Inkalankala yaseKamchatka empeleni umdlavuza. Lokhu kungubunikazi bezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Igama wanikwa lona ngokufana kwangaphandle nezinkalankala. Zimfushane kune-crayfish, zinesisu esincane, zintula umsila futhi zihamba eceleni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi umdlavuza waziwa ngokuthanda ukuxhasa. Njengoba izinhlobo zaseKamchatka zifana nenkalankala, kungokwenhlobo yezinkalankala. Abanye bahlukanisa njengesigaba esiphakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili ze-arthropods.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-Kamchatka crab
Uhlobo lolo lubizwa ngobukhosi. Uma igama eliyinhloko likhombisa indawo ye-arthropod, khona-ke umbono wesibili ku ubukhulu benkalankala yenkosi... Ifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-29.
I-plus iyizitho zemitha ezi-1-1.5. Ngenxa yobude bazo, lesi silwane saseKamchatka sibizwa nangokuthi inkalankala yesicabucabu. Isisindo esiphelele sesilwane sifinyelela kuma-7 kilogram. Ezinye izici zenkalankala yaseKamchatka zifaka:
- amapheya amahlanu emilenze, owodwa wawo ongathuthuki futhi ofihlwe emigodini yezinkukhu ukuze uwahlanze ngemfucumfucu engena ngaphakathi
- amaphini angaphambili athuthukiswe ngokungalingani, okulungile kukhulu futhi kuhloselwe ukwephula amagobolondo ezilwane, kanti kwesobunxele sincane futhi sithatha indawo yesipuni sokudla
- Izimpondo isici crayfish
- umbala onsundu onezimpawu ezinsomi ezinhlangothini nombala ophuzi wesisu
- i-dimorphism yezocansi eveziwe - abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi banesisindo esiyindilinga kunesisu esingunxantathu
- phezulu kwe-carapace embozwe ngemicu eyindilinga, ebanzi kancane kunobude
- umgogodla oqondiswe ngaphambili ku-rostrum, okusho isifunda se-thoracic se-carapace
- imiqolo eyisithupha engxenyeni emaphakathi yegobolondo ngemuva, ngokungafani nemiphunga emi-4 esihlotsheni esiseduze sohlobo lweKamchatka, inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- amapuleti angajwayelekile amboza isisu se-arthropod
- umsila othambile, okhombisa ukuthi ungowenkalankala enomsila othambile, ofaka nezimila zemifula
Kanye ngonyaka, inkalankala yaseKamchatka ichitha igobolondo layo. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-arthropod entsha, ikhula ngenkuthalo. Ngokuguga, abanye abantu bashintsha i-carapace yabo njalo eminyakeni emibili. I-crayfish encane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-molt kabili ngonyaka.
Hhayi nje kuphela igobolondo langaphandle eliguqukayo, kepha futhi nezindonga ezinomsoco ku-esophagus, inhliziyo, isisu sesilwane. Igobolondo lenkalankala yenkosi yakhiwa nge-chitin. Ifundwe eMoscow Institute of Biophysics kusukela ngo-1961. Khitin ososayensi abanentshisekelo njengo:
- Izinto ezingamunceka zemisipha yokuhlinzwa.
- Udayi wezindwangu.
- Isengezo ephepheni esithuthukisa ukusebenza kwephepha.
- Ingxenye yezidakamizwa ezisiza ekuvezeni imisebe.
EVladivostok naseMurmansk, kukhiqizwa i-chitose (i-polysaccharide efana ne-cellulose) kusuka ku-chitin esikalini sezimboni. Kusungulwe amafemu akhethekile emadolobheni.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala nonkala yaseKamchatka ulwandle. Njengomdlavuza, i-arthropod ingahlala emifuleni. Kepha izinkalankala zeqiniso zihlala olwandle kuphela. Ezindaweni ezisolwandle, izinkalankala zaseKamchatka zikhetha:
- izindawo ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi noma esinodaka
- ukujula kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-270
- amanzi apholile anosawoti ophakathi nendawo
Ngokwemvelo, inkalankala yenkosi iyisidididi. I-arthropod ihamba njalo. Umzila ulungisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngawo-1930, umdlavuza waphoqeleka ukuba ushintshe imizila yawo yokufuduka ejwayelekile.
