I-Garfish - inhlanzi ende, evame ukubizwa ngomcibisholo ngabantu. Phambilini bekuvame ukwenzeka ukuthola igama eliyiphutha le-garfish "inhlanzi yenaliti". Kamuva, wonke amachashazi abekwa kohlobo, futhi manje inaliti nenhlanzi ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Noma, ungazi wonke ama-nuances, ungawaphambanisa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sargan
Noma yikuphi okungaphansi kwe-garfish kungokomndeni we-garfish. Ngendlela, okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlanzi, nazo ezalolu hlobo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi zombili izinsage ezijwayelekile nezinhlanzi ezindizayo ezishisayo.
Ukuba ngowama-sarganovs kusekelwe ikakhulu ekuhlelweni okukhethekile kwamathambo ekhanda. Okokuqala, i-garfish ihlukaniswa nge-ossification yamanye ama-cartilage, okuthi, ikakhulukazi, achaze ukunganyakazi komhlathi ophezulu. Umgudu wokugaya ukudla awuxhunyanisiwe nebhamuza lomoya - lesi ngesinye isici esibalulekile se-garfish.
Ividiyo: USargan
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-garfish ingeyomkhakha wezinhlanzi zasendulo ezihlala emanzini oLwandle Lomhlaba izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kuvela kubo ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-garfish zivela.
Yize i-garfish ingeyenhlanzi edla ezinye, ayinakubalwa njengeyingozi kakhulu futhi enobudlova. Futhi akunakushiwo ukuthi i-garfish iyingozi kakhulu kwezinye izinhlanzi. Kuqubuka eminye imibuzo mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo emgodini woLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov, ngoba ngezindlela eziningi lezi zinhlanzi zithanda izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile zolwandle ngenxa yendlela yazo yokuphila esebenzayo kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuthi i-Black Sea garfish incane futhi ayidluli u-60 cm ubude, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ku-1.5-2 m.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ingozi kubantu ibangelwa ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke we-garfish - ingwenya. Ihlala eduzane nemifula yamakhorali futhi ingaba ngamamitha amabili ubude. Ebusuku, i-garfish igijimela ekukhanyeni kwezibani, ithuthukise ijubane elikhulu kangangokuba kungalimaza kalula abadobi ngisho nezikebhe ezithile. Igama le-subspecies kungenxa yokuthi imihlathi yengwenya yengwenya ifana kakhulu namazinyo engwenya uqobo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-garfish
I-Sargan ihlukaniswa ngokubukeka kwangempela okuphawulekayo, ngenxa yokuthi ayikaze iqaphele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvame ukuphikisana ngezinhlobo zayo, ngoba akunzima ukudidanisa i-garfish ne-eel. Imvamisa, i-garfish iqhathaniswa nenhlanzi yenaliti.
Konke lokhu kuqhathaniswa kungenxa yokubukeka kwayo okwehlukile. USargan unomzimba omude, ohlangene, othe ngci emaceleni. Imihlathi nayo ihlangene futhi ifana ne-forceps enkulu enamazinyo abukhali, athuthukile. Uma ubheka i-garfish ngaphambili, ungabona imihlathi inciphe kakhulu ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-garfish ifane ne-sailfish futhi ibuye nezibankwa zasendulo - ama-pterodactyls. Yize udoti ungeke waba yinzalo yabo, inguqulo efanayo izwakala cishe kuyo yonke imithombo. Ngokuvamile kusethwe, amazinyo amancane, abukhali enza lokhu kufana kuphawuleke kakhulu.
Amaphiko we-pectoral ne-dorsal atholakala ngemuva komzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuguquguquka kwe-garfish kukhuphuke kakhulu. Umugqa ohlangothini usuka ekugcineni kwepectoral uye emsileni, lapho kubamele lezi zinhlobo kugudluke kakhulu phansi. Isiphetho se-caudal sihlukaniswe kabili futhi sincane ngosayizi. Izikali ze-garfish zincane futhi zine-sheen silvery ehlukile. Umzimba wonke we-garfish unemibala ehlukene emi-3: ingemuva eliphezulu limnyama ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, izinhlangothi zimhlophe-mpunga, kepha isisu sinomthunzi okhanyayo kakhulu onesiliva.
