Uma imamba emnyama ikumomotheka, gijima: inyoka (ephikisana nesiqinisekiso seWikipedia) inolaka kakhulu futhi ihlasela ngaphandle kokungabaza. Uma ingekho ikhambi, uzobingelela okhokho ngemizuzu engama-30.
Ukumamatheka kuka-Asp
Akubona ubufakazi benjabulo enobudlova yesirhubuluzi lapho sibona isisulu, kodwa sibonisa kuphela isici sokwakheka - ukusikwa komlomo. Lesi sakamuva, ngasendleleni, sibukeka njengemamba ehlala ihlafuna amajikijolo, iwageza ngoyinki. Umlomo, hhayi umbala wezikali, owaqamba le nyoka. Isongela, imamba ivula umlomo wayo ngobubanzi, ezinhlakeni lapho umuntu onomcabango othuthukile angalibona khona kalula ibhokisi lomngcwabo.
Ingxenye yokuqala yegama lesayensi i-Dendroaspis polylepis isitshela ngothando lwezitshalo ezinamapulangwe, lapho inyoka ivame ukuphumula khona, eyesibili ikhumbuza ukukhuphuka kwayo kwesikhumba.
Isilwane esihuquzelayo esizacile esivela emndenini we-asp, yize simelele kakhulu kunezihlobo zaso eziseduze, imamba enamakhanda amancane nohlaza.
Imingcele emaphakathi yemamba emnyama: amamitha ama-3 ubude no-2 kg wobunzima. Izazi ze-Herpetologists zikholelwa ukuthi ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoka ezindala zibonisa ubukhulu obuhle - ama-4.5 amamitha anesisindo esingu-3 kg.
Noma kunjalo, imamba emnyama ayifinyeleli kubude bemfezi yenkosi engenakuqhathaniswa, kodwa ingaphambi kwayo (njengawo wonke ama-aspids) ngokobukhulu bamazinyo anobuthi, ikhula ize ifike ku-22-23 mm.
Ebusheni, isirhubuluzi sinombala okhanyayo - isiliva noma umnqumo. Ikhula, inyoka iba mnyama, ibe ngumnqumo omnyama, iba mpunga nge-metallic sheen, iluhlaza okomnqumo, kepha ayikaze ibe mnyama!
Umnikazi werekhodi phakathi kwezinyoka
I-Dendroaspis polylepis - umnikazi ongafakwanga iziqu eziningana ezishaqisayo:
- Inyoka enesihlungu kunazo zonke e-Afrika (futhi enenye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni).
- Inyoka ende kunazo zonke e-Afrika.
- Umenzi wenhlungu yenyoka osebenza ngokushesha kakhulu.
- Inyoka enobuthi esheshayo emhlabeni.
Isihloko sokugcina siqinisekiswe yiGuinness Book of Records, ethi isilwane esihuquzelayo siyashesha sifike ku-16-19 km / h ebangeni elifushane.
Kuyiqiniso, kwirekhodi elirekhodwe ngokusemthethweni lika-1906, kukhonjiswa izibalo ezilinganiselwe ngaphezulu: i-11 km / h engxenyeni yamamitha angama-43 kwenye yezindawo ezigcinwe eMpumalanga Afrika.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye esempumalanga yezwekazi, imamba emnyama itholakala ngobuningi ezifundeni zayo ezisenkabeni naseningizimu.
Le ndawo ihlanganisa i-Angola, iBurkina Faso, iBotswana, iCentral African Republic, iSenegal, i-Eritrea, iGuinea, iMali, iGuinea-Bissau, i-Ethiopia, iCameroon, iCote d'Ivoire, iMalawi, iKenya, iMozambique, iNingizimu Afrika, iNamibia, iSomalia, iTanzania. , Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Republic of Congo kanye neZimbabwe.
Inyoka ihlala emahlathini, amathafa, ezigodini zemifula enezihlahla ezomile namathambeka anamatshe. Isihlahla noma isihlahlana sisebenza njengendawo yokulala elangeni yemamba egcotshwa elangeni, kepha, njengomthetho, ikhetha indawo yomhlaba, ishibilika phakathi kwezitshalo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, inyoka ingena igudle izindunduma zomuhlwa ezindala noma izishiye izihlahla.
Indlela yokuphila emnyama yemamba
Ama-laurels ombambisi we-Dendroaspis polylepis angaka-herpetologist odumile u-Albert Gunter. Wathola ukutholakala kwakhe ngo-1864, enikeza incazelo yale nyoka ngemigqa engu-7 kuphela. Sekuyikhulu nengxenye ulwazi lwesintu ngalesi silwane esibulalayo lucebile kakhulu.
