I-Oscar Astronotus (Latin Astronotus ocellatus, i-English Oscar fish), noma njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi iTiger Astronotus ne-Oscar, iyi-cichlid enkulu futhi egqamile evela eNingizimu Melika. Ngaphandle kobukhulu nombala wayo, ibuye ibonakale njengenhlanzi ehlakaniphile futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu.
Le nhlanzi, enomusa ebusheni, ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu ize ibe ngusayizi wayo omkhulu (kufika kuma-35 cm) futhi ngokungangabazeki idonsela ukunaka kwanoma yimuphi umuntu wasemanzini.
Le ngenye yezinhlanzi, esingasho ngayo ukuthi inengqondo nobunjalo bayo, ibona umnikazi wayo.
U-Oscar uzokubuka njengoba wenza ibhizinisi lakho egumbini, futhi uzobona ukuthi ukwenze ngokukhulu ukuzazi kunamanye ama-cichlid amancane.
Abanye baze bazivumele ukuthi baphululwe, njengamakati asendlini, futhi bakujabulele. Yebo, ukondla ngesandla akuyona inkinga, kepha futhi kungaluma.
Yize ifomu lasendle lisathandwa futhi litholakala kabanzi, eminyakeni yamuva nje sekwakhiwe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibala emangazayo ezithandwa ngokufanayo.
Zonke zinhle, kodwa ngendlela ekhethekile u-Oscar obomvu uyinhlanzi enomzimba omnyama okukhona kuyo amabala abomvu noma awolintshi.
Ngaphezu kwakho, kukhona nengwe, i-albino (emhlophe qwa noma enamabala abomvu), imabula, kanye namafomu eveyili.
Kepha, zonke lezi zinhlobo empeleni zibukeka ngokujwayelekile, zakudala. Ekugcinweni nasekuzalaneni kwazo zonke ziyafana, ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zifuna kakhulu futhi zithambekele ezifweni.
Ngenhlanhla yethu, i-Astronotus ayiyona inhlanzi efuna kakhulu, futhi nabaqalayo bangakwazi ukuyigcina ngempumelelo. i-caveat eyodwa ibenza babe nezinkinga - usayizi.
Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngenkathi zidla zonke izinhlanzi ezincane ngosayizi. Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids amakhulu, adlayo, ama-astrikas kufanele agcinwe ezindaweni zasemanzini ezingamalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu, futhi mhlawumbe yedwa.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-Astronotus yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1831. Izwe lakubo liseNingizimu Melika: e-Amazon River basin, eMfuleni iParana, eRio Paraguay, eRio Negro.
Izokuletha ngokuzenzela eChina, e-Australia, eFlorida, lapho yashesha khona ukujwayela futhi yaqala ukuqothula izinhlobo zezinto zasendaweni. Ebangeni layo lemvelo, kubhekwa njengenhlanzi yezentengiselwano, ukunambitheka kwayo okuyigugu kakhulu.
Ngokwemvelo, uhlala kuma-biotop ahlukahlukene emifuleni emikhulu nasemiseleni, emachibini, emachibini anendawo enodaka noma enesihlabathi. Idla izinhlanzi, ama-crayfish, izibungu nezinambuzane.
Incazelo
Inhlanzi inomzimba oqinile, omile okweqanda nekhanda elinamandla, nezindebe ezinkulu, eziyinyama. Ngokwemvelo, bangafika ku-35 cm ubude, kepha ku-aquarium bancane, cishe bangama-20-25 cm.Nokunakekelwa okuhle, baphila iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Abantu abahlala emvelweni imvamisa banemibala enesizotha, umbala omnyama onamabala e-orange ezinsikeni nasemhlane. Isiphetho se-caudal sinendawo enkulu emnyama, esika-orenji, okuyigama abathola igama laso - lakhanyiswa.
Kokubili ifomu lasendle nalabo abazalwe ngabantu badume ngekhono labo lokushintsha masinyane umbala ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngesikhathi sokulwa noma esivikela indawo.
Amajita ahlukile kunabazali bawo ngombala, amnyama anamabala amhlophe emzimbeni. Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibala ehlukahlukene: obomvu, i-brindle, i-albino, imabula.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Yize i-Astronotus iyinhlanzi ethokozisayo futhi okulula ukuyigcina, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohliswa ngosayizi wayo eminyakeni yobuntwana, nangokuziphatha kwayo okunokuthula.
