Isicabucabu sehhashi sibizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso semvelo, uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-arthropod. Phakathi kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane, ubonakala ngekhono lakhe lokugxuma futhi ungumnikazi wombono omuhle kakhulu. Abaphenyi abaningi bathi unabo nobuhlakani. Isicabucabu ihhashi Ingabe igama elihlanganisa iqembu lonke lezinambuzane. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu ayisithupha zazo. Abamele lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Iningi labo lithanda amazwe afudumele anezimo zezulu ezishisayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samahhashi
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo zimelela ama-arachnids arthropods, abelwe ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu, umndeni wezicabucabu ezigxumayo. Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zimelela izitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala cishe yonke indawo. Omunye wama-subspecies watholakala ngo-1975 ngisho nasesiqongweni se-Everest, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-6500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Umlando wobukhona besicabucabu uneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ubudala. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwesicabucabu asaziwa ngenxa yokuthi okutholakala nezinsalela zezicabucabu zasendulo akuvamile kakhulu, ngoba umzimba wabo ubola ngokushesha. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola okutholakele okubalulekile ku-amber. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zama-arachnid asendulo zitholakale ku-resin eqinile. Babebukeka njengezinambuzane ezincane, ubukhulu bomzimba wazo obungeqi ku-0.5 cm.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu samahhashi
I-cephalothorax nesisu kwakungekho nhlobo ukwahlukana. Izicabucabu zasendulo zazinomsila owenzelwe ukweluka izingodo. Esikhundleni sezintambo zikakhokho, bakhiqiza uhlobo olucijile nolunamathelayo. Izicabucabu zazizisebenzisa ukusonga umfece, ukugcwala umhume wazo, noma ezinye izinjongo. Okhokho basendulo bezicabucabu zesimanje cishe babengenazo izindlala ezishukumisa imfihlo enobuthi.
Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi izicabucabu zasendulo zavela eGondwana. Bese zisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izikhathi zeqhwa ezalandela zanciphisa indawo yokuhlala yezicabucabu, futhi ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-arthropods zasendulo zafa. Izicabucabu zazinomkhuba wokuguquka ngokushesha okukhulu, ziguquke futhi zihlukane zibe izinhlobo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ihhashi lesicabucabu esimnyama
Isicabucabu sehhashi sihlukaniswa ngamehlo abukhali, adingekayo ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Izitho zombono zimelwe ngamehlo enanini lezingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili. Zihlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Amehlo amane amakhulu atholakala kulayini wokuqala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izitho zangaphambili zombono ziyakwazi ukuzungeza phezulu naphansi, kanye nasezinkomba ezihlukile. Ngosizo lwamehlo ahambayo, izicabucabu zihlukanisa ubujamo, ama-silhouette, nemibala.
Umugqa wesibili wezitho ezibonakalayo uboniswa ngamehlo amabili amancane. Umugqa wesithathu unamehlo amabili amakhulu atholakala ngapha nangapha kwesifunda se-cephalic. Lesi sakhiwo sohlelo olubonakalayo sikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo ngama-degree aphelele angama-360. Ngale ndlela, ungakugwema kalula ukuhlangana nesitha. Amehlo asiza ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Izici zesistimu ebonakalayo nazo zilele ekutheni izicabucabu ziyakwazi ukubona isitho ngasinye ngokuhlukile futhi zibeke konke esithombeni esisodwa. I-retina yamehlo nayo inesakhiwo esingavamile, esikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuthembekile ibanga lento oyifunayo, into.
Uhlelo lokuphefumula lunezici ezihlukile. Ibuye ibe namaphaphu akhethekile kanye ne-trachea. Ubukhulu bomzimba wehhashi abudluli osayizi wohlamvu lwemali olunamakhophi amahlanu. Ubude bomzimba obungamamitha ayi-5-7. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa - abesifazane banomzimba omkhulu kunowesilisa. I-cephalothorax nesisu kuhlukaniswe umgodi omncane. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahhashi zinokubukeka okuhlukahlukene nombala kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabonakala njengofezela, izintuthwane, noma amabhungane. Ingxenye yekhanda lomzimba iphakeme kakhulu, iphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwesisu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi isicabucabu sehhashi sinobuthi noma cha. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu sehhashi?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samahhashi eRussia
Izicabucabu zihlala cishe yonke indawo. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngotshani, izindonga, inhlabathi, izihlahla, izihlahla, emakhoneni acashile ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene, njll. Indawo yokuhlala incike ezinhlotsheni. Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingahlala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo, zizizwe kahle futhi zikhululekile ezingwadule, ezingwadule, noma nasezintabeni. Kukhethwa kuqala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, zithanda ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izindawo zokuhlala zehhashi le-pac:
- EQueensland;
- ENew Guinea;
- I-America esenyakatho;
- I-N.S.W;
- Afrika;
- E-Australia.