Inhloko yezinhlanzi inkulu kakhulu futhi ibanzi ezansi, kancane kancane iya ngasemaphethelweni emihlathi. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, i-garfish ithole igama lesibili elingekho emthethweni: umcibisholo ufishi. Amehlo e-garfish makhulu futhi anombala omuhle, okuvumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuzijwayeza yona ngokuphelele ngisho nasekukhanyeni okuphansi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Amathambo eGarfish aluhlaza okombala. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwamanye amazwe, izinhlanzi zenqatshwa ngokuphelele ukuthi zingadliwa njengokudla. Eqinisweni, iphephe ngokuphelele, futhi lo mthunzi umane uhlotshaniswe nokuba khona kwe-biliverdin emzimbeni (i-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka etholakala enyameni).
Ihlala kuphi i-garfish?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseSargan
Sekukonke, kunezihlobo ezingaphansi kwama-25 ze-garfish ezihlukanisiwe. Ngokuya ngokuthi yikuphi okucatshangelwayo, indawo yokuhlala nayo izohluka.
Kuyisiko ukwenza yonke inhlanzi ibe yisizukulwane bese ihlukaniswa ibe ezi-5 ezihlukile:
- EYurophu. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezingekho endaweni eyodwa - ibonakala ngokufuduka kwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka. Ehlobo, uza eNorth Sea ukuzokwenzela ukulahleka kokudla. Ngokufika kwekwindla, izinhlanzi ziya esifundeni saseNyakatho Afrika, lapho kufudumele khona;
- ULwandle Olumnyama. Kutholakala, naphezu kwegama, ngaphezu koMnyama, futhi oLwandle lwase-Azov;
- kufana neribhoni. Ithanda amanzi afudumele ngokweqile, ngakho-ke ihlala eduze neziqhingi kuphela. Imifula yolwandle nezizalo zemifula nayo ingezinye zezindawo azithandayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa noma iyiphi indawo ecacile - i-ribbon saran itholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zoLwandlekazi Lomhlaba;
- EMpumalanga Ekude. Isikhathi esiningi sihlala ngasogwini lwaseChina. Ehlobo, kuvame ukusondela eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia;
- umsila omnyama (omnyama). Kwenzeka eduze naseNingizimu ye-Asia, izama ukusondela ogwini ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngendlela, i-garfish ayinakubalwa ngokuphelele yizinhlanzi zasolwandle. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezikhetha amanzi ahlanzekile emifuleni. Lezi zivame ukutholakala emifuleni yaseNdiya, eNingizimu Melika, zikhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngokuya ngalokhu, singafinyelela eziphethweni: i-garfish ayinayo imingcele echazwe ngokucacile yendawo yokuhlala.
Inhlanzi itholakala cishe yonke indawo, izinhlobo zayo nje zizohluka. USargan uncamela ukuba seduze kobuso bamanzi noma ubukhulu bawo, kepha ugwema ukujula okukhulu kakhulu noma izimbadada.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona inhlanzi ye-garfish. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-garfish?
Isithombe: Black Sea Sargan
Ama-invertebrates, mollusk izibungu ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-garfish. I-mullet encane nokunye okungaba yisisulu somhlambi we-garfish kuqala ukulandela konke ndawonye.
Kepha ama-garfish awahlali enenhlanhla njalo ukuhlangabezana nokudla okunjalo lapho esendleleni. Yingakho izinhlanzi ezincane zazo ziwuhlobo lwesibiliboco olutholakala njalo. Isikhathi esisele, i-garfish kufanele yenelise ngazo zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans. Bangabuye bathathe izinambuzane ezinkulu ebusweni bamanzi. Ekufuneni ukudla kwempilo yasolwandle ehlukahlukene, i-garfish nayo iyahamba.
Umzila wabo ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-2 ezinkulu:
- kusukela ekujuleni kwamanzi kuya ebusweni bamanzi. I-arrowfish yenza lolu hambo nsuku zonke;
- kusuka endaweni esogwini kuya olwandle oluvulekile - ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zezikole zezinhlanzi.
ISargan ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, yenze ukunyakaza okufana nokugqagqana ngomzimba ovulekile. Futhi, uma kunesidingo, i-garfish ingagxuma kalula emanzini abo ukuze idlule inyamazane yayo. Ngendlela, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu i-garfish ingagxumela ngisho nezithiyo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, i-garfish ayikudli ukudla kwezitshalo. Noma ezimeni zokushoda kokudla, ngeke adle ulwelwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-garfish ihamba kalula ngokwenza ukunyakaza okungahambisani nomzimba wayo. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlanzi ukuthi zingagcini nje ngokuhamba ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi nokugxuma emanzini. I-Sargan kwezinye izimo ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h emanzini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-garfish ejwayelekile
USargan uyinhlanzi edlayo. Ubuningi bemikhuba nemikhuba yakhe kuhlotshaniswa nokuzingela. USargan akakhethi ngokweqile ngokudla, ngakho-ke uncamela ukuhlasela ngokushesha nangolaka. Izinhlobo ezincane zivame ukuhlangana ukuze kube lula ukuhlasela isisulu nokuzivikela kubaphikisi.