Manje siyazi ukuthi inyoka emnyama yemamba idla izibankwa, izinyoni, umuhlwa, nezinye izinyoka, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo: amagundane, ama-hyrax (afana nezingulube zeginea), i-galago (efana nama-lemurs), ama-elephant jumpers namalulwane.
Isirhubuluzi siyazingela emini, siqamekele futhi silume kuze kube yilapho isisulu sikhipha umoya wokugcina. Ukugaya isisulu kuthatha usuku noma ngaphezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zingabalwa ngakwesinye isandla:
- odla izinyoka (krachun);
- i-mongoose (ingavikelekile kubuthi);
- inaliti yenyoka (mehelya capensis), enesifo sokuzivikela esivela ku-toxin.
Izimamba ezimnyama zikhona zodwa kuze kube yisikhathi sokuthola inzalo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Entwasahlobo, umlingani uthola owesifazane "ngephunga" lezimfihlo, ebheka ukuzala ... ngolimi oluhlola umzimba wakhe ngokuphelele.
Ikakhulukazi abalingani bezocansi bavusa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabesilisa: bayasondelana ekuhlanganeni okusondelene, bezama ukugcina ikhanda labo ngaphezu kwekhanda lomphikisi. Ukunqotshwa ngamahloni kukhasa kude.
Maphakathi nehlobo, imamba ekhulelisiwe izalela amaqanda (6-17), okuthe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2.5-3, izimamba ezimnyama zichamiseleke - kusukela ekuzalweni "zithweswe" ubuthi be-heirloom futhi zikwazi ukuthola ukudla.
Iningi lamawundlu lifa ngenkathi yokuqala kubazingeli, izifo kanye nezandla zomuntu ezizizingelayo.
Ayikho imininingwane mayelana nempilo yemamba emnyama endle, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi e-terrarium omunye wabamele lolu hlobo waphila iminyaka eyi-11.
Ukulunywa imamba emnyama
Uma ume ngokungazi endleleni yakhe, uzokuluma ekuhambeni, okungenzeka ekuqaleni kungabonwa.
Cabanga ngokuziphatha okusongelayo kwenyoka njengesipho sokudalelwa (okufaka i-hood phezulu, ukukhulisa umzimba nokuvula umlomo ubanzi): kulokhu, unethuba lokuhlehla ngaphambi kokuphonsa okubulalayo.
Ukuluma, isirhubuluzi siyakwazi ukujova kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-400 mg we-toxin, u-10 mg wawo (uma ingekho i-serum) unikeza umphumela obulalayo.
Kepha okokuqala, ogulayo uzohamba kuyo yonke imibuthano yesihogo ngezinhlungu ezivuthayo, ukuvuvukala kokugxila kokulunywa kanye necrosis yezicubu zendawo. Bese kuba ukunambitheka ongaziwa emlonyeni, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ububomvu bezinambuzane zamehlo.
Ubuthi beMamba emnyama benziwa ngokweqile:
- ama-neurotoxin;
- i-cardiotoxins;
- umabhebhana.
Futhi ezinye zibhekwa njengezonakalisa kakhulu: zibangela ukukhubazeka nokuboshwa ngokuphefumula. Ukuphela kokulawulwa komzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane (kusuka engxenyeni yehora kuye emahoreni amaningana).
Ngemuva kokuluma, kuyadingeka ukuthi wenze ngokushesha - kunethuba lalowo onikezwe ikhambi futhi exhunywe kuzinto zokuphefumula ezingezona ezangempela.
Kepha lezi ziguli azigcinwa njalo: ngokwezibalo zase-Afrika U-10-15% walabo abathole i-antidote ngesikhathi bayafa. Kepha uma ingekho i-serum esandleni, ukufa kwesisulu akunakugwenywa.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya
Yebo, ama-mamba amnyama asabekayo akhuliswa hhayi kuphela kuma-zoo wombuso: kukhona ama-eccentrics agcina lezi zinyoka ezindlini zazo.
U-Arslan Valeev, omunye wama-terrariumist aqine isibindi futhi onolwazi kakhulu, olayisha ngokuhlelekile amavidiyo ngama-mamba akhe ku-YouTube, weluleka ngokuqinile ukuzalanisa ekhaya.
