Goby - inhlanzi eyintandokazi kulabo abahlala eduze nezilwandle nemifula yaseRussia eseningizimu. Izitsha ezimnandi nezinenhliziyo enhle zilungiswa kuwo, futhi ama-gobies aziswa kakhulu ekudobeni kwezimboni. Inyama yale nhlanzi icebile ngamavithamini nezinto ezincane ezidingekayo emzimbeni. Esifundeni ngasinye sezwe kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukile komunye nomunye futhi ezinezici zazo.
Incazelo nezici
Izinhlanzi ze-Goby kungoku-oda kwama-gobies kanye nomndeni wezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe. Umzimba wabo ubunjwe njengesigaxa, uhlanjululwe kahle. Ubanzi ekhanda kunasemsileni. Izikali zincane futhi ziminyene. Ikhanda likhulu, linebunzi elibanzi nxazonke, amehlo aqhamukile.
Ngokubukeka, inhlanzi ifana nenkunzi yenkomo, ebizwa ngegama layo. Ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-15 cm, futhi izinhlobo ezinkulu zifinyelela kubude obungaphezu kwama-cm 50. Isisindo sezinhlanzi ezincane sisuka ku-35 g, futhi ezinkulu zifinyelela ku-2 kg.
Amaphiko asemsileni nasemhlane made. I-dorsal fin iqukethe amathambo amaningana awukhuni futhi abukhali abizwa ngemisebe. Le fin ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, encane itholakala kancane eduze kwekhanda, ingxenye enkulu kakhulu isemsileni. Esifubeni nasesinqeni somsila, amaphiko amancane futhi ayindilinga.
Esiswini, enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, amaphiko ahlangana aba munye futhi akha uhlobo lwenkomishi yokudonsa. Ngosizo lwayo, inhlanzi ibambelela ezingibeni ezansi, ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile. Inamathela ngokuqinile ukuze inganyakazi lapho kunezivunguvungu namagagasi anamandla.
Umbala wesikali uhlukile kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ama-Gobies ngokuvamile ansundu noma aphuzi ngokukhanyayo anemigqa namabala ahlukene. Amaphiko angaba sobala, ansundu, noma abonakale.
Izinhlobo
Ama-Gobies ahlukaniswe cishe ngezinhlobo eziyi-1,400. Eziningi zazo zindala kakhulu. Zingaba yimifula noma impilo yasolwandle. Cishe abantu abangama-25 bahlala emachibini oLwandle Olumnyama izinhlobo ze-goby, futhi abathandi bezokudoba bavame ukubamba lezi zinhlanzi:
- Umphimbo kaGoby noma shirman. Umbala womzimba umpunga, kunamabhuleki aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinhlangothini, amaphiko anemigqa.
- I-Bighead goby noma ugogo. Inhlanzi imbala nsundu ngamabala amnyama futhi abomvu. Ikhanda liyisicaba kancane, umlomo mkhulu.
- UMartovik goby... Inhlanzi enkulu ekhula ize ifinyelele kuma-70 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-1.5 kg. Ikhanda likhulu, izigaxa zibanzi.
- I-sandpiper goby... Izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Ubude obungu-20 cm, bunesisindo esingu-200-350 amagremu. Izikali ziphuzi ngokukhanyayo, zinamaki amancane. Amaphiko ayakhanya. Esithombeni inkunzi, imvamisa kunzima ukubona, njengoba ihlangana nengaphansi kwesihlabathi.
- I-Round goby noma kutsak. Itholakala olwandle i-Azov neBlack. Umbala umnyama, ucishe ube mnyama. Uhlala emanzini amasha nasasawoti, phansi enhlabathini noma ngamatshe.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi le nhlanzi eyi-goby ibukeka ingabonakali. Umbala unesizotha, usayizi mncane. Kodwa-ke, amanye amazwe nawo anazo lezi zinhlanzi, zohlobo olwehlukile. Umbala wabo ungakhanya kakhulu, kusuka ku-orange kuya ku-blue. Bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi bangafinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ze-Goby zinokufana kwangaphandle nama-rotan. Zihlukaniswa ngokuma nosayizi wekhanda. Ku-rotan, ihlala ingxenye enkulu yomzimba; ngokumelene nemvelaphi yabo, ikhanda le-goby libukeka lincane. Uphawu lwesibili lokwehluka ukuma komzimba.
Ama-Rotan ayathopha, kanti ama-gobies anamandla amakhulu futhi acabalele kuphela eduze komsila. Okuningi ku i-rotan nenkunzi amaphiko ahlukene okhalo. Kokuqala, mancane kakhulu, kepha ayajiya. Uwasebenzisela ukuhamba ezansi, kanti i-goby ine-sucker lapho.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
AmaGobies ahlala e-Azov, Olwandle olumnyama, olweCaspian, olweMedithera nolweBaltic. Futhi kutholakala emifuleni: iMoscow, iVolga, iUral, iDnieper, iBug namachibi aseNingizimu Urals. Izinhlanzi zihola impilo yokuhlala olwandle nasematsheni aphansi emfuleni, phakathi kwesihlabathi namatshe.
