Cat ushaka - uhlobo lohlobo lwe-karharin-like. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezifundwe kahle zalolu hlobo yi-cat shark ejwayelekile. Uhlala olwandle olugudle ugu lwaseYurophu, futhi nangaphandle kogu lwase-Afrika ezingqimbeni zamanzi kusuka phezulu kuye phansi - ukujula kwendawo yokuhlala okungamamitha ayi-800.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cat Shark
Ukuvela kokhokho basendulo bakashaka kubangelwa isikhathi seSilurian, izinsalela zabo zitholakale ezingxenyeni zasendulo cishe zeminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-410-420. Kutholakale inani elikhulu lamafomu okuphila abengaba okhokho boshaka, futhi alitholakali ngokuthembekile ukuthi avela kubani ngempela. Ngakho-ke, yize kunenqwaba yokutholwa kwezinhlanzi zasendulo ezinjengama-placoderms nama-hibodus, ukuvela kokuqala koshaka akufundiswanga kahle, futhi okuningi kusaziwa kuze kube namuhla. Kuphela ngesikhathi se-Triassic, konke kucaca kakhulu: ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo ezihlobene ngqo noshaka sezivele zihlala emhlabeni.
Abazange basinde kuze kube yilolu suku futhi behluke kakhulu koshaka besimanje, kepha noma kunjalo lo superorder wafinyelela ukuchuma. Oshaka bavela kancane kancane: ukubalwa kwama-vertebrae kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi baqala ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu; ubuchopho bakhula ngenxa yezifunda ezibhekene nomuzwa wephunga; amathambo emihlathi aguqulwa. Zaba izidlova eziphelele ngokwengeziwe. Konke lokhu kwabasiza ukuthi baphile ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene, lapho ingxenye enkulu yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu yamane yanyamalala. Oshaka ngemuva kwakhe, kunalokho, bafinyelela ekuchumeni okukhulu nakakhulu: ukuqothulwa kwezinye izidalwa zasemanzini kwabakhulula imichilo emisha yemvelo, abaqala ukuyithatha.
Ividiyo: Cat Shark
Futhi ukuze benze lokhu, kwakudingeka baphinde bashintshe okuningi: kungaleso sikhathi lapho iningi lezinhlobo ezisaphila eMhlabeni zakhiwa. Owokuqala womndeni wekati oshaka, noma kunjalo, uvele phambilini: eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-110 edlule. Kubukeka sengathi kuvela kuye ukuthi amanye ama-karharin afana nawo avela. Ngenxa yasendulo, izinhlobo eziningi zalo mndeni sezivele zingasekho. Ngenhlanhla, ushaka ojwayelekile wekati akasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Umhlobo lo wachazwa ngu-K. Linnaeus ngomnyaka ka-1758, ibizo lesiLatin ngu-Scyliorhinus canicula. Kuyindida ukuthi uma ngesiRashiya igama lihlotshaniswa nekati, khona-ke igama elithile ngesiLatini livela egameni elithi canis, okungukuthi, inja.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma oshaka be-feline besengozini, bazifaka ngokugcwalisa izisu zabo. Ukwenza lokhu, oshaka babhoda ngohlamvu U, bazibambela umsila ngomlomo bese bemunca emanzini noma emoyeni. Ngemuva kokuphambuka okulandelayo, ikhipha imisindo ephezulu efana nokukhonkotha.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ushaka wekati
Incane ngobude, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-60-75 cm, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumitha. Isisindo esingu-1-1.5 kg, kubantu abakhulu kunabo bonke 2 kg. Vele, uma kuqhathaniswa noshaka abakhulu impela, lawa sayizi abukeka emancane kakhulu, futhi le nhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi igcinwa ngisho nasemanzini. Usadinga isitsha esikhulu, kepha umnikazi wakhe angaziqhayisa ngoshaka ophilayo wangempela, noma ngabe mncane, kepha empeleni unakho kakhulu okungekho noshaka. Noma kungenjalo njengokudla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomlomo omfishane oyindilinga. Azikho amaphiko avelele, isici soshaka abakhulu, abasathuthuki kangako.
Umphetho we-caudal mude uma uqhathaniswa nomzimba. Amehlo kashaka wekati awanalo ulwelwesi olucwayizayo. Amazinyo akhe mancane futhi awahlukile ngobukhali, kepha maningi, atholakala emhlathini womhlathi ngomugqa. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi amazinyo abo makhulu. Umzimba wezinhlanzi umbozwe izikali ezincane, kunzima kakhulu, uma uwuthinta, umuzwa uzofana nokuthinta i-sandpaper. Umbala we-cat shark unesihlabathi, kunezindawo eziningi ezimnyama emzimbeni. Isisu sakhe sikhanya, kunezindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu noma azikho kuwo.