Kungenelele owesilisa. E-USSR, inkalankala yaseKamchatka yayiwukuthengiselwa ukuthekelisa. Emanzini omdabu, i-arthropod yabanjwa ngabadobi baseJapan abangomakhelwane. Ukuze kungabikho izimbangi zokubamba, ama-arthropods ayiswa oLwandle lwaseBarents:
- Umzamo wokuqala wenzeka ngo-1932. UJoseph Sachs uthenge izinkalankala eziyishumi eziphilayo eVladivostok. Udokotela wezilwane wayefuna ukuhola izilwane olwandle, kodwa waphumelela kuphela emotweni yezimpahla yesitimela. Umdlavuza wesifazane oqine kakhulu ushonele emnyango weKrasnoyarsk. Isifanekiso sithathiwe esithombeni. Inkalankala yaseKamchatka ilele kujantshi wesitimela endaweni engajwayelekile yalo.
- Ngo-1959, banquma ukuletha izinkalankala ngendiza, bechitha imali kwimishini esekela impilo yamathambo ngesikhathi sendiza. Abazange bayeke imali, babeke isikhathi sokuhamba ekuvakasheni kukaMongameli wase-United States. Ukuvakasha kwakhe kukhanseliwe, kanye nokuthuthwa kwe-crayfish.
- Ekwindla ka-1960, isazi sezilwane u-Yuri Orlov wakwazi ukuletha izinkalankala eMurmansk ziphila, kepha wehluleka ukuzikhipha ngenxa yokubambezeleka okuphethe. Ukwamukelwa kwamukelwa kuphela ngo-1961.
- Ngo-1961 ofanayo, u-Orlov nethimba lakhe baletha izinkalankala ezintsha eMurmansk, bazidedisela oLwandle iBarents.
OLwandle lwaseBarents, inkosi yenkalankala yazala ngempumelelo. Kwakukhona izimbangi futhi. Abantu be-arthropod bafinyelela ogwini lwaseNorway. Manje sekuqhudelana neRussia ngokubanjwa kwenkalankala. Iphinde incintisane emanzini amasha ne:
- haddock
- i-flounder
- ikhodi
- i-catfish emthende
Inkalankala isusa lezi zinhlobo ezibalwe ohlwini, ngasinye sazo esokuhweba. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zokuthuthela lezi zinhlobo zilinganiselwe. Abantu baseCanada nabo bayavumelana nalokhu. Inkalankala yenkosi yalethwa osebeni lwawo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Izinhlobo ze-crab yaseKamchatka
Akukho ukuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwenkalankala yenkosi. Ngokujwayelekile, umbono wasebukhosini uhlukaniswe ngokwendawo:
- Inkosi inenkalankala yezinzipho futhi uyena omkhulu kunabo bonke ogwini lwaseCanada. Ububanzi begobolondo le-arthropods lendawo lifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-29.
- Abantu abavela oLwandle iBarents banosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ububanzi be-carapace ye-arthropods abudluli amasentimitha angama-25.
- Izinkalankala zenkosi emanzini oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk naseLwandle lwaseJapan zincane kunezinye, azivamile ukudlula amasentimitha angama-22 ububanzi.
Ngasogwini lwaseKamchatka, iSakhalin kanye ne-Kuril Islands, i-royal crayfish incane ngenxa yokuhlangana. I-crab encane yeqhwa nayo ihlala eduze kwabantu bezentengiselwano.
Inkalankala yaseKamchatka endle
Izinhlobo ziyahlangana, zinikeze inzalo esebenzayo, zixuba ichibi lofuzo. Isici sesibili ekukhuleni kwenkalankala ukushisa kwamanzi. Iphakeme kakhulu ngasogwini lwaseMelika. Ngakho-ke, ama-arthropods akhula ngokushesha, athole ubukhulu obuningi.
