho zomzimba ezimfushane ezinamazipho anamandla futhi athuthukiswe kahle, aguqulelwe ngokuphelele ukubhoboza.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Ama-skunks atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamathafa ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amathafa anotshani nezindawo ezinezihlahla, kanye nezindawo eziningi ezinezintaba. Isilwane esincelisayo sizama ukugwema izindawo eziminyene ezinezihlahla noma amaxhaphozi. Ama-skunks yizilwane ezihamba ebusuku futhi ahlukaniswa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye. Imvamisa, isilwane sizimba umgodi ngokuzimela, kepha uma kunesidingo, singangena emigodini eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngezinye izilwane. Amanye amalungu omndeni angamakhono amahle kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla.
Izilwane ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zebanga ngokuqala kwesikhathi sekwindla ziqala ukuqoqa izinqolobane zamafutha. Ebusika, ama-skunks amaningi awafihli ubusika, kepha ayasebenza futhi awashiyi amakhaya ayo ayofuna ukudla. Izilwane zilala emgodini onomphela, zihlanganiswe ngamaqembu aqukethe owesilisa nabesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Skunkovykh ibhekene nomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela nokuzwa okuthuthukile, kepha isilwane esinjalo sinamehlo angaboni kahle, ngakho-ke isilwane esincelisayo asikwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezikude ngamamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Ngenkathi efudumele, isilwane esincelisayo sithanda ukuhlala sodwa, asinayo indawo futhi asimaki imingcele yamasayithi aso nganoma iyiphi indlela. Indawo yokudla ejwayelekile, njengomthetho, ihlala ku-2-4 km² kowesifazane omdala, nakwabesilisa hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-20 km².
Ama-skunks ahlala isikhathi esingakanani
Impilo yonke ye-skunk ihamba ngendlela ezolile, noma evilaphayo, futhi ubude besikhathi sokuphila besilwane esincelisayo asihluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukubheka kukhombisa ukuthi endle, isilwane singaphila cishe iminyaka emibili noma emithathu, futhi ekuthunjweni, singaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi.
Izinhlobo ze-Skunk
Ochwepheshe njengamanje bahlukanisa izizukulwane ezine kuphela eziyinhloko nezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zama-skunks.
Ama-skunks ohlobo lwe-Pig-nosed amelwe ngu:
- I-skunk yaseNingizimu Melika (Soneratus сhingа);
- UHumboldt Skunk (Soneratus humbоldtii);
- I-East Mexico noma i-skunk enekhala elimhlophe (Soneratus leuconotus);
- I-skunk enemigqa eyisigamu (Сoneratus semistriatus).
Ama-skunks anemigqa yohlobo amelwe ngu:
- I-skunk yaseMexico (Merhitis macrora);
- I-skunk emthende (Merhitis mehitis).
Uhlobo lwe-smelly badgers, esikhathini esithile esedlule olwaqanjwa ngumndeni wakwaCunyi futhi lwabalwa phakathi kwabakhungayo, lumelwe ngu:
- ISunda enuka imbila (Мydаus javаnensis);
- IPalawan enuka imbila (Мydаus mаrсhei).
Ama-skunks ohlobo oluthile abonisiwe amelwe ngu:
- I-skunk eseningizimu enamabala (Spilogale аngustifrons);
- I-skunk encane (i-Spilogale gracilis);
- I-skunk enamabala (Spilogale putoriu);
- I-skunk yemifino (Spilogale pygmaea).
I-skunk emthende yisilwane esinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-1.2-5.3 kg. Lolu hlobo yilungu lomndeni elisakazeke kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo imelwe yinsimu eseNyakatho Melika isuka eCanada iye eMexico, lapho ithanda khona kuphela izindawo ezingamahlathi.
I-Mexican Skunk - Lesi silwane esincelisayo siyisihlobo esisondelene kakhulu skunk enemigqa futhi sifana naso ngaphandle. Umehluko omkhulu uboniswa ijazi elide futhi elithambile. Endaweni yekhanda, lesi silwane sinezinwele ezinde, ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lunegama langempela "Hooded Skunk". Indawo yokuhlala imelwe yinsimu yaseMexico nezinye izifundazwe eziseningizimu ye-United States, kufaka phakathi i-Arizona neTexas.
I-skunk yaseMpumalanga enamabala iyilungu elincane kakhulu lomndeni wakwaSkunk. Umehluko wesici phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo umbala wawo. Ijazi linemigqa emhlophe edabukile, edala ukukhohlisa kokuphazamiseka. Indawo yokuhlala imelwe insimu yaseMelika. I-skunk yaseNingizimu Melika - ngokubukeka nangayo yonke imikhuba icishe ifane kakhulu ne-skunk enemigqa. IHabitat imelwe amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu Melika, kufaka phakathi iBolivia nePeru, iParaguay ne-Argentina, kanye neChile.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele abaningi bomndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo kanye nokuhleleka kwezilwane ezidliwayo bahlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zeNew World. Izilwane zohlobo lwe-Skunks ezinemigqa zisabalale zisuka eningizimu yeCanada zaya eCosta Rica, kanti uhlobo lohlobo lwengulube okuthiwa i-Pig-snouted skunks luhlala ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu Melika ziye e-Argentina.