Ezinye izinhlobo, nazo ezohlobo lohlobo lwe-feline shark, zingahluka ngombala, kanye nobude bazo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zaseNingizimu Afrika zikhula zifike ku-110-120 cm, umbala wazo umnyama, futhi kunemigqa echazwe kahle eguqukayo emzimbeni. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo ziyahlukahluka: ezinye kuyaqabukela zikhule zifike ku-40 cm, ezinye zikhule ziye ku-160 cm oncomekayo. Ngokunjalo, indlela yabo yokuphila, indlela abaziphatha ngayo, ukudla kwabo, izitha zabo zihlukile - lapha, ngaphandle kwalapho kuboniswe ngenye indlela, kuchazwa ushaka ojwayelekile wekati.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka wekati?
Isithombe: Cat shark olwandle
Ikakhulu emanzini azungeze iYurophu, kufaka phakathi:
- ULwandle iBaltic aluvamile;
- Ulwandle Olusenyakatho;
- Ulwandle lwase-Ireland;
- IBay of Biscay;
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- Ulwandle lwaseMarmara.
Itholakala futhi eNtshonalanga Afrika yonke indlela eya eGuinea. Enyakatho, umkhawulo wokusatshalaliswa ugu lwaseNorway, olunezimbalwa zazo, kepha amanzi aba manzi kakhulu ngalezi zinhlobo. Akahlali oLwandle Olumnyama, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi uyabhukuda, futhi ubonakala eduze nogu lwaseTurkey. OLwandle iMedithera, iningi lalezi zinhlanzi litholakala eduze kwaseSardinia naseCorsica: mhlawumbe, endaweni eseduze nalezi ziqhingi kunezindawo eliziveza kuzo.
Enye indawo yokuhlushwa koshaka bekati eduze nogu olusentshonalanga yeMorocco. Ngokuvamile, zivamile emanzini alele ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo, ngoba azithandi isimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu. Bahlala ezansi, ngakho-ke bahlala emashalofini lapho ukujula kungashoni khona: bazizwa bekhululeke kakhudlwana ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70-100 Kodwa bangaphila bobabili ekujuleni okungashoni - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-8-10, futhi kokukhudlwana - kuze kufike ku-800 m. Imvamisa oshaka abancane bahlala kude nasogwini, ekujuleni okukhulu, futhi njengoba bekhula, basondela kancane kancane kulo. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalanisa, zibhukuda olwandle ziye ngqo emngceleni weshalofu, ziye endaweni lapho bazalelwa khona uqobo.
Bahlala ezindaweni ezinendawo enamadwala noma enesihlabathi, bathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinosilika lapho kukhula khona ulwelwe oluningi namakhorali athambile - lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezingane. Ezinye izinhlobo zoshaka bekati zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, zihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle. Isibonelo, abaningana bahlala oLwandle lweCaribbean ngasikhathi sinye: iCaribbean cat shark, iBahamian, Central American. AmaJapane atholakala ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Asia, njalonjalo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona ushaka wekati. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa ngukhaka katsi?
Isithombe: Black Cat Shark
Ukudla kwale nhlanzi kuhlukahlukene futhi kufaka cishe zonke izilwane ezincane ezingazibamba kuphela.
Lezi yizinto ezincane eziphilayo ezansi, njenge:
- izinkalankala;
- imfanzi;
- izimbaza;
- ama-echinoderms;
- tunicates;
- izikelemu polychaete.
Kepha imenyu yalaba oshaka isuselwa kuzinhlanzi ezincane nama-decapod. Njengoba zikhula, ukwakheka kokudla kuyashintsha: abantu abasha ikakhulukazi badla ama-crustaceans amancane, futhi abantu abadala bavame ukubamba ama-mollusk nama-decapods amakhulu nezinhlanzi.
Amazinyo abo aguqulelwe kahle ukuluma ngamagobolondo. Oshaka abakhulu be-feline bavame ukuzingela i-squid ne-octopus - ngisho nesilwane esilingana nosayizi singaba yisisulu sabo. Kwesinye isikhathi banolaka ngokweqile futhi bazama ukonga inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, futhi leyo mizamo ingaqeda kabi kubo. Ukuhlaselwa ngokwako kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuqamekela, ukuzama ukubamba isisulu ngesikhathi esingesihle neze kuye. Uma lokhu kungaphumeleli, futhi wakwazi ukubaleka, imvamisa abayi ukulandela, yize kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokuhlukile uma ushaka ulambe kakhulu. Futhi kulezi zimo, ingondla izibungu zezinye izimpilo zasolwandle, noma imvamisa iziziba.