Ukondleka kwenkalankala yaseKamchatka
I-arthropod iwukudla okumangalisayo, kepha ibona ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela lapho kunesilwane esishodayo. I-Kamchatka crab yandulela, ukubamba:
- ama-hydroids, okuyi-invertebrates yasemanzini
- ama-crustaceans
- ama-sea urchins
- zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi
- izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-gobies
Inkalankala yenkosi nayo izingela i-starfish. Ama-octopus nama-sea otters "abeka amehlo" kuma-arthropods asebukhosini ngokwawo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlobene, ama-arthropods aseKamchatka ayesaba inkalankala engunxantathu. Nokho, isitha esiyinhloko iqhawe lesi sihloko - indoda. Uyayazisa inyama yezilwane, engeyona engezansi kunambitha nempilo yama-lobster.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-Kamchatka crayfish ivuthwa ngokocansi iba neminyaka eyi-8-10 uma kwenzeka kwabesilisa naku-5-7 uma kwenzeka kwabesifazane. Ama-arthropod ezinhlobo aphila cishe iminyaka engama-20-23.
Umjikelezo wokuzalisa inkalankala yenkosi ume kanje:
- Ebusika, ama-arthropods aya ekujuleni, alinde amakhaza lapho.
- Entwasahlobo, izinkalankala zigijimela emanzini afudumele asogwini, bese zilungiselela ukuzalela.
- Owesifazane ovundisiwe ulungisa iqoqo lokuqala lamaqanda emilenzeni yesisu, bese egcina elesibili esibelethweni.
- Lapho izinkalankala zichanyuselwa emaqandeni emilenzeni yensikazi, ihambisa iqanda lesibili lamaqanda liye ezingalweni.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, inkalankala yensikazi yaseKamchatka izalela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Isinda cishe ngo-10%. Okunye kudliwa yizilwane zasolwandle.
Ungayipheka kanjani inkalankala yaseKamchatka
Intengo yenkalankala yaseKamchatka kufakazela ukubaluleka kwayo, ubumnandi. Ikhilogremu lezidladla ze-arthropod eVladivostok libiza cishe ama-ruble angama-450. Kwezinye izifunda ama-phalanxes we-crab yenkosi ibiza kakhulu.
Amakhilogremu womzimba womdlavuza wasebukhosini abiza ngaphezu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Lokhu kwenzelwa izimpahla ezintsha. Inkalankala yaseKamchatka iqandisiwe kushibhile ePrimorye, kepha kubiza kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude.
Inkalankala ebilisiwe yaseKamchatka
Ukuze upheke kahle inkalankala, udinga ukucubungula ama-nuances alandelayo:
- Phila inkalankala yeKamchatkalokho kufa ngesikhathi sokupheka kubhekwa njengokumnandi kakhulu. Inyama efriziwe ayifani nethenda.
- Inyama yenkalankala yaseKamchatka has ukunambitheka obucayi. Izinongo ziyamphazamisa. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iqabunga le-bay, usawoti, i-apula cider uviniga nopelepele omnyama kungagcizelela ukunambitheka, kepha ngokulinganisela.
- Kubalulekile ukungagayezi umdlavuza. Ngokubilisa isikhathi eside, inyama, njenge-squid, iba yiraba. Isikhathi sokupheka sibalwa kusukela kusisindo senkalankala. Amagremu okuqala angu-500 wobunzima bawo athatha imizuzu eyi-15. Ngayo yonke iphawundi elandelayo - imizuzu eyi-10.
- Ukhipha inkalankala epanini, uyibeke ngomhlane phansi, uvimbele ujusi ukuthi ungaphumi. Kumele aqhubeke nokusuthisa inyama.
Inyama yenkalankala yaseKamchatka yinhle ngokwehlukana, kumasaladi, njengokugcwaliswa kwenkukhu egxishiwe. Umkhiqizo ubuye muhle ngamakhowe we-porcini futhi njengengxenye ye-pasta yase-Italy.
