I-Plecostomus Ingabe iqembu le-catfish elingelomndeni wakwaKolchuzhny. Iyinhlanzi enkulu edume kakhulu phakathi kwama-hobbyists, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-150 sezizonke. Ilungu elifunwa kakhulu kulo mndeni libizwa ngokuthi i-plecostomus ejwayelekile futhi lingakhula lifike kuma-60 cm ubude.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Plekostomus
I-plecostomus yaqoshwa okokuqala eTexas emfuleni ophezulu weSan Antonio (Bexar County) ngo-1962. Kubuye kwabonwa nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zamanzi eTexas, kufaka phakathi iComal Springs (iComal County), iSan Marcos (iHayes County), iSan Felipe Creek (iVal Verde County), neWhite Oak Bayou. Kusukela ukutholakala kwayo emfuleni iSan Felipe, inani labantu base-plecostomus lenyuke kakhulu.
E-China, i-plecostomus yabhaliswa engxenyeni ye-Huizhou yoMfula iDongjiang ngo-2007. Abanye abacwaningi babika ukuthi i-plecostomus yafakwa endaweni yasemanzini yezwe ngo-1990, kepha ayizange inikeze eminye imininingwane. EColombia, abantu abethuliwe be-plecostomus baziwa kahle emgodini ongenhla we-Cauca River. Lokhu kwakuyizinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu ukubanjwa. UPlecostomus walethwa eColombia evela eGuyana.
Ividiyo: Plekostomus
Ama-plecostomus amaningi azalwa eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi i-Amazon Basin. Bangaphila ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, iningi labo lihlala emifudlaneni esheshayo nasemifuleni enamadwala ehamba emahlathini emvula. La manzi, njengomthetho, ahamba ngokushesha futhi agcwele iziqubu nezitshalo; uzobathola becashe phakathi kwabo emini. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zingatholakala emachibini ama-brackish.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwehlukile futhi akukho nolulodwa oludinga indawo efanayo noma ukusethwa kwe-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela izidingo zohlobo oluthile ofuna ukulugcina. Isibonelo salokhu ubukhulu be-aquarium. Ama-plecostomus amancane angaphila ethangini elingu-10 litre, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezinkulu zidinga okungenani amalitha ayi-100. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ezahlukahlukene ze-plecostomus ezitholakele, kepha akuzona zonke ezingatholakala ku-aquarium.
Ngezansi uhlu lwama-plecostomus e-aquarium athandwa kakhulu:
- ikati-ancistr (Ancistrus sp.);
- i-plecostomus yegolide (iBaryancistrus sp.);
- i-plekostomus zebra (i-Hypancistrus zebra);
- i-plecostomus clown (iPanaqolus maccus);
- i-sailfish plekostomus (i-Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps);
- i-globe ye-plekostomus-snow (Umhloli weHypancistrus);
- i-royal plecostomus (iPanaque nigrolineatus).
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-plecostomus
Iningi le-plekostomus linombala onsundu, noma kunjalo, imibala yezinhlobo ezithile incike endaweni yazo. Iningi lazo linamabala esihlabathi noma amaphethini.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-Plecostomus abizwa ngokuthi "i-armored catfish" ngoba anamapuleti amakhulu amathambo amboza imizimba yawo.
Enye yezinto eziyingqayizivele ukwazi ngazo imilomo yazo; yilokhu okwenza ziphumelele ekuhlanzeni ulwelwe. Ngokuqondene nokubukeka kwabo, endle bakhula bafike kuma-60 cm ubude, ku-aquarium - kufika ku-38 cm.
Njengamanye amalungu omndeni, anomzimba ovulekile ohlanganiswe imigqa emine yamapuleti amathambo. Amapuleti amathambo awekho esiswini. Zinamaphiko we-dorsal akhule kuhle, i-pectoral kanye ne-caudal. Isiphetho se-dorsal sine-ray eyodwa eshisayo nemisebe ethambile eyisikhombisa. Ingquza yangemuva inemisebe eyodwa eshisayo nemisebe ethambile engu-3-5.
