I-ermine yisilwane esincane esithwala uboya somndeni we-weasel. Izilwane zalo mndeni sezithole ukuthandwa kabanzi ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okuhle nezinye izindaba ezaqanjwa ngabantu abehlukene futhi kamuva zaba uhlobo lwezinganekwane.
Abantu besikhathi esidlule babenombono wokuthi uma ukungcola kungena engutsheni yoboya eyi-ermine eyigugu, isilwane sizokufa. Ngakho-ke, babemhlonipha futhi bezama ukumvikela. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakusetshenziswa uboya obubalulekile ekwakheni imihlobiso yezigqoko, izembatho futhi, empeleni, kwakungumhlobiso omuhle wezingubo.
Ukukhulunywa nge-ermine kungatholakala nakwezobuciko, lapho ubuntu bakhe buveza ubumsulwa nokuziphatha. Ngisho nomdwebi omkhulu uLeonardo da Vinci, kumdwebo wakhe othi The Lady with the Ermine, wagcizelela bonke ubuhle nobumsulwa bokuziphatha kukaCecilia Galleroni omkhulu, owaziwa ngemigomo yakhe nangokufunda.
Futhi nanamuhla, abaningi babheka lesi silwane esincane futhi esintofontofo njengesibonelo samuntu wokuhlonishwa nokuziphatha.
Incazelo nezici
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-ermines angabameleli abajwayelekile bama-weasel, ukubukeka kwawo kufana ncamashi nesinye isilwane esithandwayo ngokulinganayo - i-weasel. Kwesinye isikhathi baze badideke. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, esefunde ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici ezidingekayo, umuntu uqaphela ngokushesha umehluko othile.
I-ermine incane ngosayizi kun "umngane" wayo oseduze, umsila wayo mfushane futhi ijazi loboya linombala ohlukile (yize izici ezivelele ze-weasel kusuka e-ermine zisengusayizi wesilwane nobude bomsila, ngoba cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi zinombala ofanayo woboya) ...
Incazelo emfushane yesilwane:
- inomzimba omuhle, omncane, kodwa oguquguqukayo, ubude bawo obufinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu ubude;
- umsila mude kakhulu - kufika kumasentimitha ayishumi nanye;
- isisindo somuntu omdala ngokuvamile singama-180-210 amagremu;
- njengabanye abamele abaningi, abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa;
- ermine - isilwane-umzingeli.
Lezi zilwane ziyamangaza ikakhulukazi ehlobo - isikhathi lapho umbala we-ermine ushintsha kancane, futhi uboya buba nemibala emibili. Umhlane, kanye nenhloko, kunsundu; isisu, kanye nesifuba, kuphuzi. Esikhathini sasebusika, isimo ngokushintshwa kombala sihluke kancane.
Ebusika, ungathola i-ermine emhlophe njengeqhwa enoboya obusilika nethiphu emnyama yomsila (ngasendleleni, kungalesi sizathu ukuthi ungasibona kalula isilwane). Iphuzu lomsila aliguquki umbala unyaka wonke. Inani loboya be-ermine linqunywa izindleko zalo eziphakeme kanye nokutholakala kwalo kubakhiqizi bejazi loboya.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuba yizilwane ezincane futhi ezingenangqondo, ermines bukhoma cishe kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia. Ziye zabonakala nase-Asia, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, eChina (engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga), eMongolia, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yiNyakatho Melika, noma kunalokho - iCanada, ingxenye esenyakatho ye-United States (kungabalwa iThafa Elikhulu), iGreenland.
Encwadini! Abantu bake bazama ukufuya izizinda zasemayini endaweni yaseNew Zealand ukunciphisa isibalo sonogwaja. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awusalawuleki, futhi izilwane ezidlayo azizange zikwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wazo wokuqala kuphela, kepha zaqala nokulimaza ezinye izilwane nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi i-kiwi.
I-ermine ayihlali ezifundeni zase-Asia Ephakathi (ngokunembile, ezingwadule ezishisayo) naseziqhingini zase-Arctic, ezaziwa ngamakhaza amabi kakhulu.
Imvamisa, ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala unomphela yisilwane kuthonywa yizici eziningi, ezinjengenani lamagundane, ukuba khona kwemifula eseduze, amachibi, izihlahla, izimo zezulu kanye nezinye.
Ekujuleni kwehlathi, i-ermine ayivelakancane. Uthanda ukuhlala ekuhlanzeni, emaphethelweni ehlathi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zindawo kufanele zifihlwe. Ehlathini lehlathi, uhlala emahlathini ase-spruce, emahlathini e-alder, emihosheni. Azizwa esaba kakhulu lapho exhumana nabantu, kwesinye isikhathi aze azinze ezingadini noma emasimini.