Ama-Skunks amachashaza atholakala emazweni aseningizimu yeBritish Columbia nasePennsylvania kuze kufike eCosta Rica. Ama-badger anukayo, abalwa njenge-skunk, yizinhlobo ezimbili ezitholakala ngaphandle kwaseMelika futhi zivamile naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia.
Ukudla kweskunk
Ama-skunks angama-omnivores weqiniso adla ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo... Izilwane ezincelisayo zidla abamele izilwane eziphakathi nendawo, kanti inyamazane yazo kungaba amagundane, izikhukhukazi, izingwejeje, onogwaja abasebancane nabangakhulile, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nama-crustaceans, kanye nentethe, izibungu nezinambuzane. Ngenjabulo, izilwane ezinjalo zidla imifino nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, izitshalo eziningi ezinomuthi, izithelo namahlamvu, namantongomane ahlukahlukene. Uma kunesidingo, i-carrion nayo isetshenziselwa ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-skunks agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingajwayelekile avame ukukala cishe izikhathi ezimbalwa kunabalingani bawo basendle, ngenxa yokusebenzisa okuphakelayo okunamafutha aphezulu.
Enkambeni yokuzingela ebusuku, ocelemba basebenzisa imizwa yabo yokuhogela nokuzwa, futhi lapho bethola inyamazane ngesimo sezinambuzane noma izibankwa, baqala ukumba ngenkuthalo umhlabathi bese bevula amahlamvu noma amatshe ngosizo lwamakhala nezidladla zabo. Amagundane amancane abamba amazinyo abo ngenkathi egxuma. Ukususa isikhumba noma ameva esilwaneni, isilwane sisigoqa phansi. Isilwane esincelisayo sithanda kakhulu uju, oludliwa kanye nezinyosi namakhekhana.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-omnivores ama-skunk adla inani elikhulu lokhula nezilwane eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane namagundane. Ngaso leso sikhathi, wonke ama-skunks awasilo isigaba sezinto ezibalulekile zokudla kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngenxa yokutholakala kwephunga elibukhali nelinyanyekayo elenziwa izindlala ezikhethekile.
Ama-skunks awagcini nje ngokusingathwa, kepha futhi athwala ezinye izimuncagazi eziyingozi kanye nezifo, kufaka phakathi izifo ezifana ne-histoplasmosis. Futhi, izilwane zasendle zivame ukuhlushwa amarabi. Kodwa-ke, izitha eziyinhloko zama-skunks ngabantu ababhubhisa izilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo ngenxa yephunga lazo elingathandeki nokuhlaselwa kaningi kwezinkukhu ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-skunks amancane futhi angavuthwanga ngokuphelele angahlaselwa ezinye izilwane ezidlayo, kufaka phakathi ama-coyotes, izimpungushe, ama-cougars, i-Canadian lynx nama-badger, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezindwangu zeminyaka ehlukene ziyafa ngenxa yezingozi zomgwaqo noma lapho zidla izicupho ezikhethekile ezinobuthi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana okusebenzayo kwama-skunks siwela esikhathini sekwindla, cishe ngoSepthemba. Ngokuqala kuka-Okthoba, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda emadodeni kuyama. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokuphelele ngokocansi ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi ukushisa esilwaneni esinjalo kuvela kuphela ngoSepthemba. Ama-skunks yizilwane zesithembu, ngakho-ke abesilisa bayakwazi ukukhwelana nabesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ababambiqhaza ekunakekeleni inzalo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa izinsuku ezingama-28-31. Izilwane ezincelisayo zinokukhethekile - uma kunesidingo, owesifazane unokubambezeleka kokufakwa kombungu ezindongeni, okuyisici esikhethekile sokunqamuka kombungu. Kulokhu, isikhathi sokukhulelwa singanwetshwa size sifike ezinyangeni ezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwe izingane ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi ezinesisindo esingu-22.0-22.5 g.
Cishe emasontweni ambalwa, amawundlu avula amehlo, futhi lapho esenenyanga eyodwa ubudala, amawundlu asekhulile akwazi ukuthatha isimo sokuma sokuzivikela. Isilwane sithola ikhono lokudubula uketshezi olunephunga elilodwa inyanga nohhafu emva kokuzalwa. Izinsikazi zondla amawundlu azo isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, kanti ama-skunks amancane ashintshela ekudleni okuzimele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Umndeni uchitha isikhathi sokuqala sasebusika ndawonye, bese kuthi ama-skunks asekhulile aqale ukufuna ngenkuthalo indawo yokulala ozimele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokuvamile, bonke abamele isigaba seZilwane Ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kokudla kanye nomndeni wakwaSkunk baningi kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke, okwamanje abakahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