Ehlobo azibhukudi ziye ekujuleni okukhulu, zitholakala kakhulu ngasogwini. Ama-Gobies ayizinhlanzi ezihamba kancane nezingaphumuli. Isikhathi esiningi zifihle phakathi kwamatshe naku-algae, zigobhozele odakeni. Bazimbela izimbobo esihlabathini, bashintshe indawo abahlala kuyo ebusika, babhukude bangene ezweni.
Lapho kuba nezinguquko ezinamandla emazingeni okushisa emanzini noma ezimweni zezulu ezingezinhle, ama-gobies ahluleka ukuhamba. Bawela kudoti, bayeke ukuzingela balinde izikhathi ezingcono.
Umbala wokufihla ubasiza ukuba bacashe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ama-Gobies aba yizisulu ze-pike-perch, i-sturgeon, ama-seal namahlengethwa e-Azov. Futhi ziyadliwa ngabamele abakhulu bezinhlobo zazo. Isibonelo, umphimbo ungazingela amafry abanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwezitha ezisemanzini, kukhona nalabo abafisa ukuzitika ngama-gobies emhlabeni. Lezi yizindwandwe, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinyoka nabantu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-Gobies afuna ukudla kusilika, phakathi kwamatshe naku-algae. Ukudla abakuthandayo ngama-crustaceans amancane nezimfanzi. Ziphinde zidle ama-mollusks, izibungu, izibungu ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi.
Ama-Gobies acasha ezindaweni zokukhosela futhi alinde inyamazane ukuthi ivele. Ngokushesha nje lapho lokhu kwenzeka, inhlanzi ivele iqhume ngokushesha futhi igwinye ukudla kuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho ucasha futhi bese elinda isabelo esisha.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo kukhona i-stefodon goby, engadli inyama. Udla ulwelwe nezinhlayiya zazo ezincane. Ngokuvamile, yilezi zinhlobo eziba yisisulu sezilwane ezidlayo izinhlobo ze-goby.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalisa le nhlanzi side. Ezasolwandle kanye amanzi angenasawoti iqala entwasahlobo iphele eduze nasekwindla. Abesilisa bavuthwe ngokuphelele ekupheleni kweminyaka emi-2 yokuphila. Umbala wabo uqala ukushintsha futhi ube mnyama ngamathoni amaningana.
Eyeduna ekulungele ukuzalisana ifuna indawo "yokwakha izidleke" phakathi kwamatshe nodaka. Kunabafakizicelo abaningana bendawo eyodwa. Bese izinhlanzi zihlela izimpi ukuze zivikele amalungelo azo. Bahlasela bodwa, ukunqoba okuqine kakhulu, futhi abahlulwayo bahlehle futhi babheke ezinye izinketho.
Abesilisa banesithembu futhi baheha abesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Zilala phansi bese zidlidliza ngamaphiko azo, zikhipha amagagasi e-ultrasonic nemisindo eguquguqukayo eheha abesifazane. Ngokulandelayo, abesifazane bayabhukuda bangene esidlekeni futhi bavundiswe. Bese bezalela.
Amaqanda ama-gobies anomumo omude, njengelayisi, futhi i-flagella ekhethekile yakhiwa kokunye kokugcina. Ngosizo lwawo, amaqanda abambelela ngokuqinile ematsheni noma ku-algae, abesabi isimo sezulu esibi neziphepho.
Ngayinye yezinsikazi ingabeka amaqanda ayi-2 000 kuya kwayi-8 000. Ngemuva kokujikijela, ziyabhukuda zihambe, kuthi ezeduna zihlale zinakekela i-caviar futhi ziyivikele kulabo abafuna ukudla, inyanga yonke. Ukunakekela kwabo amaqanda kuyefana nenqubo yokufukamela amaqanda ezinyonini. Inhlanzi ihlala ingaphezulu kwamaqanda bese ishaya amaphiko ayo ukuze iwanikeze umoya-mpilo.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela izibungu ezincane emaqandeni, eziba gazinga. Izingane ngokushesha zizimele futhi zizifunele ukudla. Okokuqala, badla ama-crustaceans amancane, futhi lapho bekhula bashintshela ekudleni okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinhlanzi sifushane kakhulu, ubuningi - iminyaka engu-5. Isimo sezinombolo siqashwe yizichthyologists. Njengoba ama-gobies abaluleke kakhulu embonini yokudoba, inani labo labantu alizinzile. Kwesinye isikhathi olwandle nasemachibini, ukwanda okunamandla kwamanani kuyaphawulwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuba ngenye indlela.
Abantu abahlala eduze noLwandle lwase-Azov bakhathazekile ngokulondolozwa kwenani lama-gobies. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, akuvunyelwe ukubamba izinhlanzi, ukuzulazula ezikebheni ezintantayo bese ubhoboza phansi.
Ukubamba nentengo
Isikhathi esihle sokubamba ama-gobies ekwindla. Ngoba ngaphambi kokuba ubusika bubhukude buye ezansi, izinhlanzi zizama ukugcina amandla futhi ziba namandla. Asebenza ubusuku nobusuku, futhi lapho sekusondele isikhathi sesidlo sasemini ukuluma kuyawohloka kakhulu.
