Sihleli osebeni lomfula kusihlwa kuthule ehlobo, siyakujabulela ukuculwa kwama-cicadas, futhi asiqapheli ukuthi imvamisa akusona isinambuzane esisiculayo, kepha inyoni yekhilikithi... Udume ngalo msindo wokuqala.
Umculi, noma kunalokho umculi, angazwakala kahle ngaphezulu kwamanzi, kepha kunzima ukubona. Umuntu onezimpaphe unomlingiswa oyimfihlo, izimpaphe zokufihla nezinye izimfihlo ezimbalwa, ngenxa yalokho kuhlala kungaziwa. Ake sihlolisise lesi sidalwa.
Incazelo nezici
Amakhilikithi (i-Locustella) yizinyoni ezivela ku-oda lokudlula. Ngaphambilini, babengabomndeni wakwaWarbler, abafana nawo kakhulu. Babhekwa njengamatekisi "kadoti", futhi kamuva bahlukaniswa baba umndeni ohlukile ndawonye nama-warblers namabele ahlukahlukene. Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ngokubukeka zifana kakhulu nabaphikisi abaningi.
Usayizi mncane, cishe u-12-16 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-25 g.Izimpaphe zivame ukuba mpunga ngombala onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi zithuthukiswe ngamathoni omnqumo noma e-ocher. Zinomsila oqondile, olingene, obanzi, kwesinye isikhathi uyindilinga ekugcineni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi unyathele. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wabamele abaningi iphethini enesikhumba ekhanda, entanyeni, emuva nasemaphikweni wokuvikela amaphiko.
Yakhiwe ngamabala ahlukahlukene we-longitudinal wombala omnyama noma wamalahle, ubonakala ngokusobala emzimbeni ongenhla, eduze komhlane ongezansi kuba yinto engacacile nehlukile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abafana namantombazane awafani neze, ngaphandle kokuthi owokuqala unamahlumela amaningi "anemibala" phakathi kwamathoni ansundu ansundu.
Umlomo ubanzi ezansi, futhi ungaphansi ekugcineni. Izitolo ezisezansi komlomo azikho. Ezimpapheni zokundiza, okwesibili nokwesithathu yinde kakhulu.
Izinga eliyinhloko lenyoni ukuqapha kwayo okungavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyinyoni enhle kakhulu futhi ehambayo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani kunzima kakhulu ukumbona emakhasini aminyene, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthwebula. Ikhilikithi yezinyoni esithombeni uvame ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokuzingela kwakhe - ebuka otshanini. Mhlawumbe ngalesi sikhathi umatasa kakhulu ngalokho akuthandayo kangangokuba weqa inqubo yokuthwebula.
Ukudlala inyoni yekhilikithi - ukucula umfudlana obubulayo, umsindo wotshani obumenyezelayo, ukubhuza kwamabhamuza omoya emanzini. Ishaya amakhwela, irustles, iqhume kamnandi. Le misindo inconywa odokotela ngokulala okujulile nokunempilo.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lukakhilikithi njengamanje luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-20. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ezaziwa izakhamuzi emazweni amaningi, futhi kukhona endemics esivela endaweni eyodwa kuphela.
ERussia ungabona izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ikhilikithi yoMfula... Kuhlala indawo enkulu kusuka entshonalanga yeSiberia kuya empumalanga ye-Central Europe. I-specimen enkulu, efinyelela ku-16 cm.Ibonakala ngomsila oyindilinga. Izimpaphe ziqukethe amathoni omnqumo.
Imivimbo yamalahle esifubeni nasentanyeni. I-Belly - i-beige ekhanyayo, emnyama ngaphesheya kwemiphetho. Kufaka phakathi ekhonsathini yakhe imisindo eshubile "zer-zer-zerr", njengezintethe. Uhlabelela ekuphakameni kwama-5-8 m, bese ewela phansi njengetshe bese efihla emahlathini aminyene.
Lalela izwi lekhilikithi lomfula:
- Ikhilikithi enamabala... Usayizi ongaphansi kuka-12 cm, isisindo cishe esingu-15 g. Umbala ushokoledi ongaphezulu koboya obumpunga. Zonke zimbozwe ngamabala amnyama. Ama-specks anombala ofanayo wentsipho ayabonakala engxenyeni engezansi yesisu esimpunga esikhanyayo.
