Uvemvane we-Admiral - ummeleli ogqamile weLepidoptera. Kutholakala kaningi emaphethelweni ehlathi, emapaki asedolobheni. Igama lesiLatini lala ma-nymphalids alithandeki kangako - uVanessa atalanta, incazelo yesayensi ngo-1758 yanikezwa isazi semvelo saseSweden uKinnaeus.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly
AmaLepidopterists, abantu abanikele impilo yabo kwizimvemvane, bavame ukubanika amagama ahambisana nezinganekwane. Ubuhle bethu bathola igama lakhe lesiLatin elithi atalanta, alithola njengendodakazi yenkosi yase-Arcadia, eyaphonswa ehlathini ngabazali ababelindele ukuzalwa kwendodana yabo, lapho yanceliswa khona ibhere.
Izikhulu zomndeni wakwaVaness. Nabanye abameleli bomndeni we-nymphalid, kuhlobene nokuba khona kwamabhulashi emilenzeni efinyeziwe ngaphambili, abanazinzipho, imithambo esemaphikweni ayinakho ukuqina. I-Lepidoptera yalezi zinambuzane ibizwa ngoba amaphiko ambozwe izikali, izinwele eziguquliwe zezimo ezahlukahlukene. Zibekwe eceleni kwephiko ngemigqa, njengamathayili, isisekelo siqondiswe emzimbeni, ngomphetho wamahhala ngasekupheleni kwamaphiko. Ama-flakes aqukethe izinhlamvu zombala ezibhekele umbala.
Ividiyo: I-Admiral Butterfly
Ezinye izikali, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-androconia, zihlotshaniswa nezindlala ezikhipha iphunga. Yile ndlela abesilisa abaheha ngayo abalingani babo ngephunga. Njengabo bonke abamele iqembu, abagibeli bavele muva nje, kusukela ezikhathini zemfundo ephakeme. Izimpiko zangaphambili zalezi vanesa zikhulu kunalezi ezingemuva, ziyahlangana ngosizo lwetomu eliqinile.Njengawo wonke ama-nymphalids, lapho evulwa, amaphiko e-admiral anemibala egqamile; uma igoqiwe, ingxenye engezansi yobuso iyinto yokufihla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho igoqiwe, amafenda amakhulu angaphambili ahlala ngaphakathi, futhi ngenxa yangemuva, kuphela ekhoneni eliphezulu kakhulu elibonakalayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly yaseRussia
Iphiko langaphambili likala u-26-34.5 mm futhi linobubanzi obungu-50-65 mm. Ingaphezulu linombala omnyama, velvet onsundu.
Umbala wesici wamaphiko angaphambili:
- kukhona i-notch encane ngaphandle kokuphela;
- phezulu, umugqa wamachashazi amhlophe ugijima ngokulingana nomphetho ongaphandle;
- eduze kancane kwekhanda kunendawo eyodwa ebanzi, evulekile;
- umugqa ogobile, obomvu obomvu we-carmine ugijima ngokwehlukana.
Umbala wephiko ongemuva:
- umngcele obomvu obomvu we-carmine uhamba emaphethelweni angezansi;
- kukhona ichashazi elimnyama esigabeni ngasinye kwezinhlanu zebha ekhanyayo;
- ekhoneni elingezansi ngokwedlulele ungabona ichashaza eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngohlaka olumnyama.
Umugqa omhlophe ojiyile, omncane uvala wonke amaphiko amane. Ubuso obungezansi bunombala omncane, kepha bumacwecwe kakhulu. Izimpiko zangaphambili zihlobisa ngaphezulu, kepha azikhanyi kangako, zigcwaliswa izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka cishe maphakathi nonqenqema olungaphezulu.
Umbala wobuso obungezansi bezimpiko zangemuva:
- isizinda esimpunga kagwayi sigcwele imigqa emnyama, ansundu, imibuthano emincane, amabala ampunga;
- indawo emhlophe emhlophe itholakala maphakathi nonqenqema olungaphezulu.
