Incazelo yamakhowe njengezinhlobo zama-moss nomehluko phakathi kwalolu hlobo noBoletus akucaci futhi kuyimpikiswano. Ama-Flywheels ayingxube enkulu kakhulu yamaqembu nezinhlobo eziningana. Lawa maqembu ahlukanisiwe ngamanye ngama-anatomical ahlukahlukene nezinye izici. Futhi, ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-mycologists lukhombisa ukuthi amakhowe awehli kukhokho oyedwa ovamile wefungus.
I-Etymology yegama "flywheel"
Izithelo zezithelo zalolu hlobo zihlala emadlelweni ambozwe ubulembu ezitshaleni ezihlanganisiwe nezihlanganisiwe. Abaqoqi bamakhowe baqoqa amakhowe kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Cishe wonke amakhowe alezi zinhlobo ayadliwa, okuwukuphela kwento engaba yi-flyworms yamanga.
Incazelo yekhowe le-flywheel
Ama-Flywheels avela kwisizukulwane esihlukile anezici ezihlukile ezihlukile, kepha onke abelana ngezici ezilandelayo:
Isigqoko
Komile kancane futhi kuyivelivethi. Kuzinhlobo ezivuthwe ngokweqile, isikhumba siqhekekile. Ubukhulu bekepisi buxhomeke esigabeni sempilo, kepha budluli ku-9 cm.
Umtfumbu
Umbala uvela kusayithi lokusika. Umzimba uhlala umhlophe, uphenduka ophuzi, uphenduke obomvu, uphenduke okwesibhakabhaka ezinhlotsheni eziningi.
Hymenophore
Ama-pores ama-tubules abanzi, akhombisa obomvu, kusuka ophuzi kuya kumbala ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokulimala, ama-tubules aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umlenze
Ukuthungwa kuncike ezinhlotsheni, zishwabene noma zibushelelezi, isiqu sikhula size sifike ku-8 cm ukuphakama.
Isitembu esiphikisanayo
Umthunzi uncike ezinhlotsheni.
Amakhowe adliwayo
Emndenini wakwaBoletov, amakhowe anezihlobo - i-boletus mushroom. Abantu baqoqa ama-flywheels alandelayo ukuthola ukudla:
- okuhlukahlukene;
- okubomvu;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- IsiPolish;
- ophuzi nsundu.
I-Mosswheel eluhlaza
Itholakala ikakhulu ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezibanzi, emaphethelweni amasimu e-coniferous, lapho kukhula khona i-birch ne-willow.
Njengoba ikhowe lingenazo izici ezikhethekile, ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali okulula kusiza ekuboneni ngokuthembekile ukuthi kungokwaluphi uhlobo lohlobo lwegreen flywheel: ikepisi liba bomvu ngokugqamile uma kusetshenziswa kuwo ithonsi le-ammonia yasekhaya.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-flyworm eluhlaza itholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi laseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, e-Australia.
Isigqoko
Kumakhowe amancane, i-hemispherical and pubescent, iba bushelelezi futhi kwesinye isikhathi iqhekeze lapho imizimba yezithelo ikhula, inyama ephuzi ivezwa ngaphansi kwe-cuticle.
Lapho zivulwa ngokugcwele, izambulela zamakepisi ziba nsundu noma umnqumo, enobubanzi obungu-4 kuye ku-8 cm onamaphethelo angalingani, anemikhawulo emincane.
Amashubhu nama-pores
Inombala ophuzi nge-chrome, iba mnyama ngobudala, ama-tubules anamatiselwe emlenzeni. Lapho ulinyaziwe, ama-pores (kodwa hhayi kuwo wonke amasampula) aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese le ndawo iba nsundu.
Umlenze
I-Pallid njenge-cap noma imnyama kancane, kwesinye isikhathi i-convex kancane esisekelweni futhi ivulekele ngasekhanda. Inyama yesiqu ayishintshi ngokuphawulekayo umbala noma iba bomvu kancane lapho isikwa futhi ivezwe emoyeni. 1 kuya 2 cm ububanzi, 4 kuya ku-8 cm ubude.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore brown brown. Iphunga / ukunambitheka akuhlukile.