Ingena kakhulu ezwenikazi lethu kusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeYurophu, kulo lonke elaseSiberia, kuze kufike eziqhingini zaseJapan. Indizela eNingizimu ye-Asia ebusika.
Dlala ikhilikithi enamabala:
- Ikhilikithi yaseNightingale... Inyoni encane, efinyelela ku-14 cm ubude, isisindo - 15-22 g. Ifana kakhulu ne-nightingale ejwayelekile. Izimpaphe cishe azinayo iphethini ye-motley. Futhi ukucula kwakhe kunzima kakhulu kunakho konke, kuqukethe ama-trill nemisindo ehlukahlukene "umkhaza-umkhaza ... i-errr ... i-cyc, i-cyc, umgodi womgodi". Kuvela endaweni kusuka entshonalanga yeYurophu kuya ezintabeni zase-Ural. Ubusika e-Afrika, benza izindiza ezide ebusuku.
Lalela izwi lekhilikithi le-nightingale:
- Ikhilikithi yengoma... Usayizi ofika ku-16 cm, uhlala enyakatho ye-Asia. Ubusika eNingizimu Asia. Uhlabelela kakhulu, i-iridescent, ama-trill amnene. Nguye ogcinwa kamnandi ekhaya, uma enenhlanhla yokukubamba.
Yizwa iculo lekhilikithi lengoma:
- Inyoni ikhilikithi ejwayelekile - Umhlali wase-Europe, izidleke emaxhaphozini, emathafeni anamanzi nezimfunda. Ukutshiyoza kwayo "zirrr-zirr" kufana kakhulu nomsindo wekhilikithi noma wentethe.
- Ikhilikithi yaseTaiga... Ummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo, uphansi nje ngosayizi kondlunkulu. Kwenzeka kusukela eningizimu yeWestern Siberia kuye eKorea. Umsila unyathelwe, umzimba uvulekile. Kubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu Yesifunda SaseTomsk. Ucula ekuseni ngovivi.
Dlala ikhilikithi ye-taiga:
- Ikhilikithi lase-Okhotsk... Inyoni encane ye-nondescript ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeTatar Strait kanye nogu olungasempumalanga loLwandle i-Okhotsk, kanye neKamchatka, amaKuriles kanye ne-Commander Islands. Ubusika ePhilippines, eBorneo naseSulawesi.
- Isifuba seSiberia esinezinhlobonhlobo... Umhlali waseMpumalanga Ekude naseMpumalanga Siberia. Ukucula kufana nokuqhekeka noma ukubhuza kokudluliselwa kwamandla aphezulu "trz-trzzzz"
- Isifuba Esincane Esiphekiwe... Umhlali waseningizimu neMpumalanga yeSiberia. Ezimpapheni, imibala ebomvu ngokubomvu ifakwa kancane kwimibala empunga. Ingoma inamaqoqo amabili "tzi ... tzi". Ucula ekuseni nasebusuku.
Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo kubhekwe ukuthi icule ngokwehlukile. Kepha bahlanganiswe ukungabikho kokwehluka kobulili okuvelele, ngaphezu kwalokho, banikeza amakhonsathi asebenza kakhulu kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoni zekhilikithi ngokuvamile aziqapheli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zihlakaniphile. Amanye amaduna "awaculi" ngqo esidlekeni sawo, kepha zama ukundiza.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amakhilikithi yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Zakha eYurophu noma e-Asia, kuthi ebusika zindizele emazweni ashisayo - ezwenikazi elikude lase-Afrika noma emazweni aseningizimu ne-Asia.
Indiza inde, kwesinye isikhathi ithatha izinyanga ezine noma ngaphezulu. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, izinyoni zivela ezindaweni zazo zomdabu, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti zilungiselela ukuhamba. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi abahlali isikhathi eside kwelinye izwe.
Indlela yokuphila iyisici sabo esiyinhloko. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini, behamba kuso ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukusho ngokunemba kakhudlwana, lezi zinyoni zindiza kancane futhi zingathandi, okuyinto engajwayelekile kubantu abadlulayo. Kepha otshanini babaleka futhi bacashe ngobuciko njengezimpuku, futhi bakhuphuke ngesivinini amahlathi nezitshalo.
Ukuzijabulisa abakuthandayo ukuhlala eduze nomfula, lapho kunomswakama, utshani obukhulu obukhulu, amahlathi eminyezane. Abanye ngokuvamile bazama ukuhlala emhlangeni. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhona nabathandi bezindawo ezomile, kepha lokhu kungukuhluka komthetho.