Lapho kufika uzamcolo, lesi silwane sithuthelekela endaweni ebesihlala kuyo phambilini. Uthanda ukuchitha ubusika eduze nemizana, izindawo zokuhlala (izindawo lapho ukugxila kwamagundane kuphakeme kakhulu). Kwesinye isikhathi i-ermine ingabonakala kufula, esiqwini sesihlahla, noma enqwabeni ejwayelekile yamatshe.
Unesizotha kakhulu ekukhetheni ikhaya, kepha akazimbeli imigodi, esebenzisa okwenziwe ngomumo (iminks nezinye izindawo zokukhosela). Iqiniso elithandekayo - abantu bobulili bobabili abahlali ndawonye unyaka wonke futhi babonwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokwenza ucansi.
Emini ermine imvamisa ifihla, isebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngokwemvelo yaso, isilwane siyashesha impela, siyingcweti futhi siyakwazi ukuguquguquka, futhi siyi-diver enhle kakhulu, ukubhukuda.
Njengoba sekucacile manje ermine - isilwane esivela emndenini we-ferret, umhlaseli omncane futhi obonakala emuhle, ohamba ngokushesha okukhulu ukusuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye, cishe akabesabi abantu (kepha uma kwenzeka ingozi ingakwazi "ukuluma" ngokuqinile) futhi uyomela igazi (futhi, ngezikhathi zengozi). Esimweni esizolile, akenzi misindo, uyathula, kepha lapho ejabule, uyakwazi ukukhala kakhulu, atshiyoze futhi akhonkothe.
Lezi zilwane ezincane zibhukuda kahle kakhulu, futhi zikhuphuka ezihlahleni noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo. Kepha imvamisa zizingela phansi, ngoba kulapho kuhlala khona inyamazane.
Isici esihlukile esingajwayelekile singabizwa ngokuthi lezi zilwane zomndeni "weasel" azikwazi ukuhlala nothile (ekuthunjweni). Ekungabibikho kwenkululeko isikhathi eside, bayayeka ukuthola inzalo, ngakho-ke, bafa ngokushesha.
Umuntu ngamunye unensimu yakhe, enganweba ngaphezu kwendawo engamahektha ayi-15. Bahlala bodwa (owesilisa uhlangana nowesifazane kanye ngonyaka). Bahlala bashintsha amakhaya abo (bangene emigodini yamagundane abababulele).
Ukondla isitofu
I-ermine, yize ibukeka kahle futhi ingenangozi, iseyisilwane esidlayo. Isisekelo sokudla amagundane e-vole namanye amagundane amakhulu.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, izitofu (ikakhulukazi abesifazane) zivame ukungena emigodini emincane futhi zidlule inyamazane yazo lapho. Kunzima kakhulu kwabesilisa ukwenza lokhu ngenxa yokwakheka kwabo okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ngabesifazane ababhekwa njengabazingeli abanolwazi oluningi ngamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.
Iziteki azihlaseli kaningi:
- izinambuzane;
- hares;
- izinyoni namaqanda azo;
- inhlanzi;
- inyoka.
Ukubulala isisulu, isilwane siluma ngemuva kwekhanda. Uma isisulu sisaphila, siphinda ukuluma. Izinhlanzi ziyasetshenzwa kusetshenziswa ukubona, amagundane ahlolwa kusetshenziswa umuzwa wephunga, kuthi izinambuzane zilandelwe kusetshenziswa umsindo. Lapho kufika izikhathi zendlala, abanye abantu abachitha indawo baqala ukweba ukudla okubandayo (inyama, inhlanzi) kubantu.
Ukudla kusekelwe kuma-hamsters, ama-chipmunks, ama-muskrats, ama-vole mouse shrews nabanye abaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-hares, izingwejeje nezinyoni. Lapho kufika izikhathi zokulamba, i-ermine ishintsha indlela yayo yokudla ejwayelekile ibe lapho amaqanda, inhlanzi, amaselesele, izibankwa, izinambuzane zivelela khona (abamele abathathu bokugcina abavamile ukuzingelwa). Ukuhlaselwa njalo kwama-partridges, onogwaja, i-hazel grouse, i-wood grouse (izilwane ezinkulu kune-ermine).
Ngendlela, i-ermine, ngokungafani ne-weasel, imvamisa ikhetha izilwane ezikhule ngokuphindwe ka-1.5-2 kunayo uqobo. Iningi lazo selivele selisohlwini, kepha lolu hlu lubandakanya nama-voles amanzi, amalimu nezinye eziningi. Ngokudla okweqile, isilwane sikugcinela ikusasa.