Kunzima ukubamba ama-gobies esimweni sezulu esizolile. Lapho amanzi emile, ngokwesibonelo, echibini, ama-gobies anciphisa ukusebenza futhi acasha ezansi. Balinda ukuthi amanzi aqale ukuzamazama, ukuze amanzi angajulile anyakaze futhi alethe isisulu.
Esivunguvungwini esinamandla nasemagagasini, ama-gobies aya ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-15 - 20, futhi esimweni sezulu esinamafu nemvula babhukuda basondela ogwini. Isikhathi lapho ukudoba kungalethi ukudotshwa kungu-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zasolwandle ziqala ukuqhakaza futhi ama-gobies agcwele. Ngoba lokhu kuqhuma kuheha ama-crustaceans amaningi kanye nezakhamizi ze-benthic.
I-goby ingabanjwa nganoma iyiphi induku yokudoba, kokubili ukuphotha nokujwayela okuvamile. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa induku yokuphotha eyenzelwe izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ngoba ama-gobies mancane kakhulu kuyo. Ukuhola akufanele kube semugqeni impela womugqa, ngemuva kwawo kufanele kube cishe uhhafu wemitha kulayini, futhi ukuhola kufanele kube phansi ezansi.
Izimpahla zokudoba ezindizayo nazo ziyasetshenziswa, ngoba inhlanzi idonswa ukunyakaza okufana nokwesisulu sayo esijwayelekile. UGobies ngokuzithandela ukhonkotha isiheho lapho sihamba ngezansi, cishe u-5-15 cm, bese eyeka ngokungazelelwe. Ziyashesha zihlasele lapho inyamazane imile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa umugqa ophansi wokubhekana.
Izingwegwe kufanele zibe ne-shank ende, njengoba inhlanzi ibagwinya ngokujulile. Imvamisa abadobi bathatha izingwegwe ezinenombolo kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-12. Ukubamba i-goby kusuka ogwini, udinga induku ende, engafika kumamitha ama-3, futhi uma udoba esikebheni - amamitha ayi-1.5.
Izingcezu ezincane zenyama eluhlaza, isibindi noma ingxenye yomzimba wenkunzi encane esivele ibanjiwe ifanelekile njengesithiyelo. Ziluma kahle ama-shrimp, ama-crustaceans, iminenke, izikelemu kanye nama-squid tentacles. Futhi kusetshenziswa ama-spinner amancane, kusetshenziswa ama-microjig.
Inqubo yokudoba ilula. Udinga ukuphonsa kude, bese ulola kancane umugqa ngamajezi amancane, okungukuthi, yenza ukunyakaza okufanayo nenhlanzi encane yomfula. Okwamanje lapho isicupho siba yiqhwa, inkunzi izoyishaya, yenze udwi ukusuka lapho ngo-20 cm.
Into esemqoka ukuthi uqaphele futhi uthathe isikhathi sakho, ngoba inhlanzi ngeke ilume ngesiheho esihamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukudoba esikebheni, ungasebenzisa inqubo yokulinda. Ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu kusetshenziswa ama-microjig noma ama-vibrotails, ukudonsa ngokunyakaza okuncane.
Izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokudoba yilezi:
- izimvula ezinethe isikhathi eside;
- ukushisa komoya kusuka ku +10 kuya +27;
- indawo emthunzini, lapho ingajulile khona, ezihlahleni lapho amanzi emile khona futhi efudumele;
Izinhlanzi ezincane ezibandayo ezibandayo zisemakethe zisuka kuma-ruble angama-40 kuye kwangama-120 ngekhilogremu ngalinye. Okuningi ama-gobies amakhulu - kusuka ruble 130 kuya 500. Kwezokudoba, izinhlanzi zibanjwa phakathi nendawo kusukela olwandle i-Azov neBlack. Ngokuyinhloko ngiyisebenzisela ukudla okusemathinini, omisiwe futhi omisiwe.
Inhlanzi efriziwe ithengwa ngokwenza ama-cutlets, ngesobho lenhlanzi. Kuyaqabukela kuthosiwe ngoba kunamathambo kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ku-gobies yetamatisi. Zithengiswa zombili ezisemathinini futhi zilungiselelwe ekhaya.
Abantu abaningi bathanda ukudla ama-gobies nganoma iyiphi indlela. Le nhlanzi kuvele ukuthi ibinempilo futhi iyinambitheka kangangoba kumiswe itshe lesikhumbuzo ngenhloso yokuyihlonipha. Itholakala edolobheni laseYeysk, eKrasnodar Territory, emgwaqweni omkhulu, futhi ibizwa nge- "Bychok - King of the Sea of Azov."
Futhi kukhona isikhumbuzo eZaporozhye, eBerdyansk. Inikezelwe ku- "Goby - owondlayo". Ngoba phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abantu babebulawa yindlala. Kepha ngenxa yenyama enomsoco futhi enonile yale nhlanzi, amakhulu ezingane nabantu abadala basinda ngaphandle kokubulawa yindlala.