Ekuthunjweni, le nyoni kuyaqabukela igcinwe, ngoba kunzima ukuyibamba. Kepha uma ukwazile ukuthola inyoni yekhilikithi, mnikeze indawo yokukhosela encane esibayeni, ubeke isihlahla esincane. Ungafaka ubhavu omncane uphuze ubhavu, kufanele ugcwaliswe ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi inyoni itshiyoza njengekhilikithi, izinambuzane, ezaqanjwa ngaye, ziwukudla kwazo. Izinyoni zekhilikithi zinezimpaphe eziyinambuzane ngokuphelele. Zimunca izimpukane, omiyane, amabhungane nezibungu zazo, ojekamanzi abancane, izinambuzane ezinyakazayo nezigxumayo.
Ekwindla kuphela abazivumela ukuthi bengeze amajikijolo kanye nembewu kwimenyu, njengoba kuba nzima kakhulu ngezinambuzane. Izinyoni zizingela ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, zibamba ngesivinini futhi zilunguze isisulu sazo. Kuyafaneleka ukwengeza lapha ukuthi izinyoni zinombono ocijile.
Kunzima kakhulu ukubona izinambuzane ezinombala ofanayo emhlabathini omnyama, kodwa umzingeli ubhekana nalo msebenzi. Uma inyoni ihlala ehokweni lakho, izingxube zezinyoni ezinambuzane zilungele njengokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane eziphilayo, ezinjengezibungu zokudla, kumele zibe khona ekudleni kwengane.
Manje ezitolo zezilwane ungathenga amaphela, izinkumbi namakhilikithi afanayo. Abanye abantu bathenga i-wax moth kubafuyi bezinyosi, kuyasiza nasezinyonini. Zonke izinhlobo "zamacimbi ezinqunu" zingafakwa kokuphakelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ziyajabula ukushwabadela izimvemvane zeklabishi.
Lapha amaqanda ezintuthwane akudingeki anikezwe kaningi, angaba yi-allergenic kwezinye izinyoni. Inketho enhle kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu izintethe. Izinambuzane zingaba yiqhwa, kuphela ezingxenyeni ezincane, ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyoni ezijwayelekile zokubuyisana ziyizidalwa ezizodwa. Amabili adalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika endaweni yokwakha izidleke. Isidleke sakhiwa ngqo emhlabathini noma phansi ngeziqu zezitshalo noma zomhlanga. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabesifazane, hhayi ikakhulukazi ukuzihlupha ngokufuna izinto zokwakha.
Imvamisa kusetshenziswa ubulembu nezinsalela zezitshalo ezinomuthi. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-4-6. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe amaviki ama-2, bobabili abazali babandakanyekile. Amaphuphu avela nawo adliswa ndawonye.
Kudlula amasonto ambalwa, futhi izinyoni ezincane ziphuma ziphuma esidlekeni. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ziphila cishe iminyaka engu-4-5. Ukuthi bahlala isikhathi esingakanani ezimweni zemvelo akukaziwa kangako ngenxa yemfihlo yabo.
Kuboniswe isidleke senyoni yekhilikithi
Amaqiniso Athandekayo.
- Ukuvimbela inyoni ekutholeni isisindo esibayeni, mthengele izinambuzane ezincane. Okuncanyana isampuli, amafutha amancane namaprotheni akuqukethe, kanye ne-chitin ewusizo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuthenga abantu abadala uma kungenzeka.
- I-Locustella (Locustella) ... Kulabo abazi umlando omncane, igama lizwakala lisongela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwavela egameni likashukela omkhulu woMbuso WaseRoma wekhulu lokuqala AD - uLocusta. Wayesolwa ngamacala amaningi aphezulu. Wakha ubuthi obunekhono, waphinde wazithatha kancane ukuze athole ukuzivikela kuzo. Ngakho-ke, kwaba cishe akunakwenzeka ukumfaka ushevu. Igama lomuzi lacindezela igama lalesi sinambuzane izinkumbi ezifudukayo (Locusta migratoria), okubhekwa njengokudla okunzima futhi okunzima ukukuqothula. Futhi kakade kusukela isikhonyane igama wathuthela Heroine yethu. Kepha lapha imisindo edumile yokuqhekeka isebenze njengesici esichazayo.