Imenyu yekati kashaka ifaka nokudla kwezitshalo: ulwelwe nezinhlobo eziningana zamakhorali athambile, yingakho ihlala ihlala ezindaweni ezicebile kuhlaza olunjalo. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo azibambiqhaza elikhulu ekudleni kwazo. Ehlobo, le nhlanzi idla ngentshiseko enkulu kunasebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengoba abacwaningi baseCranfield University bathole, oshaka be-feline baphendula emiklomelweni yokudla futhi bafuna ukukuthola, benza izinto ezifanayo abazenza ngaphambi kokuthi bondliwe. Bakhumbula lokhu isikhathi eside, kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Asian Cat Shark
Laba oshaka abalithandi ilanga, futhi lapho lilenga phezulu ngaphezu komkhathizwe, bakhetha ukuphumula ezansi ezindaweni zokukhosela futhi bathole amandla. Izindawo zokukhosela ezinjalo ziyimihume engaphansi kwamanzi, izinqwaba zezingqinamba noma amahlathi. Kuphela lapho kuhwalala lapho baqala khona ukuzingela, futhi inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi wabo livela ebusuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanakho ukubona ebusuku, futhi impela athuthukisiwe kahle, kepha bathembele kwesinye isitho somqondo. Lawa ama-receptors (ama-ampoules aseLorenzini) atholakala ebusweni. Yonke into ephilayo edlula ngendlela engenakugwenywa idala imizwa kagesi, futhi oshaka ngosizo lwalezi zinto ezamukelayo bayayibamba futhi babone ngokunembile indawo yezilwane.
Bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu: bayakwazi ukwenza amadeshi asheshayo, bashintshe ngokuzumayo indlela, banokuphendula okuhle kakhulu. Isikhathi esiningi sobusuku zibhukuda kancane kancane endaweni yokukhosela kwazo ezansi futhi zibheke inyamazane. Bahlasela encane ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuhlasela enkulu, bangacathamela balinde kuze kufike umzuzu omuhle kakhulu. Imvamisa bazingela bodwa, kepha hhayi njalo: kwenzeka kubo ukubuthana emihlambini, ikakhulukazi ukuze bazingele ndawonye izilwane ezinkulu. Kepha imihlambi enjalo imvamisa ayihlali isikhathi eside: isikhathi esiningi, oshaka bekati bahlala bodwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaningana bahlala eduze futhi bazwana. Izingxabano zingenzeka phakathi koshaka bekati, futhi ezimweni ezinjalo, omunye wabo uxoshela omunye kude. Yize benemvelo enobudlova, abayingozi kubantu: amazinyo abo mancane kakhulu ukuthi angadala umonakalo omkhulu, futhi abahlaseli kuqala. Noma umuntu ebhukuda esondela kakhulu futhi ehlupha ushaka wekati, ngokunokwenzeka, umane ubhukude uhambe ucashe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Coral Cat Shark
Oshaka bakaFeline bahlala bodwa, kuyaqabukela futhi babuthane kafushane ngamaqembu amancane, ngakho-ke, abanakho ukwakheka komphakathi. Zingazala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, imvamisa kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. Isibonelo, oLwandle iMedithera, ukuzala kwenzeka entwasahlobo, nakwabanye abantu ekupheleni konyaka. Enyakatho yebanga labo, ukuzala kuqala ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi kungahlala kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo; ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika, oshaka bokuqala bazala ngoFebhuwari, futhi owokugcina ngo-Agasti - njalonjalo, lesi sikhathi singawela ezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene.
Kunoma ikuphi, insikazi izalela amaqanda isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Imvamisa kuba nezingu-10-20 zazo, zinama-capsule aqinile, zinokuma okuqinile: zinobude obungu-5 cm nobude obungu-2 cm kuphela. Emaphethelweni alawa ma-capsule, imicu efinyelela ku-100 cm ubude, ngosizo lwawo, amaqanda anamathela entweni njengetshe noma ulwelwe. Ukukhula kombungu ngaphakathi kwe-capsule kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-5-10, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi kuhlala kungavikelekile. Ekuqaleni, kuyasiza ukuthi icace, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukukuqaphela emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho, kancane kancane, iba ubisi, futhi ngaphambi nje kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuthuthuka, iba phuzi, noma ithole nombala onsundu.