Umzimba we-plecostomus mpunga onamabala ansundu namaphethini. Banekhanda elikhulu elinamehlo amancane abekwe phezulu ekhanda. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zinolwelwesi olumboza amehlo alo, olubavumela bakwazi ukulawula imiphumela yokukhanya emehlweni abo. Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngale nhlanzi ingumsila wayo; inesimo senyanga, ingxenye engezansi yinde kunaleyo engenhla.
Ihlala kuphi i-plekostomus?
Isithombe: Plekostomus emanzini
IPlecostomus catfish itholakala emanzini amnandi namanzi amnkantsha amanzi asogwini lwaseGuiana eBrazil naseVenezuela, naseRio de la Plata phakathi kwe-Uruguay ne-Argentina. Zikhetha imifudlana esheshayo nemifula eyigugu. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengezimo eziguquguqukayo futhi zikhonjwe eGulf of Mexico, okungenzeka zalethwa ngama-aquarists. Zibhekwa njengokuhlasela eTexas.
Zinezindawo eziningi zokuhlala, yize izinhlobo eziningi zinezindawo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi zitholakala kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile zemifula ethile. Ama-plecostomuses amaningi ahlala emifudlaneni esheshayo, engajulile nemifula, amanye ahlala emanzini amnyama ane-asidi, kanti abanye bakhetha imifula ethule. Ezindaweni ezigeleza kakhulu, zisebenzisa amaswidi azo ukuzinamathisela emadwaleni nasezihlahleni ezigcwele amanzi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zigweme ukukhukhuleka kwehle umfula.
Ama-Plecostomuses atholakala kakhulu emanzini athambile, aphansi e-pH endle, noma kunjalo izinhlobo eziningi ezithengiswa namuhla zikhuliswa ezentengiselwano futhi zibekezelela uhla lwamanzi amaningi kakhulu. I-pH engu-7.0 kuya ku-8.0, i-alkalinity ka-3 ° kuya ku-10 ° dKH (54 kuya ku-180 ppm) kanye nokushisa okungu-23 kuye ku-27 ° C kuzokwanela izinhlobo eziningi ezifuyiwe.
Manje uyazi lapho izinhlanzi ze-plecostomus zihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Idla ini i-plekostomus?
Isithombe: Catfish plecostomus
Iningi le-plecostomus lithengiswa ngokuthi "abadla ama-algae", okungaholela ekukholweni ukuthi bangama-herbivorous; kodwa-ke, iningi lazo zidla inyama futhi zingadla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-invertebrate nama-crustaceans. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zondla ngokhuni, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ucwaninga ngezinhlobo ezikuthanda kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zokudla.
Ngokuqondene ne-plekostomus ejwayelekile, umbono ophusile ovamile ukuthi bangaphila kuphela ku-algae. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba ukudla okunjalo kudambisa izinhlanzi, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabo. Ukudla kwabo kufanele kube nemifino ne-algae; kwesinye isikhathi bangadla inyama / ukudla okuphilayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ama-pellets asezingeni eliphakeme akha isisekelo sokudla kwe-plecostomus.
I-Plecostomus ingafakwa ngemifino elandelayo:
- isaladi;
- i-zucchini;
- isipinashi;
- uphizi ohlutshiwe;
- ukhukhamba.
Kufanelekile ekudleni okubukhoma:
- izikelemu zegazi;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izibungu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-plecostomuses adinga i-fiber eningi ekudleni kwawo; ukuzondla ngemifino eminingi kusiza ukwanelisa lesi sidingo sezilwane. Kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi bahlala benokutholakala kwezinkuni ze-drift, ezingasiza ekugayeni kwabo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, yondla i-plekostomus yakho ngokudla okuhlukahlukene okusezingeni eliphakeme futhi ushintshe ukudla kwakho kwezinhlanzi nsuku zonke. Ngokuya ngemikhuba yokudla, ama-plecostomuses asebusuku. Ngakho-ke, badla kakhulu kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokucisha izibani e-aquarium.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Fish plekostomus
Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ngale nhlanzi ukuthi ihamba ebusuku. Lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi nosuku ngeke ubone okuningi kwemisebenzi yakhe. Ngesikhathi sasemini bangabonakala benamahloni futhi uzobathola becashe phakathi kwezitshalo nemihume ngaphakathi kwetangi lakho.