Indlela yokuphila yesicabucabu sehhashi nendawo esihlala kuyo ihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwalezi zinhlobo. Enye yazo ijwayele ukweluka iwebhu futhi ichithe isikhathi sayo esiningi kuyo, abanye bayakwazi ukwakha izidleke zikasilika, abazihlomisa emakhoneni ahlukene acashile, kanti abanye bangamane bahlale ngokuthula ebusweni bomhlaba, noma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lohlaza. Ngokumangazayo, izicabucabu azithobeki ngokuphelele ekukhetheni izimo zokuphila. Zitholakala kalula ngisho nasezintabeni, noma ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Isicabucabu sehhashi sidlani?
Isithombe: Ihhashi lesicabucabu elibomvu
Uhlelo olubonakalayo olwenziwe kahle luvumela izicabucabu ukuthi zithole ukudla kwazo. Lapho okungahle kube yisisulu, isicabucabu sijika ngaso leso sikhathi siqonde ngakuso. Amahhashi awahlolisisi nje kuphela isisulu sawo, kodwa futhi anquma ibanga eliwahlukanisa ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho, intaba yenza ukugxuma okusheshayo uma isisulu singatholakala. Kulesi simo, izinhlangothi ezimbili zangaphambili zisetshenziselwa ukubamba nokulungisa isisulu. Ama-arthropod abhoboza ungqimba oluvikelayo lwezinambuzane ezinama-chelicerams bese lujova ushevu ngaphakathi. Ayigcini nje ngokusimamisa isisulu futhi isikhubaze, kepha futhi iyagayeka kancane izitho zangaphakathi zesinambuzane esibanjiwe, ziziphendule zibe yinto eyodwa eqhubekayo yoketshezi. Amahhashi aphuza le nto ngenjabulo, kusale igobolondo eli-chitinous kuphela.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla kwesicabucabu sehhashi:
- izicabucabu zingaphansi ngosayizi nobungqabavu;
- izimpukane;
- izimbungulu;
- omiyane;
- amacimbi.
Izicabucabu zingabamba futhi ukudla okungaba khona ngosizo lwenetha yokubamba elenziwe yibo. Basakaza iwebhu zabo emagatsheni ezihlahla, izindwani zotshani, amagatsha asehlathini. Izicabucabu zinesakhiwo somzimba esikhethekile. Zinama-bristles amancane nama-marigolds amancane akuvumela ukuthi uhambe kunoma iyiphi indawo, kufaka phakathi ingilazi eyisicaba, ebushelelezi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samahhashi
Izicabucabu ezigxumayo zibhekwa njenge-arthropods yasemini kuphela, ngoba kusemini lapho zivame ukusebenza kakhulu futhi zizingele. Bathanda ukukhanya kwelanga nokufudumala. Imvamisa lezi zigcawu zivame ukungena ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezinelanga. Lezi zigcawu azesabi nakancane abantu, zingahlala eduze kwazo. Ukubona indoda, ihhashi alijahi ukucasha, noma ukufuna indawo yokukhosela. Uyambuka ngentshisekelo. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo oluthile lwe-arthropod lubizwa ngokuthi ukuhleleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zivela ezindaweni ezintsha, ezazingahlali ngaphambili, izicabucabu zisusa indawo yezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Umbono omangalisayo awusizi kuphela lezi zigcawu ukuzitholela ukudla, kodwa futhi nomunye umsebenzi okhethekile womzimba - uhlelo lwe-hydraulic. Leli yikhono lomzimba lokushintsha izinga lengcindezi ezithweni, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu nobude besitho uqobo bungahluka. Lokhu kwenza i-arthropods igxumele ebangeni elihlukile. Izicabucabu zivame ukwenza ukweqa kobude obunjalo, obuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-15-20 ubukhulu bemizimba yazo. Kodwa-ke, nge-belay, ama-jumpers alungisa intambo eqinile lapho efuna ukweqa khona.