Kuleli qophelo, umbungu usengozini enkulu. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchamuselwa, ubude bethanga bungu-8 cm noma ngaphezulu - ngokuthakazelisayo, bakhulu emanzini abandayo kunalawo afudumele. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zifana nabantu abadala, amabala kuphela makhulu kakhulu maqondana nosayizi womzimba. Ekuqaleni, badla izinsalela zesikhwama se-yolk, kodwa kungekudala kufanele bazifunele ukudla bodwa. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi ziba yizilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye. Bangazala kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala, ngalesi sikhathi oshaka abancane bekati bakhula bafike kuma-40 cm. Baphila iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka besifazane
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ushaka wekati
Amaqanda kanye nefry asengozini enkulu, kepha ngokungafani nozakwabo abakhulu, ngisho noshaka wekati omdala akwanele ukwesaba noma ngubani olwandle. Kuzingelwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi i-Atlantic cod - lesi yisitha sayo esibi kakhulu.
Inokuphakama okuphawulekayo ngosayizi nesisindo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu: kunamanzi amaningi kuwo lapho kuhlala khona ushaka wekati. Ngaphezu kwe-cod, izitha zabo ezivamile zikhona abanye oshaka, abakhulu. Njengomthetho, bayashesha, ngakho-ke ushaka wekati angafihla kubo kuphela.
Baningi abafuna ukudla nabo, ngakho-ke impilo yalezi zilwane eziyingozi iyingozi kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuzingela badinga ukuqapha isimo esibazungezile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze bangazitholi ngengozi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinambuzane eziningi phakathi kwezitha zazo. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo: i-kinetoplastids yezinhlobo eziningana, ama-cestode, ama-monogeneans, ama-nematode nama-trematode, ama-copepods.
Abantu nabo bayingozi kubo, kepha hhayi kakhulu: imvamisa ababanjwa ngenhloso. Bangabanjwa ngamanetha noma ngesithiyelo, kepha bavame ukudedelwa ngoba inyama yalaba oshaka ithathwa njengenganambitheki. Ushaka wekati uyaqina futhi, noma ngabe ulinyazwe yihhuku, cishe uhlala esinda ezimweni ezinjalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Cat Shark
Zisakazekile futhi zinesimo esiphansi sokukhathazeka. Azinanani lokuhweba, yize, ngenxa yenani lazo elikhulu nendawo ezihlala kuyo ekujuleni okujule kakhulu, zivame ukubanjwa njenge-by-catch. Lokhu akunamthelela omubi ezinombolweni, ngoba zivame ukuphonswa olwandle. Noma kungenjalo njalo: abanye abantu bayayithanda inyama yabo, kunezindawo lapho kubhekwa njengesibiliboco, noma ngabe kunephunga. Ziphinde zikhiqize inhlama yokudoba futhi zithathwa njengezinye zezithiyo zokudoba ama-lobster ezihamba phambili. Noma kunjalo, usizo lwe-cat shark lilinganiselwe impela, okulungele lona uqobo: inani lalezi zinhlobo lihlala lizinzile.
Kepha ezinye izinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo zisondele endaweni esengozini. Isibonelo, i-stellate cat shark ibanjwa ngenkuthalo, ngenxa yalokho isibalo sayo ezindaweni ezithile zoLwandle iMedithera sehle saya ezingeni eliphansi. Kunjalo naseNingizimu Afrika. Isimo sezinhlobo eziningi asaziwa nje, ngoba azifundiswanga kangako kanti abacwaningi abakaze bakwazi ukuthola ububanzi bazo nobuningi bazo - mhlawumbe ezinye zazo ziyivelakancane futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukugcina ushaka wekati e-aquarium, kufanele kube yivolumu enkulu kakhulu: ngenhlanzi endala, ubuncane ngamalitha ayi-1,500, futhi okungcono kusondele kumalitha ayi-3,000. Uma kukhona eziningana zazo, ngakho-ke kulowo nalowo olandelayo udinga ukwengeza amanye amalitha angama-500.
Amanzi kufanele apholile, ebangeni le-10-16 ° C, futhi kungcono kakhulu uma kuhlale kushisa okufanayo. Uma amanzi efudumala kakhulu, ukuzivikela kwezinhlanzi kuzohlupheka, isikhunta nezifo eziphila njalo kuzoqala ukuyihlasela, izodla kancane. Ukuqeda ama-parasites, ushaka udinga ukuhlanza isikhumba, afake ama-antibiotic futhi akhuphule izinga likasawoti emanzini.
Cat ushaka ushaka omncane ongenabungozi kubantu, kwesinye isikhathi okugcinwa ngisho nasezindaweni zasemanzini. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, lesi yisidli sangempela, ngokuvamile sikhumbuza wonke umuntu ngezihlobo zayo ezinkulu - ushaka onjalo omncane. Kungenxa yesibonelo sakhe lapho abacwaningi befunda ukukhula kombungu koshaka.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.12.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 01/13/2020 ngo-21: 15
