Lakedra - izinhlanzi zesikole zama-mackerel ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Kwenzeka ezilwandle ezakhelene neNhlonhlo YaseKorea neziqhingi zesiqhingi saseJapan. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane zasolwandle zaseJapan ngakho-ke kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-lakedra yaseJapan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamanye amagama amaningi ajwayelekile: i-yellowtail, lacedra i-yellowtail.
Incazelo nezici
ILakedra idla ipuleti, inhlanzi ye-pelagic. Isisindo salesi sidlo sifinyelela kuma-40 kg, ubude bufinyelela ku-1.5 m. Inhloko inkulu, ikhombe; ubude bayo bucishe bube ngu-20% wobude bomzimba obulinganiselayo. Umlomo ubanzi, wehle kancane ubheke phansi. Engxenyeni emaphakathi yayo kukhona amehlo ayindilinga ane-iris emhlophe.
Umzimba uvulekile, ucindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini, kuyaqhubeka nokuhlelwa kwekhanda okuhambisanayo. Izikali ezincane zinikeza i-lachedra ukukhanya kwe-metallic sheen. Ngemuva kwe-yellowtail kumnyama phambili, ingxenye engezansi icishe ibe mhlophe. Umugqa ophuzi onemiphetho efiphele ugijima kuwo wonke umzimba, cishe maphakathi. Inwebeka ngaphezu komkhawulo we-caudal bese iyinika umbala we-safari.
I-dorsal fin ihlukene phakathi. Ingxenye yayo yokuqala, emfushane iqukethe imiqolo engu-5-6. Ingxenye ende ihlala sonke isigamu sesibili sangemuva kuye kanye emsileni. Inemisebe engu-29-36, iyancipha njengoba isondela emsileni. Ingquza yangemuva inezinsipho ezintathu kuqala, ezimbili kuzo zimbozwe isikhumba. Engxenyeni yokugcina, kunemisebe engu-17 kuya kwengu-22.
Izinhlobo
ILakedra ifakiwe kusihlukanisi semvelo ngaphansi kwegama elithi Seriola quinqueradiata. Ingxenye yohlobo lwe-Seriola noma iSeriola, lezi zinhlanzi ngokwesiko zibizwa ngemisila ephuzi. Ezincwadini zesiNgisi, igama elithi amberjack livame ukusetshenziswa, elingahunyushwa ngokuthi "i-amber pike" noma "umsila we-amber". Kanye ne-lacedra, uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-9:
- I-yellowtail yase-Asia noma iSeriola aureovitta.
- I-yellowtail yaseGuinea noma umbazi weSeriola.
- I-amberjack yaseCalifornia noma iSeriola dorsalis.
- I-amberjack enkulu noma i-Seriola dumerili.
- I-amberjack encane noma i-Seriola fasciata.
- Inhlanzi kaSamson noma izimvubu zaseSeriola uGünther.
- INingizimu Amberjack noma iSeriola lalandi Valenciennes
- I-yellowtail yasePeru noma iSeriola peruana Steindachner.
- I-yellowtail emthende noma iSeriola zonata.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-serioles yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ezisatshalaliswa olwandle olufudumele lweWorld Ocean. Amalungu amaningi ohlobo lweSeriola afunwa ngabadobi bokuzilibazisa, cishe bonke abadotshwa ngenjongo yokuthengisa. Ngaphezu kwezindlela zendabuko zokudoba, ama-yellowtails atshalwa emapulazini ezinhlanzi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ezalwe engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, oLwandle i-East China, ama-yellowtail amazinyane afudukela ngasenyakatho endaweni yamanzi eseduze nesiqhingi saseHokkaido. Kulesi sifunda ILacedra ihlala iminyaka eyi-3-5 yokuqala yempilo yakhe.
Izinhlanzi zithola isisindo esisezingeni eliphezulu bese ziya eningizimu ziyokukhiqiza kabusha. Ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, amaqembu e-lachedra anomsila ophuzi angatholakala enqenqemeni eseningizimu yeHonshu. Ngaphezu kokufuduka kusuka ezindaweni eziyinhloko kuya ezindaweni ezizalisayo, i-lakedra yenza ukufuduka kokudla kaningi.
Ukuba kwelinye lamazinga aphakeme kakhulu kochungechunge lokudla, ama-yellowtails ahambisana nezikole zezinhlanzi ezincane: ama-anchovies aseJapan, ama-mackerels nabanye. Lokho, nakho, kuhamba ngemuva kokudla okuncane kakhulu: ama-crustaceans, i-plankton. Ukudla amaqanda ezinhlanzi endleleni, kufaka phakathi imisila ephuzi.