Kepha abantu abakhulu banobuqili ngokwengeziwe: bazizingela bona bodwa, bancamela ukuthi bangahlaseli kakhulu, kepha balinde buthule beqamekele isisulu. Noma iyiphi enye i-garfish kule ndawo ithathwa njengezimbangi kuphela futhi ingangena empini nayo. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kushayisana kungaphela nange-garfish enamandla ukudla isitha.
Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola i-garfish ngisho naseqoqweni langasese. Kepha udinga ukulungela iqiniso lokuthi i-garfish kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina ekhaya. Le yinhlanzi engenantengo kakhulu ngokwemibandela, edinga iziqu eziphakeme zasemanzini. Yize kulokhu i-garfish ingakhuli ibe nkulu, idinga indawo eningi yokuhlala, ngoba inhlanzi ijwayele impilo esebenzayo.
Ekuthunjweni, kwesinye isikhathi bangadla ngokuphelele omakhelwane babo e-aquarium ukuze bandise indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ama-bloodworms, ondiwani nokunye ukudla okuphilayo - yilokhu okudingayo ukondla i-garfish. Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula izinga lokushisa (kuze kufike kuma-degree angama-28) kanye ne-asidi yemvelo yasemanzini. Kufanele futhi uqaphele kakhulu: izinhlanzi zingagxuma ziphume emanzini, zilimaze umnikazi. Angazilimaza, ngokumane aphule umhlathi.
Ngendlela, ingozi yemihlathi ye-garfish igcinwe kwimvelo yemvelo: imvamisa izinhlanzi zingaziphula ngenqubo yokuthola ukudla, izimpi nezinye izikhathi. Yize imihlathi inamandla, mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, iyindawo esengozini kakhulu kule nhlanzi. Umjikelezo wempilo uhlobene ngqo nezinga lokushisa kwamanzi: i-garfish intuitively ilwela lezo zindawo lapho kufudumele khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-garfish, ukuze zilinde ngaphandle kwesomiso, ngesikhathi samaza aphansi agxila phansi emhlabathini bese elinda ukubuya kwamanzi lapho. Lokhu kuvamile kulawo magargi akhetha ukusondela kakhulu ogwini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: uSargan olwandle
USargan uvuthwa eneminyaka emibili. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi iqala ngokuzala. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuphila sisilinganiso seminyaka eyi-6-7. Yize kube nezimo lapho ku-garfish yasendle baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13-15.
Ukuze izinhlanzi zidala ziya osebeni lolwandle. Isikhathi sokuzalela sincike ngqo endaweni yezinhlanzi. Olwandle iMedithera, ukuqala kokuzala kuveza ngoMashi, kepha eNyakatho - ngoMeyi. Okusho ukuthi, ngokujwayelekile, i-garfish iyaqala lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuzayo, noma iziphi izimo zezulu (izinguquko ekushiseni, izinga lamanzi anosawoti) ngeke zithinte ukuzala, okungathatha izinyanga eziningi. Ngokwezibalo, isiqongo sayo siwela maphakathi nehlobo. Noma ngabe ezinye izimo zingezinhle, lokhu ngeke kusiguqule isimo nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi i-garfish noma ikanjani izobekela amaqanda ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Ukuze ubeke amaqanda, i-garfish yesifazane esikhulile isondela eduze kwe-algae noma i-rockers placers. Insikazi ingabeka amaqanda ekujuleni okungu-1-15 m. Amaqanda eSargan makhulu kakhulu - angafinyelela ku-3.5 mm ububanzi, futhi abe nesimo esiyindilinga. Ukunamathisela ngokuphepha ebusweni bolwelwe noma ukwakheka kwamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi, imicu enamathelayo ibekwe ngokulinganayo egobolondweni lesibili leqanda.