Ngokusho kukaValeev, imamba ephunyukile izoshesha ngokushesha ifuna umnikazi ukuze imbulale, futhi uzofunda ngokuphunyuka kwakhe ngokuluma kombani lapho engena ekamelweni.
Umphathi wezinyoka uxwayisa ukuthi ukushintshwa kwekhanda le-asp kungenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, bese kuthi ukuthamba ngokuphelele (njengoba kubonakala kuwe) isilwane esihuquzelayo sizokumemezela isigwebo bese sisifeza ngokushesha.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-terrarium
Uma lezi zimpikiswano zingakukhuthazi, khumbula ukuthi yini edingekayo ukugcina izimamba ezimnyama ekhaya.
Okokuqala nje, i-terrarium enamandla enezicabha zangaphambili ezibonakalayo ukuze ubone okwenzekayo ngaphakathi. Amapharamitha wenyoka ehlala ne-valve yesango:
- ukuphakama okungekho ngaphansi kwemitha eli-1;
- ukujula 0.6-0.8 m;
- ububanzi bungamamitha ama-2.
Okwesibili, amahlathi aminyene (aphilayo noma afakelwayo) kuma-snags nasemagatsheni azosiza izinyoka ukuzivumelanisa nokuthunjwa. Amagatsha azovikela nabantu abanolaka ngokweqile noma abanamahloni ekulimaleni ngengozi.
Okwesithathu, noma yiziphi izinto ngobuningi ziye ezansi: izimamba ezimnyama zine-metabolism esheshayo, futhi iphephandaba ngeke livumelane nazo.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivuswa kalula ngokuphathwa okuncane emgodini wazo, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlanza ngokushesha ama-mamba nge-terrarium futhi njalo kumagilavu akhethekile angamelana namazinyo amade enyoka.
Ithempelesha
Ku-terrarium enkulu, kulula ukugcina ingemuva lokushisa elidingekayo - cishe ama-degree angama-26. Ikhona elifudumele kufanele lishise lifike kuma-degree angama-30. Akufanele kubanda kuneziqu ezingama-24 ebusuku.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isibani (ngokuqondene nazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemhlabeni) 10% UVB.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezimamba kwenzeka njengokujwayelekile - kathathu ngesonto. Le mvamisa ingenxa yesikhathi sokugaya okuphelele, okungamahora angama-24-36.
Ukudla kwabathunjiwe kulula: izinyoni (izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto) namagundane amancane.
Imamba egcwele ngokweqile izokhafula, ngakho-ke ungayidluli. Futhi esinye isikhumbuzi: ungayondli inyoka ngodlawana - ihamba ngejubane lombani futhi ayiphuthelwa.
Amanzi
I-Dendroaspis polylepis idinga ukufafazwa njalo. Uma uvilapha ukwenza lokhu, beka ophuzayo. AmaMamba awawaphuzi amanzi kaningi, esebenzisa isitsha sokuphuza njengendlu yangasese, kodwa amanzi kusamele abekhona.
Uma ungafuni ukukhipha izingcezu zesikhumba esidala emsileni wesilwane esihuquzelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ufafaza inyoka ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
IMamba ivuthwa ngokocansi ineminyaka emithathu. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Dendroaspis polylepis ekuthunjweni kungumcimbi ongavamile. Kuze kube manje, kuphela amacala amabili okuzala okusemthethweni kwenzalo "yasenyakatho" eyaziwayo: lokhu kwenzeke eTropicario Zoo (Helsinki) ehlobo lika-2010 nasentwasahlobo ka-2012.
Ungathenga kuphi
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzothola umthengisi wemamba emnyama ezimakethe zezinkukhu noma esitolo sezilwane. Izinkundla zeTerrarium nezokuxhumana nabantu kuzokusiza. Ukuze ungangeni enkingeni, hlola ngokucophelela umthengisi (ikakhulukazi uma ehlala kwelinye idolobha) - cela abangani bakho futhi uqiniseke ngobukhona benyoka yangempela.
Kungcono uma uthatha isilwane esihuquzelayo ngokwakho: kulokhu, uzokwazi ukusihlola ngezifo ezingenzeka futhi unqabe isilwane esigulayo.
Kubi kakhulu uma inyoka ebiza phakathi kuka- $ 1,000 kuya ku- $ 10,000 ihambela kuwe ngeposi leposi esitimeleni. Noma yini ingenzeka emgwaqeni, kufaka phakathi ukufa kwesirhubuluzi. Kepha ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe yile ndlela ikusasa elizokusindisa ngayo ekuqabukeni okubulalayo kwemamba emnyama.