Le ndawo ezuzisayo ngokudla okunomsoco kwesinye isikhathi iba yingozi. Izinhlanzi ezisesikoleni ezinjenge-anchovies ziyinto edotshwa ngemfucuza. Ukuzihlinzekela ngokudla, i-lakedra enomsila ophuzi ilandela izinsalela zokudla okungaba khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, baba yizisulu zokudoba ezibhekiswe kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Ukuhweba ngokudoba i-lacedra
Ukudoba okuhlosiwe okuthengiswayo kwe-yellowtail lachedra kwenzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini. Igiya lokudoba ikakhulukazi ukubhekana nezingwegwe. Ngokunjalo, kusetshenziswa imikhumbi yokudoba enjenge-longliners. Ukuhweba ngokudoba kwasolwandle kwenziwa ngezinga elincane, cishe kuphakanyiswe ngokuphelele ukutshalwa kwe-yellowtail emapulazini ezinhlanzi.
Ukudoba ezemidlalo kwe-lachedra ephuzi kunomsila wokuzilibazisa kwabadobi be-amateur eMpumalanga Ekude. Le ndlela yokudoba yaseRussia ichume kungekudala, kusukela ngama-90s wekhulu lokugcina. Abadobi bokuqala abanenhlanhla bacabanga ukuthi babanjiwe ituna. Lakedra kwakungaziwa kakhulu kubalandeli basekhaya bezokudoba.
Kepha izindlela zokudoba, izindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nesithiyelo senziwa kahle cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Manje, abadobi abavela emadolobheni amaningi omfelandawonye bayeza eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia ukuzwa injabulo yokudlala i-lachedra. Abanye bayodoba eKorea naseJapan.
Indlela esemqoka yokubamba i-yellowtail ngukunyathela. Lokho wukuthi, ukuhambisa isicupho ngomkhumbi osheshayo. Kungaba yisikebhe esingangeniswa noma i-elite motor yacht.
Imvamisa, i-lachedra enomsila ophuzi uqobo isiza abadobi. Iqala ukuzingela i-anchovy, iqembu lemisila ephuzi lizungeze isikole sezinhlanzi. Ama-anchovies ahlangana eqenjini elinyene futhi akhuphukele phezulu. Okubizwa nge- "boiler" kuyakhiwa.
Ama-seagulls, alawula ingaphezulu lolwandle, aqoqana ngaphezulu kwepayipi, ahlasela iqoqo le-anchovy. Abadobi bona, baholwa yizinhlanzi zasolwandle, basondela kubhayela ngezinsimbi zamanzi bese beqala ukudoba i-yellowtail. Kulesi simo, ukusetshenziselwa ukuphotha ama-wobblers nokuphonsa izicupho noma ukunyathela kungasetshenziswa.
Abadobi abanolwazi bathi izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zingabanjwa emikhawulweni eseningizimu yendawo ye-lakedra - ogwini lwaseKorea. Imvamisa, ukubamba okubizwa nge- "pilker" kusetshenziselwa lokhu. Lo mgibe odonsayo wokudoba mpo usetshenziselwa ukudoba i-yellowtail enesisindo esingu-10-20 ngisho no-30 kg. Lokhu kuyakuqinisekisa lachedra esithombeniokwenziwa i-angler enenhlanhla.
Ukulima okwenziwe nge-lachedra
Ama-yellowtails abelokhu edlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwaseJapan. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwakungabahlali baseziqhingini zaseJapan ababa ngabalandeli bokulima okwenziwe ngemisila yomsila ophuzi.
Konke kwaqala ngo-1927 esiqhingini saseJapan iShikoku. Esifundeni saseKagawa, ingxenye yendawo yamanzi engamamitha-skwele angamakhulu amaningana yabiyelwa ngenethiwekhi. Imisila ephuzi ebanjwe olwandle yakhishelwa ezindizeni zasolwandle ezakhiwe. Esigabeni sokuqala, lezi kwakuyizinhlanzi zeminyaka ehlukene futhi, ngokufanele, osayizi abahlukene be-fish-lacedra.
Isipiliyoni sokuqala asiphumelelanga kangako. Izinkinga ngokulungiselela okuphakelayo nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi zizenze zazwakala. Kepha ukuhlolwa kwe-lachedra ekhulayo kwakungeyona inhlekelele ngokuphelele. Iqoqo lokuqala le-yellowtail epulazi laqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1940. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-lacedra kwakhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Kwenyuka ngo-1995 lapho kufakwa amathani ayi-170,000 e-yellowtail lacedra emakethe yezinhlanzi yaphesheya.