Amafomu othosa ngokushesha okukhulu - imvamisa kuthatha amasonto amabili. I-garfish encane izalwa ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ubude befry olusanda kuzalwa luyi-1-1.5 cm, icishe yakhiwa ngokuphelele ngokomzimba. Ama-gill asebenza ngokuphelele, futhi amehlo athuthukile avumela ukuqondiswa kwamahhala noma kukhanya okuphansi. Umsila namaphiko emhlane yilawa akhule kakhulu kule minyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-garfish isahamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umbala wefry unsundu. Ukondliwa kwayo kwenziwa ngemali yesikhupha se-yolk - lokhu kuvumela gazinga ukuthi lingazizwa isidingo sokudla izinsuku ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fry iqala ukuzondla ngokuzimela kwizibungu zama-mollusks.
Izitha zemvelo ze-garfish
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-garfish
Ngokwemvelo, i-garfish inezitha eziningi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo (i-tuna, i-bluefish). Amahlengethwa nezinyoni zasolwandle nakho kuyingozi kuma-garfish. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu usanda kuba yingozi kakhulu ku-garfish. Manje isidingo se-garfish njengenhlanzi ngokuya ngokudoba siyanda, yingakho ukubanjwa kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngalesi sizinda, inani labantu lingehla kakhulu.
Ngendlela, i-garfish uqobo nayo ingaba yingozi ngisho nakubantu. Ebusuku kwabatshuzi, bayingozi ngoba babamba kalula ukukhanya kwethoshi, baphuthume kulo. Imihlathi eqinile iyakwazi ukulimaza. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu. Abantu abancane cishe abakaze babe sengozini yokuhlasela abantu. Njengezilwane ezidla ezinye, zizingela kuphela izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi-ke - imvamisa i-garfish incamela ukuzingela ngamaphakethe, hhayi yedwa.
Izitha zemvelo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa zibeka ingozi enkulu kakhulu ku-garfish. Yifry kanye ne-caviar ye-garfish esengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa. Yize abantu abadala bezivikela ngokukhathazeka izingane zabo, kusafa amaqanda amaningi kanye nefry ngaphambi kokuthomba. Zingaphinde zithonywe kabi yizinto zemvelo ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-garfish zingalimaza abadobi ngokuziphonsa emanzini ngejubane elikhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwenzeka uma i-garfish ijaha inyamazane noma izama ukubaleka kulokho okufunwayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseSargan
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubala inani eliqondile le-garfish emvelweni. Izinhlanzi sezihlale endaweni enamanzi cishe oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba wonke, inani lazo litholakala e-Atlantic, Mediterranean nakwezinye izilwandle eziningi. Futhi, ubunzima buhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuhlola ngokushesha izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okudala izinkinga nangokulinganisela okunzima kwenani le-garfish. Izinkulungwane zezicathulo zisivumela ukuthi sigomele ukuthi i-garfish ayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngokusho kwemininingwane esemthethweni, i-garfish ingeyesilwane "esidala ukukhathazeka okuncane."
Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola imininingwane yokuthi ukuvunwa kwe-garfish kukhuphuke kakhulu muva nje, lapho lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sayo. Eqinisweni, ukuthandwa akuyona into enhle kangako ukukhuluma ngenhlanzi enkulu. ISargan, yize idliwe njengokudla, ayisebenzi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi bayenqaba ukuludla nhlobo lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke akunakushiwo ukuthi i-garfish iyisihloko somkhakha wokudoba okhuthele ngokweqile.
I-Black Sea garfish ibanjwa kakhulu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lokhu akusona isilinganiso esikhulu kangako ukukhuluma ngezinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zinhlobo. Inani labantu lizinkulungwane eziningi, futhi izimo zemvelo zithanda ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo. By the way, umkhuba womhlaba wonke maqondana nokushisa kwesimo sezulu namanzi oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba ikakhulukazi kunomthelela ekwandeni kwenani le-garfish, ngoba amanzi afudumele ayindawo enhle kakhulu yezinhlanzi.
I-Garfish - inhlanzi ethandwayo phakathi kwabadobi, engenayo nje inyama esihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi nokubukeka okuhle okumangazayo, okukuhlukanisa nabanye abamele izinhlobo ezifanayo. Kungenxa yalesi sizinda lapho inani labantu lisanda kwehla kancane, okuholela ekutheni kube nesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokugcina lezi zinhlobo. Ikakhulu, abameli abaningi bezinhlanzi bancoma ukunciphisa ukudoba, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzala.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/06/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/28/2019 ngo-22: 29