Izitha
Ama-Ermines avame ukuhlaselwa izimpungushe ezibandayo, izinyoni ezidla inyama, izikhova ezibandayo, ama-lynx nama-martens, ama-sables, ama-elk, izimpungushe, ama-badger nezinye izilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi ikati elijwayelekile lendlu lihlasela kanjani isilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Owesifazane oyedwa noma owesilisa angaba nabalingani abaningi. Kalula nje, izitofu yizilwane zesithembu ezizala kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokwenza ucansi sithatha ubusika nehlobo (isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezine - siqala ngomhlaka-20 kuFebhuwari bese siphela eduze kukaJuni).
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bahamba izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye noma eziyishumi. Ukukhula kombungu "kungama" kuze kube sekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi sekuvele kuzalwa ama-May (cishe unyaka ngemuva kokukhulelwa uqobo).
Insikazi isebenza kuphela ekukhuliseni nasekondleni. Imvamisa, kusuka kumuntu oyedwa, kungabonakala amawundlu ayishumi nanhlanu (ama-5-10 ama-PC amaphakathi). Ekuqaleni kokuphila, isisindo sabo sicishe sibe amagremu amane, futhi ubude babo bungamamilimitha amathathu, ababoni lutho, abezwa lutho futhi abanamazinyo (baqala ukubona kahle ngemuva kwenyanga eyodwa noma kamuva).
Futhi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu abakwazi neze ukuhlukaniswa nabantu abadala. Eduzane naphakathi nehlobo, bayakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo bebodwa.
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokuphelele ngokwanele ngokwanele - ngenyanga yesithathu noma yesine, kepha kwabesilisa isimo sihluke kancane - bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kuphela ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa. Abesilisa asebekhulile abavuthiwe ngokocansi bavame ukudlula insikazi encane, iminyaka yayo engeqi ezinyangeni ezimbili, futhi immboze ngokuphelele.
Ngokwemvelo, le ndlela yokuphila yezinhlobo zezilwane ayivelakancane. Iminyaka yobudala umuntu angaphila kuyo iminyaka eyisikhombisa (imvamisa iminyaka emibili noma emithathu).
Yini ukubaluleka kwezitokisi kubantu?
Lokhu akusho ukuthi iziteki azinabungozi ngokuphelele. Okwamanje kwengozi, ikakhulukazi uma le ngozi nobudlova buvela kumuntu othize, isilwane sizomhlasela kalula simlume noma simklwebhe kabi. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo, lapho umuntu evela phezulu, i-ermine izama ukumtadisha ngokucophelela, cabanga
Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo zokukhosela ziyacekelwa phansi, ikhwalithi nenani lokudla liyawohloka futhi kwenziwa ukuzingelwa njalo, inani lezilwane ezidlayo lehle kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ngokungangabazeki ukuzingela. Phambilini, amajazi oboya, izigqoko nezinye izinto zenziwa ngoboya, kepha lokhu kwaphazamisa inani labo.
I-Stoat ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Izinzuzo zalesi silwane esincane esixakile zisobala - zibulala izilwane ezigulayo, amagundane e-vole nezinye. Elinye izwe lize lakuvimbela nokuzingelwa kwe-ermine.
Amaqiniso Anesithakazelo…
- kwamanye amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele nokungabikho kobusika, izilwane azishintshi umbala wazo wengubo yoboya, aziguquki zibe mhlophe. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uze uwalethe ezindaweni ezibandayo, amadolobha (eSiberia, eRussia kungashiwo njengesibonelo). Kakade lapho, ziqala ukushintsha ngokushesha zibe mhlophe (imvamisa ngeviki). Ama-Ermines akwazi ukulawula umbala wejazi lawo loboya ngenxa yesimo sezulu;
- isilwane siphendula ngokushesha okukhulu kuyo yonke into, uma kwenzeka sihlaselwa umuntu noma esinye isilwane, sihlasela futhi sibuhlungu kabuhlungu;
- ingabulala isibankwa kalula, inyoka noma ibambe inhlanzi khona lapho emanzini (ngisho nokushisa kwe-subzero akunandaba kulokhu);
- ngemuva kokuthi i-ermine ibambe futhi ibulale igundane lamanzi, ngokushesha uzabela yonke impahla yayo;
- udla kaningi ngokwanele (angafa uma kungekho ukudla amahora ayishumi);
- abesifazane (65-70 amagremu) alula kakhulu futhi amancane ngosayizi kunabesilisa (kufika ku-250 amagremu);
- phambi kwendlu ehlala abantu, eseduze nendawo yokuhlala i-ermine, uqala ukweba zombili izinkukhu namaqanda azo.