Kulesi sigaba samanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-yellowtail eyakhiwe ngokwenziwe kwehle kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokulinganiswa okuphelele kwenani lemikhiqizo yasolwandle evunwa endaweni yemvelo futhi ikhuliswe emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kweJapan, iSouth Korea ibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulimeni i-lachedra. ERussia, ukukhiqizwa kwe-yellowtail akuthandwa kangako ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu.
Inkinga enkulu evela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ingumthombo wokuqukethwe, okungukuthi, izibungu. Inkinga yefry ixazululwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Zitholakala ngokufukamisela okwenziwayo. Ngendlela yesibili, gazinga le-lacedra liyabanjwa emvelweni. Zombili lezi zindlela ziyasebenza futhi azithembeki kakhulu.
Kusuka oLwandle lwaseNingizimu China, kudlula iziqhingi zaseJapan, iKuroshio Current enamandla igijima emagatsheni amaningi. Yilo msinga othatha okusanda kuvela futhi okhule wafika ku-1.5 cm gazinga le-lacedra. Ichthyologists bathole izindawo ukubukeka kwabo ngobuningi. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kusethwe amanetha okucupha anezindwangu ezincane endleleni ye-yellowtail encane.
Ukubamba i-lakedra yentsha efanelekile yokuqhubeka nokukhuluphisa sekuyinzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwabadobi baseJapan, abaseKorea nabaseVietnam bathatha lo msebenzi. Konke ukusikwa kuthengiswa emapulazini okudoba eJapan.
Izingane ezibanjiwe, ezizalwe mahhala azanele ukulayisha ngokugcwele amapulazi ezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokukhiqiza okwenziwe ngezibungu ze-yellowtail iye yenziwa kahle. Le yinqubo ecashile, ebucayi. Ukuqala ngokulungiswa nokunakekelwa komhlambi wezinhlanzi ezizalisayo, kugcine ngokwakhiwa kwesisekelo sefolishi sotshani obuchotshoziwe.
Kwinqwaba eyodwa yezilwane ezincane kunabantu abanobukhulu obuhlukile nobungqabavu. Ukugwema ukudla ngezinhlobo ezinkudlwana zozakwabo ababuthakathaka, i-gazinga ihlelwa. Ukuqoqwa ngosayizi kuvumela nokukhula ngokushesha komhlambi wonkana.
AmaJuvenile anosayizi ofanayo afakwa ezinkanjini ezifakwe emanzini. Esigabeni esikhulayo, i-lakedra inikezwa ngokudla okususelwa ezingxenyeni zemvelo zasolwandle: ama-rotifers, ama-nauplii shrimps. I-Artemia. Ukudla kwentsha kuthuthukiswe ngama-acid agcwele, amavithamini, izinto ezibalulekile kanye nemithi.
Njengoba intsha ikhula, idluliselwa ezitsheni ezinkulu. Ngekhwalithi yamakheji epulasitiki acwilisiwe azikhombise ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Ukuthola imisila ephezulu ephuzi esigabeni sokugcina, kungasetshenziswa uthango lwensimbi olunomthamo wama-50 * 50 * 50 m.
Izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-2-5 kg kubhekwa ukuthi zifinyelele usayizi ongamaketha. I-Lakedra yaleli banga lesisindo ivame ukubizwa nge-hamachi eJapan. Kuthengiswa kusanda kupholiswa, kufakwe amakhaza, kulethwe ezindaweni zokudlela bese kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iqandisiwe.
Ukwenza inzuzo enkulu, i-lakedra ivame ukukhula ibe isisindo esingu-8 kg noma ngaphezulu. Inhlanzi enjalo isetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla okusemathinini nemikhiqizo eqediwe. Isisindo se-lachedra esitshaliwe sinqunywa izimfuno zemakethe, kepha futhi kungaxhomeka ezimweni zezulu. Ukufudumala kwamanzi, kukhula ngokushesha kwenqwaba yezinhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi eziningi ezifuywayo zilethwa kumakhasimende bukhoma. Kepha lokhu akusebenzi ku-yellowtail. Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kumthengi, umuntu ngamunye uyabulawa futhi ancishwe amandla. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe esitsheni esineqhwa.