Indawo yokuhlala nendima yemvelo
Le fungus ye-mycorrhizal ivela yodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezibanzi emapaki nasehlathini elixubekile, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini yelimestone.
I-flywheel eluhlaza ekuphekeni
I-Boletus iyadliwa, kepha ayibizi kakhulu. Yengezwa kwamanye amakhowe ezitsheni, omisiwe futhi agcinwe ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva.
I-Flywheel ngombala ophuzi
Leli khowe elinomzimba othambile livunwa ezindaweni eziseduze noma eziseduze zikaphayini, futhi kaningi phakathi kweheather. Ikhula ngamaqembu amancane, hhayi imindeni. Ama-pores ama-specimens amancane akhipha amaconsi obisi. Esimweni sezulu esimanzi, amakepisi ayanamathela kancane, hhayi amancane.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ezwenikazi laseYurophu, impukane enombala ophuzi ngokuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho, eduze naseningizimu kuya ngokuya kuyivelakancane kakhulu, yize ibanga leli lifinyelela e-Asia. Lolu hlobo lutholakala nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
Umbala ophuzi ophuzi nophuzi nsundu ngombala, indawo ihlala imile (ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esimanzi), i-velvety ecekeceke noma i-scaly encane, ikhula ifike ku-4-10 cm ububanzi futhi ihlala i-convex kancane. I-pulp iphuzi ngokukhanyayo futhi ithambile, ibonakala ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho isikwa.
Amashubhu nama-pores
Amashubhu anombala wesinaphi angalingani, agcina ngemigodi yombala we-olive-ocher, ethatha isinamoni ne-mustard tint lapho isivuthwe ngokuphelele.
Umlenze
Khipha kancane isiqu esiphuzi esiphuzi futhi akukho ring noma indawo eyi-annular. Lapho isikiwe, inyama ephuzi ephaphathekile yesiphunzi ayishintshi kakhulu umbala.
Isitembu esiphikisanayo
U-Ocher noma u-Isinna Brown. Iphunga alihlukile, ukunambitheka kunalokho kumuncu.
Mossy nsundu ngokuphuzi ekuphekeni
Edliwayo, noma kunjalo, inokunambitheka kwensimbi nephunga elingathandeki lapho iphekwe.
Kukholakala ukuthi kuyacasula isisu. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlanze amakepisi, ususe ungqimba lwamathubu, upheke kahle bese, njengoba kunjalo nganoma imuphi omunye amakhowe adliwayo azanywa okokuqala ngqa, udle izingxenye ezincane uze uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izingqinamba ezisemaceleni.
I-Flywheel ebomvu
Isikhunta esincane esihle se-ectomycorrhizal sikhula enhlabathini ecebile ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinamanzi, ikakhulukazi sithanda i-beech ne-oki, sizala ngamaqembu, kunokuba sodwa, sitholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, emadlelweni, emadlelweni, emapaki nasezivandeni.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amakhowe, angavamile noma angekho ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, athanda isimo sezulu esifudumele saseYurophu, atholakala ngamaqembu ezibonelo ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-10.
Isigqoko
Kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 cm ububanzi, i-convex ebanzi, bese isicaba, kwesinye isikhathi iba nokudangala okuncane okuphakathi. Kumakhowe amancane, abomvu klebhu, aguqule umbala ovuthiwe, obomvu ngokubona komnqumo onomugqa ophuzi obheke eceleni. Ubuso bomile futhi buyivelivethi, kuyaqabukela kuqhekeka ngisho nasemakhowe amadala.
Amashubhu nama-pores
Ama-tubules aphuzi ngokufiphele, ama-pores aphuzi kalamula, aluhlaza okweminyaka. Uma sekonakele, ama-pores namashubhu ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane.
Umlenze
Ingu-4 kuye ku-8 cm ubude, i-4 kuye ku-8 mm ububanzi, i-cylindrical, iphuzi ngokugqamile phezulu futhi kancane kancane iba bomvu iye ngasisekelo. Inyama iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, iba phuzi ngokujulile phansi bese iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho isikwa.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore brown brown. Iphunga elimnandi elimnandi, hhayi ukunambitheka okungashiwongo (insipho encane).