Ngesikhathi sabo sokusebenza, uzobona ukuthi bayizinhlanzi ezingezansi futhi bazohamba kancane ngezansi kwethangi. Ukuhamba kancane kuyo, benza umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlanza ulwelwe oluse-aquarium. Uzobona futhi ukuthi basebenzisa inkomishi yokudonsa futhi banamathisele engilazini noma emadwaleni ase-aquarium. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapha ukuthi ngenkathi bezodla ulwelwe, ukudla kwabo akufanele kwenziwe ngabo bodwa. Izitolo eziningi ezifuywayo ziyazikhangisa njengezidla ulwelwe, okuyingozi ngoba zidinga ukudla okwehlukile.
IPlekostomus imvamisa inesimo sobungane futhi inokuthula impela lapho isencane futhi ingagcinwa emanzini asemanzini. Omakhelwane abafanele be-plecostomus ama-cichlids, i-macropod (guramic), ama-tetra nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Kepha noma usemncane, kufanele ugweme ukuyibeka nge-discus nezinhlanzi zengelosi, ngoba ama-plecostomus aziwa ngokungena kuwo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Noma imuphi umlingani omncane we-aquarium akufanele akwazi ukungena emlonyeni we-plecostomus; uma kungenzeka, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zisheshe zibe isidlo sakusihlwa kuye.
Njengoba ikhula, i-plecostomus izokhipha ngokushesha ezinye izinhlanzi futhi kufanele igcinwe kwi-aquarium yayo ngaphandle komakhelwane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Plekostomus
Ngeshwa, kuncane okwaziwayo ngokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-plekostomus, futhi okuncane kakhulu kuyaziwa ngokuzala kwabo ku-aquarium. Kuyaziwa kahle nje ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuzala ekuthunjweni. I-Plecostomus imvamisa ayizali ezindaweni zasemanzini, kepha ikhiqizwa ngamanani amaningi echibini, ngokwesibonelo, e-Southeast Asia naseFlorida.
Yizilwane ezi-oviparous, endle zivamise ukuzala emihumeni eyenziwe ngokhuni lwe-drift noma ngamatshe. I-Plekostomus ibekela amaqanda amaningi ezindaweni ezigcwele. Baziwa ngokukhipha amachibi obumba ngokumba kwabo. E-Texas, imingxunya yalezi zilwane ingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.2-1.5.Imigodi ivame ukutholakala emithambekeni engenamhlabathi ocishe ube namatshe amatshe, futhi ibonakala kakhulu emachibini asezindlini aphazamiseke kakhulu. Iduna ligada umgede noma umgodi kuze kufike amaqanda.
Ukuzala okuphelele kwe-plecostomus cishe kungamaqanda angama-3000. Ubuningi bezinhlanzi zesifazane ezivela eMfuleni iSan Marcos eTexas buqala ngamaqanda angama-871 kuye kwangama-3367. Ama-Plecostomuses akholelwa ukuthi azala kaningi esikhathini eside. Kubikwe osayizi abaningana bama-oocyte eTexas, okukhombisa imicimbi eminingi yokuzala. Isikhathi sokuzala, ngokususelwa kuzikolo ze-gonadosomatic, siqala ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Ebangeni labo lwendabuko, iPlecostomuses ibuye ibonise nezikhathi ezinde zokuzalela ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-5, okuvame ukuhambisana nenkathi yemvula efudumele.
I-Plecostomus Fry kufanele ivame ukuphakelwa ukudla okunamaprotheni aphezulu njengezikelemu, imfucumfucu enosawoti, amaphilisi e-algae, noma ukudla kwe-disc. Kufanele kwenziwe ithangi elehlukile elizalela ngamabomu futhi ama-aquarists kufanele abondle ngokudla okuphilayo noma okubandayo amasonto ambalwa ukubalungisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe se-plecostomus yiminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15.
Izitha zemvelo ze-plecostomus
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-plecostomus
I-Plekostomus ingadliwa yizinyoni (ama-cormorants, izindwandwe, nama-pelican), izingulube, izingwenya, ama-otter, izinyoka zamanzi, izimfudu zamanzi ahlanzekile nezinhlanzi ezidlayo ezibandakanya i-catfish enkulu namabhasi amakhulu anezimpondo.