Ama-oscars amaningi athengiswa cishe ngo-3 cm ngosayizi futhi agcinwa ku-aquarium eyabiwe nezinye izinhlanzi ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohliswa ngokuzithengela i-Astronotus ye-aquarium yakho eyabiwe, eyi-100 litre!
Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze ithuthuke ngokwejwayelekile idinga umthamo we-aquarium wamalitha angama-400, futhi kuyabiza kakhulu ukuyondla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinhlanzi edlayo okumele igcinwe ngababili ethangini elihlukile noma nomakhelwane abakhulu ethangini elikhulu kakhulu.
Kepha, ungaphatheki kabi. Uma uqiniseka ngokuqinile ukuthi ufuna inhlanzi enjalo nje, ukuyigcina kulula, futhi ngokubuyisela uzothola inhlanzi enhle, ehlakaniphile futhi ecishe ibe lula.
Ukondla
Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi zingama-omnivores, zidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi: izinambuzane, izibungu, i-zooplankton, izitshalo kanye ne-algae, inhlanzi, ama-invertebrates kanye nama-amphibians.
E-aquarium, lezi izinhlanzi ezingenhlonipho ngokweqile ekudleni, yize kungcono ukubanikeza ukudla kwezilwane.
Kungcono ukondla ngokudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kwama-cichlids amakhulu - ama-pellets, ama-granules, amaphilisi. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinketho eziningi zazo manje, kusuka kubakhiqizi baseChina kuya kwabaseYurophu. Ngokwengeziwe, nikeza ukudla okubukhoma noma okubandayo.
Bathanda imisundu kanye nezinto ezinwabuzelayo, kodwa futhi badla amakhilikithi, imfanzi, imicu yezinhlanzi, inyama yezimbaza, onoshobishobi, izintethe nokunye ukudla okukhulu.
Ngokwemvelo, banikezwa izinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-guppies noma i-veil-tails, kepha lokhu kwenziwa kangcono kuphela uma uqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi izinhlanzi ziphilile futhi ngeke zilethe izifo.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zinobugovu kakhulu nezinhlanzi ezingasuthiseki, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukungaziniki ngokweqile, uma kungenjalo ukugula nokufa kungenzeka.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-cichlids ayondliwa ngenyama yesilwane esincelisayo, kepha manje lokhu kufanele kugwenywe. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni namafutha enyameni enjalo, ayigaywanga kahle yizinhlanzi, okuholela ekukhuluphaleni nasekuwohlokeni kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Kungcono ukondla inhliziyo yenkomo efanayo kanye ngesonto, ukuze ungalayishi kakhulu izinhlanzi.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa ku-aquarium
Ukugcina ama-Astronotus kulula, inqobo nje uma ubanikeza amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile.
I-aquarium iyisistimu evaliwe futhi noma ngabe inkulu kangakanani, isadinga ukuhlanzwa nokunakekelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinga le-ammonia ne-nitrate emanzini liyakhuphuka, izinhlanzi zifakwa ubuthi kancane.
Njengoba zizwela kakhulu ekufakweni ubuthi ngalezi zinto, kubalulekile ukuthi ushintshe cishe u-20% wamanzi asemanzini masonto onke bese uphonsa inhlabathi.
Izinsalela zefula ziyanqwabelana emhlabathini, zibole futhi kaningi ngenxa yalokhu, izinkinga eziningi ngokunakekelwa.
Khumbula ukuthi udoti wezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudla, izinsalela zokudla zisakazeka nxazonke. Isibonelo, bakhipha izingxenye zezinhlanzi, yize badla amaphilisi afanayo cishe ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke uma unikeza ukudla okufana nezinhlanzi eziphilayo, ke hlanganisa inhlabathi bese ushintsha amanzi kaningi.
AmaJuireiles azohlala kamnandi e-aquarium engamalitha ayi-100, kepha lapho esekhulile, azodinga amalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu.
Uma uhlela ukugcina ukubhangqa ngokuzalanisa, futhi nangezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, usuvele udinga ithangi elikhulu kakhulu ukunciphisa inani lezimpi.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zithanda amanzi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu komoya-mpilo, kepha azikuthandi ukugeleza, ngakho-ke sebenzisa i-aeration noma uphe amanzi amanzi kusihlungi sangaphandle ngomtshingo ongaphezulu kwamanzi.