I-flywheel ebomvu ekuphekeni
Lawa makhowe amancane avame ukugcwala izibungu lapho esemdala. Ukunambitheka nephunga elincane alikwenzi ukupheka noma ukuthosa. Amakhowe afakwe emanzini anosawoti noma omisiwe, asetshenziswa ngokuhlangana namanye amakhowe.
Moss sula
Kusatshalaliswa ngama-spruce namahlathi ephayini, futhi kuvela ngaphansi kwama-oki, ubhontshisi, ama-chestnut nezinye izihlahla eziningi ezinamakhasi abanzi.
Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla isikhathi esiyinhloko sokuzingela amakhowe adliwayo, anambitheka ngokufana namakhowe we-porcini, okungajwayelekile ukuthi agcwale izibungu, noma isambulela sekepisi sivuliwe ngokuphelele.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-moss polish iyinhlobo ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Kuyaqabukela ikhule ngamaqembu ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kwezimbili noma ezintathu; ngaphansi kwezihlahla zikaphayini ezindala, kuze kufike amakhowe angama-4-5.
Isigqoko
Enkulu, nsundu ngokubushelelezi noma i-chestnut, i-pubescent kancane kumakhowe angavuthiwe. Ikhula ize ifike ku-5-15 cm ububanzi, inenyama eqinile, ephaphathekile, iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho isikwa.
Inyama
Inyama yekepisi nesiqu iba mhlophe noma kwesinye isikhathi ibe nombala ophuzi esigabeni sokuqala sempukane yasePoland, iba yimicibisholo ngqo ngaphansi kwe-cuticle yekepisi bese iphenduka iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni ngokushesha ngenhla kwamashubhu nangaphezulu komlenze.
Tubules
Uphuzi ophuzi, uphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho usikwe, uphela ngama-pores aphuzi aphuzi (cishe njalo) aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho esikiwe. Ukuguqulwa kombala kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi kubonakala kakhulu kumakhowe avuthiwe, futhi uma uthinta ama-pores, uphawu olumnyama oluhlaza luzohlala ezandleni zakho.
Umlenze
Umlenze onsundu umbozwe ngezintambo zikakotini ezinhle eziwenza ubukeke umthende. Ayikho indandatho, ububanzi bungaphezulu noma buncane, yize isiqu sivame ukugoba kancane, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesisekelo. 2 kuya ku-3 cm ububanzi, 5 kuya ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Inyama ilamula kalamula omhlophe noma okhanyayo futhi iphenduka iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane uma isikwa.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore brown brown. Ukunambitheka okumnandi kwamakhowe, hhayi iphunga elihlukile.
Moss sula ekuphekeni
Amakhowe makhulu futhi ayinyama. Kunoma iyiphi iresiphi, amakhowe e-porcini afakwa esikhundleni samakhowe asePoland, futhi abadlayo abazi ngokunambitha ukuthi kwenzeke okunye okushintshiwe. Lawa makhowe omisiwe ukuze agcinwe, anqunywe izingcezu ezincanyana eziqondile, bese efriziwe ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva.
UMotley moss
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezingavamile ezwenikazi laseYurophu. I-motley moss itholakala ngaphansi kwama-conifers, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kubhontshisi.
Isigqoko
Okungajulile, okuyi-convex, okumpunga ophuzi noma onsundu, kuyaqhekeka, kuveza ungqimba oluncane lwenyama ebomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ububanzi obungu-4 kuya ku-10 cm, lapho uvulwe ngokuphelele, inyama enhle iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane uma isikwa.
Amashubhu nama-pores
Amashubhu aphuzi aphelela kuma-pores amakhulu, ama-angular, alamula-ophuzi aguqula umnqumo ongcolile ngeminyaka. Lapho zilinyaziwe, izimbotshana zabantu abavuthiwe ziba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane.
Umlenze
Awunalutho, uphuzi ogqamile onemicu ebomvu ebomvu enikeza ukubonakala kwe-rhubarb. Lapho isikiwe, inyama yesiqu iba bomvu ngaphansi nje kwegobolondo langaphandle, kwezinye izindawo inokhilimu, ayijiki ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 mm ububanzi kanye no-4 kuye ku-8 cm ukuphakama, ububanzi buyalingana nobude bayo bonke.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore brown brown. Iphunga / ukunambitheka akuhlukile.