Izilwane eziningi ezidla kanzima zinenkinga yokugwinya i-plekostomus ngenxa yama-spikes ezinhlanzi nezembatho zomzimba, futhi kwaqashelwa ukuthi izinyoni (ama-pelican) zafa zizama ukugwinya abantu abakhulu. Ukulungiswa kokunciphisa ukudliwa yisimo sokuzivikela esikhonjiswa yilezi zinhlanzi lapho ziphathwa kabi noma zisongelwa: amaphiko omgogodla azinzile, futhi amaphiko enwetshiwe, okwenza inhlanzi ibe nkulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi izitha zigwinye.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Igama elithi "plecostomus" lihumusha lisuselwa kwelesiLatini ngokuthi "umlomo ogoqiwe", okusho umlomo wale nhlanzi, efana nenkomishi yokudonsa, etholakala ngaphansi kwekhanda.
Kepha imvamisa ama-plekostomus uqobo ayizitha zezinye izinhlanzi. Isibonelo, uDionda Diaboli (uMfula iDeveli) kanye ne-Fonticol's Eteostoma (Umthombo kaDarter) basengozini ngenxa yokuchayeka ku-plecostomus. Lezi zinhlobo zincintisana zodwa ngelungelo lokulawula izinsizakusebenza, futhi iqhawe lendaba yethu ngokungangabazeki liyayinqoba le mpi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zePlekostomus
Inani elikhulu kakhulu le-plecostomus eTexas liseSan Felipe Bay, esifundeni saseVal Verde. Kusukela kutholakala, inani labantu lenyuke kakhulu kule ndawo, ukwehla ngasikhathi sinye kwezinhlobo ezidla ulwelwe. Umthombo wamanzi oMfula iSan Antonio, eBexar County, eTexas, ube nenani elikhulu lalezi zinhlobo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50.
EFlorida, i-plecostomus iyinhlobo ephumelela kakhulu, egcwele futhi esabalele, enabantu abasakazeke enkabeni naseningizimu yeFlorida. Ngokuqhathanisa, iFlorida Fish and Wildlife Commission (2015) yathi inani le-plecostomus, yize beliseFlorida kusukela ngawo-1950s, alandile, elenzeka ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseMiami-Dade naseHillsboro. ... Ubuningi babantu abadala abethuliwe be-plecostomus buhlolwa njengezindawo eziphakeme eziphazanyiswe yizici ze-anthropogenic, ezinjengeziqula, imifula yamanzi yasemadolobheni, amachibi amadolobha nemisele.
Imithelela ye-plecostomus kuzinhlobonhlobo zemvelo yasemanzini iye yabonwa ngenxa yokwethulwa kwabantu bayo eTexas (imifula iSan Antonio neSan Marcos nomfudlana iSan Felipe). I-Plecostomus ingancintisana ngezinsizakusebenza (ukudla nendawo yokuhlala) ngenhlanzi ezinesihawu nezidalwa zasemanzini, iphazamise izidleke, idle amaqanda ezinhlanzi zomdabu, futhi iphazamise ukugeleza kwe-trophic nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunomsoco ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini.
IPlecostomus ingalawula izinsiza zomsoco eMfuleni iSan Marcos ngenxa yokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwalezi zinhlobo, ubukhulu obukhulu nobude bempilo. Ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nobukhulu bezilwane bungabonisa ukudonsa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus ohlelweni lwe-oligotrophic soMfula iSan Marcos. Lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kokukhiqiza okuyisisekelo ngendlela yokwehliswa kwezitshalo ze-algal, ezingabuye zithinte umkhiqizo wesibili wezitshalo ezingapheli. EMfuleni iSan Antonio, i-plecostomus ibandakanyekile ekwehliseni inani lezinsika zamatshe eziphakathi eziphakela iCampostoma anomalum.
I-Plecostomus Ingabe uhlobo oludume kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinhlanzi. Ungumuntu odla ulwelwe ikakhulukazi, kodwa futhi uyakuthanda nokudla inyama. Kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiswa kubo ngokuthi "abaqoqi bakadoti" ngenxa yokudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza abayenza ezansi kwama-aquariums. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le nhlanzi ihamba ebusuku ngokuphelele futhi inejwabu leso elikhethekile elivikela ukubona kwalo ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/12/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 08/14/2019 ngo-21: 57
