Imikhoma iBaleen noma engenamazinyo ngezinye zezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezisemanzini. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yobukhona bamathambo omkhomo ezingxenyeni zezinsini, ezibekwe ngokufana nezinsini, ngosizo lwalezi zinhlanzi ezidla izakhamuzi ezincane kakhulu zamanzi.
Incazelo yemikhomo ye-baleen
Kunemindeni emi-4 yale subspecies: i-minke, i-dwarf, imikhomo empunga nebushelelezi, ehluke ekubukekeni nasekuziphatheni.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu balezi zilwane busuka ku-6 m kuye ku-34 m, nesisindo sazo sisuka kumathani ama-3 kuye kumathani ayi-200... Abesilisa nabesifazane bayehluka ngokubukeka, lezi zakamuva zikhudlwana futhi zikhuluphele kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Izidumbu zemikhomo zihlelekile, kukhona amaphiko omsila, avumela ezinye izinhlobo ukuthi zifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-50 km / h (fin whales) nasemaphikweni emhlane, kepha hhayi zonke izinhlobo.
Ikhanda elikhulu lisuka ku-⅓ liye ⅕ ngobukhulu bomzimba wonke, kodwa-ke, imikhomo ye-baleen ayikwazi ukujika ngenxa yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho ohlanganisiwe. Umgodi womlomo mkhulu, uqukethe ulimi, uhhafu wamafutha futhi ufinyelela isisindo esikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amathani ama-3 - ngemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Emgodini weparietal kukhona ikhala lamabili, futhi imisebenzi ethintekayo yenziwa nge-vibrissae - bristles ebusweni, okungajwayelekile ukutholakala, kepha cishe izinzwa ezingama-400 zingena kunwele olulodwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isikhumba semikhomo ye-baleen sikhulu, sinongqimba lwamafutha ngaphansi kwaso, esivumela lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ukuba ziphile futhi zithole ukudla emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Umbala ikakhulu umnyama, eminye imibala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ngisho nasemindenini.
Emgodini womlomo kukhona i-whalebone - ipuleti elincantathu elimise okonxantathu elixhunywe emhlathini ongenhla, ekugcineni linefluin enezinhlamvu.
Amapuleti ahlukaniswe komunye nomunye ebangeni elingu-0.4 kuya ku-1.3 cm, anobude obungalingani kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-450 cm, inani lawo lihluka kusuka ezingcezwini ezingama-350 kuye kwezingama-800. Ngenxa yomphetho obhodlokile, ukudla okuncane kusala kuye, njengasesimeni esihle, lapho umkhomo uhlunga amanzi amaningi, bese ufakwa emqaleni ngolimi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Imikhomo eminingi ye-baleen ibhukuda kancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zomoya ophansi zihlobana nemikhumbi esondela eduze (imikhomo empunga), ezinye zizama ukungangeni emkhakheni wokubona komuntu (imikhomo emifushane).
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukufuduka kubangelwa ukusuka ezindaweni ezipholile ezipholile kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo zokuzalanisa nokubuyela okulandelayo nezingane esezikhulile.
Imikhomo engenamazinyo itholakala ikakhulu kubodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane... Imvamisa ungathola imibukiso yemfashini ebhangqiwe - omama namazinyane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuzingela noma ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zilwane ziqoqane endaweni enkulu, zifinyelela kubantu abangama-50 noma ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi ziphila impilo yasogwini, zivame ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezingashoni, kube nzima ukuphuma kuzo. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emanzini ajulile. Bangena ekujuleni kokudla, bakhombisa umphetho womsila, ngaphandle kwesiyingi. Imvamisa ziyagxuma ziphume emanzini, zikhiphe imisindo yazo, futhi zikhiphe namanzi ngesimo somthombo esifundeni separietal sekhanda.
Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani imikhomo ye-baleen
Isikhathi sokuphila semikhomo ye-baleen sisukela eminyakeni engama-50 noma ngaphezulu yemikhomo empunga, imikhomo yama-humpback nemikhomo ye-minke kuye eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu yemikhomo yamakhanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, umkhomo ophelele nomkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungaphila isikhathi eside kuneminyaka engama-90, kanti umkhoma waseJapane oshelelayo nomkhomo ontengayo - iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele le suborder yama-cetaceans bangabonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba wamanzi emhlabeni. Amanzi apholile ase-Arctic, Antarctic naseNingizimu Nenkabazwe aheha imikhomo ye-baleen ngenala yokudla, kuyilapho izindawo ezifudumele zisiza ukuzala nokulungiselela ukuqhubeka kokufudukela ezindaweni ezinokudla okuningi. Okuhlukile whale whale, ehamba ngaphakathi kwamanzi e-Arctic, kanye ne-minke ye-Bride, engashiyi indawo enesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhomo nemikhomo emincane, ikhetha amanzi apholile avulekile oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba: i-Far Eastern, i-North Atlantic, i-South Atlantic namanye amahlobo nobusika obufudumele.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawo unamathela emanzini avulekile, kodwa kuyaqabukela ukuwubona. Imikhomo emincane ayivelakancane kakhulu futhi kuphela ezindaweni ezipholile nezipholile zaseNingizimu Nenkabazwe, ngakho-ke kunolwazi oluncane ngazo.
Inani ngalinye labantu elingalodwa linemizila yalo yokufuduka. Isibonelo, umkhomo obushelelezi waseJapan ukhetha izindawo zamanzi eshalofini laseMpumalanga Ekude noma olwandle lwase-Arctic, imikhomo emhlophe ithanda amanzi angajulile eFar East naseNhlonhlweni YaseCalifornia, lapho ebhukuda khona ukuze izalele. Ama-backbacks anganamathela kuwo womabili amashalofu amanzi futhi ahambe amabanga amade aye enyakatho ye-Atlantic nasePacific Ocean, ngenkathi ethuthela ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika, eHawaii naseningizimu yeziQhingi zaseJapan.
Ukudla kwemikhomo ye-baleen
Imikhomo ebushelelezi idla ama-crustaceans amancane, kuyilapho imikhomo emhlophe iphila ngama-crustaceans kanye nezilwane ezincane ze-benthic, ezithatha zombili kusukela phansi nasekholomu yamanzi.
Imikhomo enemigqa, ikakhulukazi: imikhomo, iminenga, imikhomo, imikhomo, ngaphezu kweplankton, zondla izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-herring noma i-capelin, zibangise esikoleni esinyene lapho zizingela emhlambini noma ngosizo lwamabhamuza amanzi, bese ziqhamuka maphakathi naleli qoqo, zizama bamba inani eliphakeme lezinhlanzi ngomlomo wakho.
Ama-squids, ama-copepods angasebenza njengokudla kwama-saves nemikhomo yokugcina... Lapho isondla, eyokugcina ivamise ukubuyela ohlangothini lwayo lwesokudla, imunce amanzi amaningi anendawo enomsoco kuyo, bese iyayihluza ngomkhomo womkhomo. Kodwa umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uzondla kakhulu ngeplankton.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukukhula ngokocansi emikhomeni engenamazinyo kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- ngemikhomo ebushelelezi yaseJapan eneminyaka engu-10 ngobude obungu-15 m,
- ngemikhomo yekhanda lomnsalo eneminyaka engama-20-25 enobude obungu-12-14 m.,
- ngemikhomo empunga, imikhomo yama-humpback, imikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - eneminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-10 ngosayizi ka-11-12 m.,
- ngemikhomo nemikhomo emincane - eneminyaka engu-6-12 ubudala, enezinhlamvu eziyi-13-14 m kanye ne-19-20 m. imikhomo
- ngemikhomo emincane - lapho ufinyelela eminyakeni engu-3-5.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, imikhomo ye-baleen ingahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu kakhulu, lapho abesilisa ngesikhathi se-rut bekwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene (izingoma), okukhombisa isifiso sabo sokukhwelana nokulungisa eyodwa noma eziningana zesifazane isikhathi eside. Imvamisa, abesifazane badedela owesilisa oyedwa, kepha imikhomo ekhanda lomnsalo isithembu kulolu daba. Akukho mncintiswano onolaka phakathi kwemikhomo.