UMotley moss ekuphekeni
Ama-specimens avuthiwe anentshisekelo encane yokupheka ngenxa yokuthungwa kwawo okuncane. Ikhowe liyadliwa uma liphekwe kahle.
Iziphepho ezinamanga
I-Flywheel parasite
Akuyona into enobuthi, ebabayo, engathandeki ekunambithekeni, ekhula ezinsaleleni ze-pseudo-raincoat enesibindi. Isigqoko singafika ku-5 cm ububanzi, asijiki sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho sonakele.
Amakhowe we-Chestnut
I-brown-red, convex, efinyelela ku-8 cm ububanzi, ayishintshi umbala lapho isikwa. Umlenze oyisilinda ongu-3.5 x 3 cm ukufanisa ikepisi. Le flywheel iyadla, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokubilisa nokumisa. Lapho-ke umunyu uyanyamalala.
Gall mushroom
Umlenze omkhulu ufana nomlenze wekhowe le-porcini. Ububanzi bekepisi lesiponji bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-7.Inyama ebomvu iyanambitheka, ibasa ulimi. Ama-arthropods awadli noma abeke izibungu kuleli khowe.
Upelepele
Ikepisi limnyama ngokukhanyayo, liyindilinga, lifinyelela kubude obungu-7 cm.Inyama ayikhululekile, iphuzi, ibomvu ngokubomvu uma isikiwe, inambitheka ebabayo eyi-pepper. Umlenze ugobile, uyindilinga, umbala ukufanisa ikepisi, ophuzi phansi.
Izimpawu zokufaka ubuthi ngama-flywheels amanga
Wonke amakhowe wamanga awanabo ubuthi, awafi ngokusetshenziswa kwawo. Banambitha okumunyu, ngakho-ke abantu bavele bakhiphe amakhowe angamanga futhi bangawadli okuqukethwe yipuleti, noma ngabe bagcina esitsheni.
Uma wonke umuntu edle iflowwheel yamanga, khona-ke izodala ukucasuka kwamathumbu. Ukwelashwa - ukuhlanza isisu, ukudla ama-sorbents.
Ziyini izinzuzo zezempilo ze-flywheel
Yikhowe elinamakhalori aphansi elinenani eliphansi lokudla okunomsoco, kepha okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kokudla okuphekwe kanye namakhowe.
Ama-Flywheels agcina i-molybdenum, insimbi ebandakanyeka ezinqubweni eziningi emzimbeni. Futhi, imizimba ethelayo iqukethe:
- uvithamini A;
- i-calcium;
- amafutha abalulekile;
- ama-enzyme.
Emithini yesintu, amakhowe asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni. Izazi ze-Mycologists zithole ama-antibiotic emvelo enyameni yekhowe.
Kufanele kugwinywe nini ama-flywheels
Izigqoko ze-fly agaric ne-panther fly agaric ziyefana. Kukhowe elinobuthi, liyi-lamellar, ku-flyworms, liyishubhu. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlonza amakhowe, kungcono ukuthi ungawakhi amakhowe uma ungaziqondi izici ze-morphology yamakhowe.
Njengezinye izinhlobo, amakhowe anzima kumgudu wokugaya womuntu, noma ngabe esephekile. Zandisa izifo zesisu nesibindi, ukungezwani kokudla. Izingane azinawo ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla kwamakhowe, hhayi amakhowe kuphela.
Gwema ukususwa kwamakhowe eduze kwemigwaqo, izitshalo zezimboni, kanye nemizila eduze kwezinsimu zezolimo ezitshalwe ezimbonini Ama-Flywheels aqoqa kalula izinto eziyingozi futhi azigcine ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa ngokucophelela.
Ukuvuna ubulembu
Amakhowe awakwazi ukugcinwa emisha isikhathi eside, ayawohloka masinyane. Ukuze kulondolozwe isivuno sasebusika, amakhowe afriziwe, afakwe emanzini anosawoti noma omisiwe.