Ingaphakathi lomzimba limnyama, limnyama noma nsundu, isisu sinsundu ngokukhanyayo noma sinombala kagwayi. Isifuba sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, ingxenye ngayinye inezitho zombili. Indima yezinsimbi zomlomo idlalwa yi-proboscis. Amehlo ahlanganiswe ngovemvane ambozwe ama-bristles futhi anesakhiwo samakristalu. Izimpondo zifana nekilabhu ezijiyile engxenyeni engenhla; zisebenza njengesinye sezitho zemizwa. ngosizo lwabo, ama-nymphalids angabamba ukudlidlizela okuncane kakhulu emoyeni, azizwe amaphunga.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane lobukhosi?
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-Admiral eRussia
Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kweVanessa Atlanta budlulela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ukusuka enyakatho yeCanada kuye eGuatemala - entshonalanga, kusuka eScandinavia kuye engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kuya eningizimu kuya e-Afrika, ingxenye yayo esenyakatho, empumalanga yeChina. Kungabonakala e-Atlantic eBermuda, e-Azores, eCanary Islands, ePacific Ocean eHawaii, nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean. Lesi sinambuzane silethwe eNew Zealand futhi sizala khona.
UNymphalis akakwazi ukusinda ebusika obubandayo, kepha ngesikhathi sokufuduka kungatholakala kusuka e-tundra kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukungabekezeleli isithwathwa esibi kakhulu, ubuhle obushayayo buthuthela ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ezindaweni ezifudumele. Le Vanessa ithanda amahlathi aswakeme, amaxhaphozi, amadlelo ezikhukhula, nezingadi ezinokunisela okuvamile. Lesi ngesinye sezimvemvane zokugcina ezitholakala enyakatho yeYurophu ngaphambi kobusika. Ezintabeni, ingahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2700.
Udlani uvemvane olubabazekayo?
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly
Abantu abadala badla izithelo, bayabonakala ku-carrion, bathanda ijusi ebilisiwe yezithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile. Uketshezi lukashukela oluvela ezihlahleni nakumasi wezinyoni nakho kusebenza njengokudla. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amaVanessas ahlala ezithelweni ezivuthwe ngokweqile. Ngezimbali, uma kungekho okunye ukudla, bakhetha i-aster, i-euphorbia, i-alfalfa, i-red clover.
Amacimbi adla amaqabunga e-nettle, i-wall imibhede, nezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-Urticaceae. Zihlala ngezinqamu, izitshalo ezivela kulukhukhumululu lwegciwane. Izinsimbi zomlomo zomuntu omdala zehlukile. I-proboscis ethambile, njengesiphethu sewashi lensimbi, ingavuleka futhi isonteke. Kuyinto mobile, nokunwebeka futhi kwaguqulwa ukumunca umpe liquid kanye ayo izitshalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emilenzeni yangaphambili yesinambuzane kune-villi ebucayi, efakwe ama-buds wokunambitha, umphathi we-admiral ususa "isivivinyo" sokuqala ngokuhlala esitsheni sesithelo noma sesihlahla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly yaseRussia
Inambuzane enamaphiko inendiza esheshayo nengashintshi, ijubane lingafinyelela ku-15 km / h. Ukufuduka, umphathi wamabutho ahamba amabanga amade, futhi ukuze angachithi amandla amaningi, ukhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni bese endiza esebenzisa imisinga yomoya. Izindiza ezinjalo zingabonakala: kusuka kwelinye izwekazi kuya kwelinye.
Izimvemvane zezinyanga zasebusika, kuye ngendawo ezihlala kuyo, zilala kuze kufike intwasahlobo, zivele ngombala ogqamile, kepha zingabonakala zindiza phezulu ezinsukwini zasebusika ezinelanga ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UVanessa Atlanta udinga imibala egqamile yamaphiko ukuze abantu balesi silwane babonane buqamama. Eduze, babona ngephunga elikhishwa yi-androconia.
