Ufudu lwokhuni (Glyptemys insculpta) lungolokuhleleka kofudu, isigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kofudu lwokhuni.
Ufudu lwezinkuni lusakazeka endaweni encane empumalanga yeCanada nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, kusuka eNova Scotia naseNew Brunswick eningizimu yeNew England, ePennsylvania naseNew Jersey. Ihlala eNyakatho Virginia, nasentshonalanga yeQuebec, eningizimu ye-Ontario, enyakatho yeMichigan, eNyakatho naseCentral Wisconsin, empumalanga yeMinnesota. Inani labantu elingalodwa litholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iowa.
Indawo yokuhlala yofudu lwokhuni.
Ufudu lwokhuni luhlala lutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinamanzi ahambayo emifuleni nasemifuleni, yize abanye abantu bengahamba ibanga elide ukusuka emanzini, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele. Ufudu lwamapulangwe luvame ukuchazwa njengohlobo lwehlathi, kepha kwezinye izindawo luhlala emahlathini asezikhukhuleni anamaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi nezindawo ezivulekile zotshani. Zikhetha izindawo ezinotshani obuncane, okungcono kube ne-substrate emanzi kodwa enesihlabathi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zofudu lwokhuni.
Ufudu lwokhuni lunobude begobolondo obungamasentimitha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-25. Umbala we-integument u-brown-grey. Inokhiye ophansi ophakathi nendawo, namasongo wokukhula acaciswe kahle anikeza igobolondo ukubukeka okunzima, "okuqanjiwe". Amabhungane e-carapace anezintambo eziphuzi, anweba aze afike nase-keel. Iplastron ephuzi ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwendawo emnyama ekhoneni elingaphandle elingaphandle lesiphazamisi ngasinye. I-notch emise okwe-V iyabonakala emsileni. "Ngezindandatho zokukhula" ingacacisa ukuthi ufudu osemncane uneminyaka emingaki, kepha le ndlela ayifanele ukuthola iminyaka yabantu abadala. Ezimfudu ezivuthiwe, ukwakheka kwezindandatho kuyama, ngakho-ke ungenza iphutha ekunqumeni ubude bempilo yomuntu ngamunye.
Ikhanda lofudu lokhuni lumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi lunamabala akhanyayo noma okunye ukumakwa. Ingxenye engenhla yezitho imnyama ngamachashazi ansundu. Isikhumba somphimbo, ingxenye engezansi yentamo kanye nezindawo ezingezansi zemilenze zinombala ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu ngokusawolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi kube namabala amnyama. Umbala kunqunywa indawo of izimfudu.
Izimfudu ezisencane zine-carapace ecishe ibe yindilinga engu-2.8 kuye ku-3.8 cm ubude nomsila ocishe ulingane. Umbala unombala onsundu noma ompunga, onemibala ekhanyayo evelayo ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula. Owesilisa wehlukile kowesifazane ekhanda elibanzi, igobolondo elide futhi eliqinile, i-concave plastron concave enkabeni nomsila ojiyile futhi omude. Uma kuqhathaniswa nowesilisa, igobolondo lowesifazane liphansi futhi libanzi, lishiswa kakhulu amagobolondo; i-plastron iyisicaba noma i-convex kancane, umsila uzacile futhi mfushane kancane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kofudu lokhuni.
Ukukhwelana ngezimfudu zokhuni kwenzeka kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi bahlasela ngolaka abanye besilisa ngisho nabesifazane.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, owesilisa nowesifazane bakhombisa "umdanso" wokukhwelana lapho bephendukelana khona futhi bashwiba amakhanda emuva naphambili.
Bese owesilisa avele asukele insikazi bese eluma izitho zakhe negobolondo. Ukukhwelana ngezimfudu zokhuni kuvame ukwenzeka emanzini angajulile osebeni lomfula owehlelayo, yize ukuqomisana kuqala emhlabeni. NgoMeyi noma ngoJuni, insikazi ikhetha indawo evulekile, enelanga yokwakha izidleke, ikhetha izindawo ezinesihlabathi ezincikene namanzi ahambayo. Umba isidleke ngezitho zakhe zangemuva, akhe ifossa eyindilinga enobude obungu-5 kuya ku-13 cm.Kunamaqanda ama-3 kuye kwayi-18 ku-clutch. Amaqanda angcwatshwa ngokucophelela, kanti insikazi yenza imizamo emikhulu yokubhubhisa yonke iminonjana ye-clutch. Izimfudu zezinkuni zizalela amaqanda kanye kuphela ngonyaka.