Ekupheleni kosuku, izicabucabu zifuna indawo ecashile lapho zishayanisa khona izindilinga zazo. Izindawo ezinjalo zingatholakala emifantwini yezindonga, ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe amancane, njll. Uma isimo sezulu sangaphandle siba sibi, alikho ilanga, kuyabanda futhi kuyana, izicabucabu zicasha ezindlini zazo isikhathi eside. Ekuseni uma libalele, bashiya izindawo zabo zokucasha. Ngemuva kokuthi izicabucabu zifudumele kahle elangeni, ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi babheka lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu njengezinambuzane ezinesibindi, ngoba zibalekela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Lapho lizama ukubalekela isitha ngale ndlela, ihhashi libaleka ngokushesha, lijika njalo liqonde ngakuye. Izicabucabu zichitha inkathi ebandayo zicashe ezikhoselweni zazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ihhashi lesicabucabu
Abesilisa abahlukile kwabesifazane hhayi ngosayizi kuphela, kepha nangombala, ikakhulukazi, umbala wombhangqwana wangaphambili wezitho, lapho imivimbo ikhona khona. I-subspecies ngayinye ibonakala ngezici ezithile zesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, bonke abamele izicabucabu ezigxumayo banento eyodwa abafana ngayo - umdanso omangazayo wesilisa. Lo mdanso ukuvumela ukuthi uhehe abesifazane owathandayo. Ngesikhathi sokudansa okunjalo, owesilisa uphakamisa izitho zakhe phezulu bese ngesigqi esithile azishaye esifubeni nazo. Uma abesilisa abaningana befuna ukunakekelwa kowesifazane oyedwa, lowo onama-pedipalps amade uhamba phambili. Uma abesifazane bengakafiki ebusheni, abesilisa bavame ukulindela lo mzuzu.
Abantu besilisa baluka uhlobo lwewebhu, lapho banamathisela khona amaconsi wesilisa. Ngemuva kwalokho wehlisa okufakwayo kusidoda bese kuphela lapho edlulisela isidoda emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ikhetha indawo yokukhosela ephephile bese iyigcoba ngezindwangu. Lesi kungaba yisikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe, amagxolo esihlahla, emifantwini yodonga, njll. Ngemuva kwekutsi kutfolwe indzawo letsite futsi ilungisiwe, letinsikati titalela emacandza bese tiyawagcina ngekucophelela kuze kutalwe umntfwana.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, abasha abadingi umama, ngoba banamakhono okuzingela ngokushesha. Owesifazane uyasuswa. Ngemuva kwama-molts ambalwa, inzalo ezalwayo ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi. Isikhathi sokuphila sesicabucabu esimweni semvelo cishe singangonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zezicabucabu ezinamahhashi
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samahhashi emvelweni
Izicabucabu zinezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yazo yemvelo. Kungenxa yokusindisa izimpilo lapho izicabucabu eziningi zizifihla ngaphandle njengezinye izinambuzane - izintuthwane noma izimbungulu.
Ingozi yezicabucabu ibangelwa yizinyoni ezidla lezi zingcosana zomzimba. Inyoni ebamba izicubu izithanda kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi yilezi zigcawu lapho izibankwa noma amaxoxo, kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu ngosayizi, zijabulela ukuzingela. Izicabucabu zivame ukudlelana uma zingekho ezinye izinto eziseduze ezingaba yisisulu. Akukona okwensikazi kuphela, okuthi ngemuva kokukhwelana kungadla owesilisa. Imvamisa izicabucabu ezindala ezivuthiwe zihlasela izilwane ezincane.
Imvamisa, izicabucabu zamahhashi ziba isisulu seminyovu. Ziyizinambuzane eziyimfucumfucu ezibeka amaqanda ebusweni noma ngaphakathi komzimba wesicabucabu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni, adla i-arthropod kancane ngaphakathi. Uma kunezibungu eziningi kakhulu, zivusa ukufa kwesicabucabu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ihhashi lesicabucabu esimnyama
Namuhla, izicabucabu zamahhashi ezinamanani anele zihlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi lolu hlobo aludingi ukuvikelwa. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi amanani abo awasongelwa, badla izinambuzane ngobuningi bazo, eziyingozi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimila. Imvamisa, ukuhlala kwesicabucabu eduze komuntu kuyamsindisa ezinambuzaneni, ezingaba yizifo zezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi. Futhi, ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amahhashi, isivuno siphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane ezisesimweni sezinambuzane ziphansi kaningana.
Azikho izinhlelo ezikhethekile nemisebenzi ehlose ukulondoloza noma ukwandisa inani lezinambuzane. Umsebenzi wolwazi uqhutshwa nabantu ukuthi izicabucabu zalesi silwane azikwazi ukubalimaza, futhi azinabungozi empilweni nasempilweni. Ngakho-ke, akufanele zibhujiswe, ngoba azibeki nje kuphela ingozi, kepha, kunalokho, ziwusizo.
Isicabucabu ihhashi ungummeleli omangalisayo we-arthropods, onamehlo amahle kakhulu, angagxuma, futhi unesistimu yokuphefumula engafani nalaba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo lwama-arachnids aluyingozi kubantu. Umakhelwane naye ulusizo ngisho kumuntu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 18.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 34