Lapho ezinye zalezi zinambuzane, zicashe emifantwini yegxolo noma amaqabunga, zilale, ezinye ziqale uhambo oluya ezifundeni ezifudumele bese zilala khona. Ngezikhathi zasebusika, abantu baseYurophu bakhetha inyakatho ye-Afrika, neNyakatho Melika - iziqhingi zase-Atlantic. Ama-specimens asele ebusika awahlali njalo kuze kube sentwasahlobo, noma kunjalo, njengalawo enza ukufuduka okuyingozi okude. Izikhathi zokundiza zingahluka, kuye ngendawo yokuhlala: kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi-Juni kuya kuSepthemba-Okthoba.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: La ma-nymphalids anombono wombala, bheka: ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-indigo. Njengoba ama-admirals engenawo ama-pigment eseceleni, awakwazi ukubona imibala ye-spectrum ebomvu-orenji.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly Russia
Ama-Admirals yizidalwa ezinenguquko ephelele, ezihamba kuzo zonke izigaba ukusuka eqandeni kuye kwisibungu, okuphenduka kube yisiphungumangathi, bese kuzalwa kabusha kube imago. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, abesilisa baphikelela ekunakekeleni abakhethiweyo babo, ngasikhathi sinye bebonisa ukuhlaselwa kwezimbangi. Zindiza zizungeze indawo yazo izikhathi ezingaba ngu-30 ngehora. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayakwazi ukuhlangana nabanye abafakizicelo izikhathi eziyi-10-15, umsebenzi onjalo uyaqhubeka usuku lonke.
Indawo yesiza, enesimo se-oval, ingu-2.5-7 m ububanzi no-4-13 m ubude. Lapho kuvela okwephula umngcele, owesilisa uyamxosha, akhuphuke evundlile mpo ukuze akhathale isitha. Ngemuva kokuxosha isitha, umnikazi wesiza ubuyela endaweni yakhe bese eqhubeka nokuyigada. Ngabantu abanamandla kakhulu kuphela abakwazi ukunqoba abesifazane ukuze bashiye inzalo. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, ezikhanyiswe yilanga balinde umzuzu lapho abesifazane bekhuphukela phezulu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ama-admirals angaba nesizukulwane esisodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu zenzalo ngonyaka.
Iqanda eliluhlaza okweqanda, elinezimbambo (cishe u-0.8 mm) libekwa ngabesifazane ngaphezulu kweqabunga lesitshalo sokudla. Ngemuva kwesonto, lapho uphuma, ubukhulu besibungu esiluhlaza bungu-1.8 mm. Njengoba ikhula futhi i-molts (izigaba ezi-5 kuphela zokukhula), ubude bomzimba buguqukela ku-2.5-3 cm, nombala nawo uyashintsha. Ingahluka kancane, kepha imvamisa imnyama kakhulu enamachashazi amhlophe azungeze umzimba.
Amacimbi anezinsipho ezinezisekelo ezibomvu, zihlelwe ngendlela eyindilinga eceleni kwezingxenye. Kunemigqa eyisikhombisa yezinsipho emzimbeni. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kunesiqeshana samabala amhlophe noma ayisikhilimu. Ukudla kwesibungu ngamaqabunga, imvamisa emndenini we-nettle. Bacasha ezitheni ngezingqimba zamashidi ezigoqwe uhhafu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho izibungu zikhuliswe ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zelebhu, emazingeni okushisa cishe angama-32 °, isikhathi sesigaba se-pupal sathatha izinsuku eziyisithupha. Ngo-11-18 ° lesi sikhathi sandisiwe futhi saba izinsuku ezingama-47-82. Ezimweni ezifudumele, iziphungumangathi nezimvemvane ezavela kuzo zazikhanya kakhulu.
