Ubuso bomhlaba akuyona into engaguquguquki, enkulu futhi engenakunyakaziswa. I-lithosphere ingaphansi kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisana kwamanye amasistimu. Esinye sezimo ezinje sithathwa njengezinqubo ezingapheli, ogama lalo ekuhumusheni lisuselwa esiLatin lisho ukuthi "okungaphakathi", hhayi ngaphansi kwethonya langaphandle. Izinqubo ezinjalo zokwakheka komhlaba zihlobene ngqo nezinguquko ezijulile emhlabeni, ezenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphezulu, amandla adonsela phansi kanye nobukhulu begobolondo elingaphezulu le-lithosphere.
Izinhlobo zezinqubo ezingapheli
Izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi zihlukaniswe ngokwendlela ebonakaliswa ngayo:
- i-magmatism - ukuhamba kwe-magma kungqimba olungaphezulu koqweqwe lomhlaba nokukhululwa kwawo kubheke phezulu;
- ukuzamazama komhlaba okuthinta kakhulu ukuzinza kokukhululeka;
- ukushintshashintsha kwemagma okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo ngaphakathi kweplanethi.
Ngenxa yezinqubo ezingapheli, zonke izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kwamapulatifomu namapuleti we-tectonic zenzeka. Bayadudulana, benze amafolda, noma baphule. Bese kuvela ukudangala okukhulu ebusweni beplanethi. Umsebenzi onjalo awunikeli kuphela ekuguqulweni kokukhululeka kweplanethi, kodwa futhi kuthinta kakhulu isakhiwo se-crystal yamatshe amaningi.
Izinqubo ezingapheli kanye ne-biosphere
Konke ukuguqulwa komzimba okwenzeka ngaphakathi kweplanethi kuthinta isimo sezwe lezitshalo nezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma kwemagma kanye nemikhiqizo yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kungashintsha kakhulu imvelo esondelene nezindawo zokukhululwa kwayo, kuqede zonke izindawo ezikhona zezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuholela ekubhujisweni koqweqwe lomhlaba nama-tsunami, kubanga izinkulungwane zempilo yabantu nezilwane, kususa konke okusendleleni yawo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yalezi zinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba, kwakhiwa izinhlaka zamaminerali ebusweni be-lithosphere:
- izinsimbi eziyigugu - igolide, isiliva, i-platinum;
- idiphozi yezinto zezimboni - izinsimbi zensimbi, ithusi, ukuhola, ithini futhi cishe bonke ababambiqhaza etafuleni lezinsuku
- zonke izinhlobo ze-shale nobumba oluqukethe ukuhola, i-uranium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye izinto ezidingekayo kumuntu nasemhlabeni wezitshalo;
- amadayimane nenqwaba yamatshe ayigugu angenabo ubucwebe kuphela, kodwa futhi nenani elisebenzayo ekuthuthukiseni impucuko.
Abanye ososayensi bazama ukusungula izikhali ezijulile besebenzisa amaminerali angadala ukuzamazama komhlaba noma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kuyesabisa ukucabanga ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela engalungiseki eholele kulo lonke ubuntu.