Intuthuko ihlala izinsuku ezingama-47 kuya kwezingama-69 futhi incike ekushiseni nasemswakeni. Izimfudu ezincane zivela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ngoSepthemba bese ziya emanzini. Bayakwazi ukuzala phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-14 nengama-20. Ubude bempilo endle abaziwa, kepha cishe bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-58.
Ukuziphatha kofudu lokhuni.
Izimfudu zezinkuni ziyizilwane eziguqukayo futhi zichitha endaweni evulekile enelanga, noma zicashe otshanini noma ezihlahleni ezihlabayo. Zijwayele kahle ezindaweni ezipholile, ezipholile.
Ngokuhlala njalo elangeni, izimfudu zikhuphula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo, ngenkathi zihlinzeka ngovithamini D synthesis, nokususa izimuncagazi zangaphandle ezinjengezimbungulu.
Izimfudu zezinkuni zilala ebusika (ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli), njengokujwayelekile, zilala phansi nasezikhunjeni zemifula nemifula, lapho amanzi engabandi khona. Umuntu oyedwa udinga cishe ihektha eli-1 kuye kwele-6 ukuze aphile, yize ezinye izimfudu zokhuni zingahamba ibanga elide emifudlaneni.
Izimfudu zezinkuni zishesha kakhulu, zithuthukise izindlela zokuziphatha ezivumela ukuthi zihambe kalula phakathi kwezindawo ezihlala emanzini ezisogwini nehlathi.
Ukudla ufudu lokhuni.
Izimfudu zezinkuni zingama-omnivores futhi zithola ukudla emanzini. Badla amaqabunga nezimbali zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezinama-herbaceous (ama-violets, ama-strawberry, ama-raspberry), izithelo namakhowe. Qoqa ama-slugs, iminenke, izikelemu, izinambuzane. Izimfudu zezinkuni ziyephuza kakhulu ukubamba izinhlanzi noma esinye isisulu esihamba ngokushesha, yize kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa amagundane amancane namaqanda noma zicoshe izilwane ezifile, imisundu, evela ebusweni bomhlaba ngemuva kwemvula enamandla.
Isimo sokonga ufudu lwokhuni.
Izimfudu zezinkuni zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokubanjwa ngesihluku. Lolu hlobo lunamanani aphansi okuzala, ukufa okuphezulu phakathi kwezingane kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthomba. Ukuqothulwa okuqondile kuyisongo esikhulu kwizimfudu zokhuni kwezinye izingxenye zebanga. Izilwane eziningi ziyafa emigwaqeni ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho ababulala izimfudu zenyama namaqanda. Lolu hlobo luyinto ebalulekile ethengiswayo emaqoqweni angasese ngokuya ngokuhamba kwabavakashi beholide, isibonelo, ama-kayaker nabadobi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziba izisulu zabavakashi, abadobi nabathanda izikebhe.
Izingulube zezinkuni zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo nokuwohloka. Ukudoba osebeni lwesihlabathi ngasogwini lwemifula esenyakatho lapho izidleke zabo kuyisongo esisha uma kuqhathaniswa esinganciphisa amandla okuzala ohlobo lofudu. Usongo olwengeziwe ukwedlula ama-raccoon, angagcini nje ngokubulala amaqanda wofudu namachwane, kodwa futhi adla nezimfudu ezindala. Njengamanje, ukulawulwa kwezimfudu zamapulangwe zamaqoqo azimele kulawulwa, futhi emazweni amaningi ase-US, ukuqoqwa kwezihuquzelayo ezingavamile akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Ikusasa lesikhathi eside lezi zimfudu zokhuni alinathemba elikhulu, yingakho zisohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN ngaphansi kwesigaba Sengcupheni, esibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II, futhi savikelwa eMichigan.