Ekupheleni kwesigaba sokugcina, isibungu siyayeka ukudla. Lapho wakhela indlu isigaba esilandelayo sempilo, udla isisekelo seqabunga, kepha ushiya imicu, uyigoqe ngesigamu bese unamathela emaphethelweni. Indawo yokukhosela ilenga ngokukhululeka emithanjeni, kuyo isiphungumangathi, impunga empunga enezinsipho ezimfushane namachashazi egolide ibheke phansi. Usayizi wayo ucishe ube ngu-2.2 cm.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvemvane ezibabazayo
Isithombe: I-Admiral Butterfly
Ngenxa yokundiza kwazo okungalingani, nokushesha, lezi zilwane ezinamaphiko kunzima ukuzibamba, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi zizoqondisa kuphi indiza yazo ngomzuzu olandelayo. Izimpawu ezikhanyayo zithembekile kakhulu futhi zingahlala esandleni eseluliwe. Lapho izimpiko zigoqiwe, bese kuthi ngasemuva kwegxolo lezihlahla, lapho zicasha khona ukuze zilale, kunzima ukuzibona. Zitholakala ngokwengeziwe lapho ziphuza umpe noma zihamba kancane ngaphambi kokulala.
Izinyoni yizitha eziyinhloko zabantu abadala, yize ezinye zithukwa yimibala egqamile. Phakathi kwalabo abasakwazi ukuzingela izimvemvane ezindizayo kukhona amalulwane. Ukubukeka okunamandla kwezibungu kuyabethusa abaningi abafuna ukudla. Kuzo zonke izinyoni, mhlawumbe kungamakhukhamba kuphela asengozini yokuhlukanisa indlela adla ngayo ngamacimbi. Izinduku zifaka la ma-lepidopterans ekudleni kwawo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka. Ama-Amphibians kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezidla iVanessa Atlanta nezibungu zayo. Izibungu zinezitha zazo eziyizinambuzane.
Zingadliwa ngabamele:
- i-coleoptera;
- izicabucabu;
- ojekamanzi;
- iminyovu;
- imithandazo yokuthandaza;
- izintuthwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Butterfly Ebomvu Ebomvu
Uvemvane obabazekayo uhlala ezindaweni eziningi ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Asia. Akukho okusongela lolu hlobo lapha. Ukulondolozwa okuhle kwendawo kuhlala kuyo: ubunjalo bokufuduka kwempilo yesinambuzane, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushisa ezihlukile. Uma ngasizathu simbe, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yobusika obunesithwathwa, ingxenye yabantu iyafa, indawo yayo ithathwa ngabantu abafuduka ezifundeni ezifudumele.
ERussia, lolu hlobo lutholakala emahlathini engxenyeni emaphakathi yeYurophu, eKarelia, eCaucasus nase-Urals. Ngo-1997, la maLepidoptera afakwa eRed Data Book yaseRussian Federation. Inani labantu lasheshe lenyuka futhi basuswa ohlwini oluvikelwe. Kuphela esifundeni saseSmolensk. banesigaba sesine, isimo sokuncipha kodwa hhayi izinombolo ezingavamile.
Imiphumela emibi kuVanessa Atlanta, noma kunjalo, kanye nezidalwa eziningi eziphilayo, yile:
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi;
- ukunwetshwa kwepulazi ngokulima izimfunda;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ekwelapheni amasimu.
Ngokugcina amahlathi namadlelo agcwele izikhukhula, izimo ezikahle zokuphila kwama-nymphalids, kungenzeka ukugcina ubukhulu besibalo sabantu bungashintshi. Uvemvane we-Admiral - enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Isimo esinzima seRussia asicebile kangako ngezimvemvane ezikhanyayo, uVanessa atalanta ungomunye wabo. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, ujabulisa iso, osuka embali aye embalini. Isinambuzane esingenabungozi asilimazi izitshalo ezilinyiwe, ngakho-ke, lapho ubona isibungu esinoboya esihlahleni sembabazane, ungasheshi ukusichoboza.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 17.09.2019 ngo-20: 50