Isidingo sezinhlanzi esimeni esisha sha sikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kweziqukathi ezikhethekile zokuvezwa ngokweqile nokulethwa kwezinhlanzi. Kepha lobu buchwepheshe kuze kube manje busebenzela amaklayenti e-VIP kuphela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, imisila ephuzi, lapho izalwa, iqala ukushwabadela ama-crustaceans amancane, konke okubizwa ngegama elijwayelekile elithi plankton. Njengoba ukhula, usayizi wezindebe uyanda. I-yellowtail lacedra inesimiso esilula sokudla: udinga ukuthola nokugwinya konke okuhambayo nokulingana nosayizi.
ILakedra ivame ukuhambisana nemihlambi ye-herring, i-mackerel, i-anchovy fish. Kepha ukuzingela ezinye, zingaba yisisulu kwezinye izilwane ezinkulu. Intsha yonyaka iyathinteka ikakhulukazi.
Ama-yellowtails namanye ama-horse mackerel kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila aba yisisulu sokudotshwa ngenhloso yokuhweba. ILakedra ithathe indawo yayo efanelekile ekuphekeni kwezitsha zezinhlanzi zaseMpumalanga naseYurophu. AmaJapan angompetha ekuphekeni kwe-yellowtail.
Ukwelashwa okwaziwa kakhulu ezweni lonke yi-hamachi teriyaki, okungasho lutho ngaphandle kwe-lakedra ethosiwe. Imfihlo yonke yokunambitheka ilele kwi-marinade, equkethe umhluzi wedashi, i-mirin (iwayini elimnandi), i-soy sauce nangenxa yalokho.
Konke kuyaxubeka. I-marinade evelayo ineminyaka engama-20-30 imizuzu lachedra inyama... Bese kuthosiwe. Njengoba izinongo zimi: u-anyanisi oluhlaza, upelepele, ugalikhi, uwoyela wemifino nowezilwane. Konke lokhu kufakwa kwi-lakedra, noma, njengoba amaJapane ekubiza ngokuthi i-hamachi, futhi akhonzwa lapho eseqedile.
ILakedra iyisisekelo esihle hhayi kuphela sezitsha zaseJapan nezasempumalanga. Kwenza ukuphatha okumnandi kwe-European ngokuphelele. I-yellowtail ethosiwe, ebilisiwe, ebhakwe kuhhavini - kunokuhluka okungabaleki. I-pasta yase-Italiya enezici ze-lacedra ingaba yingxenye yokudla kwaseMedithera.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuze kuzalwe, izinhlanzi zisondela emaphethelweni aseningizimu ohla lwazo: ugu lwaseKorea, iziqhingi zaseShikoku, eKyushu. Abesifazane nabesilisa baneminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuzala. Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwamamitha angama-200 ukusuka ogwini lolwandle, abesifazane abanomsila ophuzi bazalela ngqo kukholamu lamanzi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pelagic spawning. Abesilisa abaseduze be-lakedra benza kancane: bakhipha ubisi.
ILacrara caviar incane, ingaphansi kuka-1 mm ububanzi, kodwa okuningi kwayo. Owesifazane oyedwa we-yellowtail ukhiqiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaqanda, amaningi awo avundiswa. Ukuphela okuqhubekayo kwemibungu yelachedra ephuzi kuncike ethubeni. Amaqanda amaningi ayashabalala, ayadliwa, kwesinye isikhathi yi-lachedra efanayo. Ukufukamela kuhlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-4.
Kusinda ukuthosa kokuphakelayo kwe-yellowtail lacedra ekuqaleni kuma-microorganisms. AmaJapan abiza ifry 4-5 mm ngosayizi ngokuthi mojako. Ukuzama ukusinda, banamathela ezindaweni ezisogwini ngobuningi bama-cladophores, ama-sargas, ama-kelp namanye ama-algae. Isifikile ngosayizi ka-1-2 cm, i-lachedra yentsha kancane kancane ihlala ingaphansi kokuvikelwa okuluhlaza. Abadli nje kuphela ama-plankton amancane, kodwa futhi namaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans amancane.
Izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 g, kepha ezingafinyeleli kuma-kilogram ama-5, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-hamachi ngamaJapane. Izakhamizi zakulezi ziqhingi zibiza imisila ephuzi edlula i-5 kg mark bur. Sebefinyelele esigabeni se-khomachi, ama-lakedras aqala ukwandulela ngokugcwele. Ukukhula kwabo, kanye nemisinga bayakhukhula baye emikhawulweni esenyakatho yebanga.
Intengo
Lakedra — okumnandi inhlanzi. Kutholakale ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa okufakelwayo emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Intengo yokuthengiselana ye-yellowtail lakedra ayidluli ama-ruble angama-200. ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Izintengo zokuthengisa ziphakeme: cishe ama-ruble angama-300. kg ngayinye ye-lakedra efriziwe.