Owesifazane uvame ukuzala umkhomo owodwa eneminyaka engu-2-4 ubudala, kepha imikhomo ye-mink ingazala kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2. Isikhathi sokumitha siyizinyanga eziyi-11-14. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ezindaweni zobusika, kanti:
- ngemikhomo yaseJapan ngoDisemba-Mashi,
- kweGreenlandic - ngo-Ephreli-Juni,
- kuma-humpbacks - ngoNovemba-Februwari.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izingane zizalelwa emsileni wamanzi kuqala, kanti abafowabo abadala bayakwazi ukumsiza akhuphukele ebusweni bamanzi ukuze aphefumule umoya wokuqala womoya. Ubukhulu bewundlu bungafinyelela kuma-¼ omzimba kamama, umzimba wawo ngokujwayelekile ulingana.
Inzalo iphakelwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, igwinya ingono imizuzwana embalwa, lapho, ngenxa yokuncipha kwemisipha ekhethekile kamama, kufuthwa ubisi lokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi emgodini womlomo. Insikazi ikhiqiza ubisi oluningi, ngakho-ke amawundlu akhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke abameleli bezinhlobo zemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bangakhipha kufika kumalitha angama-200. ubisi ngosuku.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinsuku kuthatha isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-12, kepha ngeminenga ebizwa ngokuthi i-minke wherles kuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyisi-5, futhi kwimikhomo nemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izinyanga eziyi-6-9. Isibopho esiphakathi kukamama nenyane siqine kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kokuphila, amathambo e-whale enzalweni akhula kancane, kepha-ke, ekupheleni kokuncelisa ubisi, amandla okukhula kwawo ayanda, okuvumela abasha ukuthi bazondle.
Izitha zemvelo
Imikhomo iBaleen ayinazo izitha emvelweni, mhlawumbe ingozi kuphela esongela amawundlu asanda kuzalwa ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezinjengoshaka noma imikhomo ebulalayo, kanye nezilwane ezibuthakathaka noma ezigulayo. Kepha kunezimo lapho oshaka beshaywa ngemikhomo engenamazinyo, okuthi, ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, ingakwazanga ukubuyisa isitha ngokushesha. Oshaka, beluma izingcezu zenyama emikhomeni, bangenza buthaka isisulu, futhi ukopha okubangelwa yilokhu kungaheha abanye oshaka... Imikhomo, nokho, inethuba lokuzivikela ezihlaselweni ngokushaya ngomphetho womsila wazo noma ngokubiza izihlobo zazo ukuba zisize ngemisindo eziyenzayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, abamele le suborder ngandlela thile bavikelekile ngenxa yosongo lokuqothulwa. Isibalo sezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane asidluli kubantu abambalwa. Ukuzingela akuvunyelwe emikhomo yasenyakatho yangakwesokudla, amaJapane, imikhomo yama-humpback, imikhomo, imikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Okubalulekile!Izinsongo ezinkulu enanini lemikhomo ye-baleen zingumonakalo wokushayisana nemikhumbi ngesikhathi sokufuduka, impahla yokudoba, kanye nomthelela omubi wemisebenzi yabavakashi.
Ingozi engaba khona ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle nokwehla kokutholakala kokudla ngenxa yezinguquko zomhlaba ezimweni zezulu.
Inani lokuhweba
Imikhomo iMinke yimbiwe ngezinga lezimboni yiNorway, Japan neSouth Korea. Kuvunyelwe ukuzingela izidingo zabantu bomdabu ngaphakathi kwezilinganiso ezisungulwe: imikhomo yamakhanda okuphonsa umnsalo, imikhomo empunga empumalanga, imikhomo yokugcina. Inyama yomkhomo isetshenziselwa ukudla, ithambo lomkhomo lisetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhumbuzo, kanti amafutha asetshenziselwa izidingo zezimboni zokudla, ezokwelapha nezinye izimboni, kanye nezinye izinambuzane.