Njengoba izinhlanzi zikhulu kakhulu futhi zikhuthele impela, qiniseka ukuthi okokusebenza nokuhlobisa kufakwe ngokuphepha, futhi kuvikelwe kangcono. Kungcono ukumboza ama-heater ngamatshe amakhulu noma okunye ukuhlobisa. Ama-Oscars angadlala ngomhlobiso, awuhlasele, kepha ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, angagcina kabi ngokuhlobisa.
Uma izinhlanzi zakho zithambekele kulokhu kuziphatha, lapho-ke ungazikhohlisa ngokuphonsa into ezophazamisa ukunaka kwabo kwimishini.
Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu abangayisebenzisa yisihlabathi, abathanda ukumba. Izitshalo azidingeki, zimbiwe noma zidliwe. Kodwa-ke, ungazama ukutshala izinhlobo ezinamakhasi anzima ezimbizeni, njenge-anubias.
Futhi yebo, uma ucabanga ukudala uhlobo oluthile lomklamo ku-aquarium ukuze konke kubukeke kukuhle, bese ukhumbula - into esemqoka e-aquarium akuyena, kodwa u-Oscar. Izazi zezinkanyezi zizomba bese zidlulisa noma yini eziyibona ifanele.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukumboza i-aquarium, ngakho-ke uzokugwema ukusaphaza ngesikhathi sokudla futhi inhlanzi yakho ngeke igxume iphume.
- Ukushisa kwamanzi - 22-26C
- i-asidi ph: 6.5-7.5
- ukuqina kwamanzi - kufika ku-23 °
Ukuhambisana
Ama-astronotus awafanele neze ama-aquariums okwabelwana ngawo (noma ngabe umthengisi utshelani). Yize bengeke babizwe ngolaka kakhulu kwezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, bayizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi bazodla izinhlanzi abangazigwinya.
Kungcono ukuzigcina ngababili, ku-aquarium ehlukile. Kepha, ziyahambisana nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, i-aquarium izodinga okungaphezulu kwalokhu.
Ama-Aquarists agcina izinkanyezi nge-arowans, i-black pacu, ama-cichlazomas anemigqa eyisishiyagalombili, ama-cichlazomas aseManaguan, ama-plecostomus amakhulu nama-parrot cichlids. Kodwa-ke, okuningi kuncike kumlingiswa hhayi bonke abahambisana nakho.
Bathanda ukumba inhlabathi nokumba izitshalo, futhi bangadlala nangokuhlobisa noma okokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhombisa ubuhlakani obukhulu kunamanye ama-cichlids.
Ngakho-ke bayamazi umnikazi, bayamlandela ngale kwegumbi, basabele ezwini lomnikazi, bazivumele ukuba baphulwe futhi bondliwe ezandleni zabo.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Ukuhlukanisa owesifazane kowesilisa kunzima kakhulu. Kuqinisekisiwe, kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, uma owesifazane ene-ovipositor.
Abazalisi bavamise ukuthenga izinqwaba zezingane futhi bazikhulise ndawonye, ngaleyo ndlela bazikhethele izinhlanzi. Kukholakala ukuthi insikazi incane ngobukhulu kunowesilisa, kepha lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esihlobene.
Umehluko wangempela yi-ovipositor abekela ngayo amaqanda. Kepha, kuvela isiyingi esibi - ngoba sivela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngosayizi ka-10-12 cm. Kuyadingeka ukwakha ezinye izindlu zokukhosela bese ubeka amatshe amakhulu, ayisicaba abeka kuwo amaqanda.
Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, lezi zithandani zikhetha itshe bese zilikhuhla ngokucophelela. ICaviar imhlophe, i-opaque, futhi ingashintsha umbala kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuzala.
Abazali banakekela ifry, kepha lapho nje beqala ukubhukuda bebodwa, bangasuswa kubazali. Amafry makhulu, asebenza kahle. Ukuthosa kungafakwa nge-Cyclops ne-Artemia nauplii.
Kepha ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzalanisa, cabanga ngokucophelela. Owesifazane osekhulile angabeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-2000, ifry liqinile futhi likhula kahle.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukumondla nokumnakekela njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthengisa noma ukusabalalisa gazinga akuyona into elula.
Isidingo sazo sincane, futhi okuthengiswayo akukaliwe.
