I-Cougar Isilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye, i-subspecies ye-cougar, ehlala eNyakatho Melika. Ama-cougars ashesha kakhulu futhi anobungcweti, nawo anamandla nesibindi: azingela inyamazane enesisindo esiphindwe kaningi eyabo. Ngokuvamile aziyona ingozi kubantu, kwesinye isikhathi ziyathanjiswa futhi zigcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cougar
E-Paleocene, kwavela izidlakela ezifana nama-martens - ama-miacid, futhi kwavela kubo ukuthi i-oda lokudla, kufaka phakathi izinja kanye nekati. Ama-protoailurs egatsha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo aholele kwesesibili - lezi zilwane zazihlala eplanethi yethu e-Oligocene, kanti eMiocene zathathelwa indawo yi-psvedoprotoailurs.
Kwavela kubo ukuthi imindeni emithathu eyinhloko yama-felines yavela: amakati anezinwele ezinama-saber (aqothulwe), amakati amakhulu namancane - awokugcina afaka ne-cougar. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakati amancane awamancane kangako - ngokwesibonelo, ama-cougars ngokwawo makhulu impela. Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlukanisa yikhono lokuklabalasa, uhlobo lwendalo elibizwa ngalo njengamakati amakhulu.
Ividiyo: Cougar
Ama-felines okuqala avele e-Asia cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-11 edlule. Amakati amancane ahlukaniswe nawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhathi esiqondile asikasungulwa, kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-4.2 edlule. Ama-pardoides asePuma angasekho athathwa njengezinhlobo ze-cougar, lapho kwasuka khona yonke imixhaso yesimanje, kufaka phakathi ama-cougars.
Bavuka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-2.1 edlule futhi bahlala endaweni yase-Eurasia, babebakhulu kancane kunama-cougars anamuhla, futhi bafa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-800 edlule - ngaleso sikhathi, kwase kusele ama-subspecies anamuhla. Incazelo ye-puma yenziwa nguCarl Linnaeus ngo-1771, igama lesiLatini lithi Puma concolor. Ama-subspecies ayisithupha ahlukile, futhi ngalinye linebanga lalo. Ama-subspecies ama-couguar achazwe nguR. Kerr ngo-1792.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo lwe-feline DNA, kwavezwa ukuthi izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezingulube zingamasheya. Ngenxa yalokho, basuswa emndenini wabo baya emakati amancane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-cougar
I-Cougar imvamisa kusuka ku-110 kuye ku-165 cm ubude nokuphakama okungu-55-75 cm.Zibuye zibe nesisindo esikhulu - 55-110 kg. Zinesisindo esingaphansi kwamahlosi, amabhubesi nezingwe, kodwa ziseyizilwane eziyingozi ezizingela izinyamazane. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluka kakhulu ngosayizi - abesilisa bakhulu futhi banesisindo esingaba ikota ngaphezulu.
I-cougar inomzimba omuhle futhi oguquguqukayo, ikhanda lincane, njengezindlebe, isilwane sibonakala side. Izidladla zinkulu, zithweswe uzipho ngozipho obukhali, akwazi ukulihoxisa. Ngosizo lwabo, ukhuphuka ezihlahleni, abambe futhi abambe inyamazane, bangasebenza futhi njengesikhali sokulwa nezinye izidlakela noma abantu bezinye izizwe. Ungumuntu okhuthele kakhulu, ukhwela ngokushesha ezihlahleni noma emadwaleni, asuke kuzo ngokushesha okukhulu, angakha isivinini esikhulu ngenkathi ezingela, ebhukuda kahle - akanandaba nezithiyo eziningi. Imilenze yangemuva mikhulu kunemilenze yangaphambili, kanti umthwalo uwela phezu kwayo ngaphezulu. Inomsila omude oqinile.
I-cougar inamazinyo angama-30 futhi inamazinyo amade asetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane nokubhoboza isikhumba nemisipha, yenza ukulunywa okujulile okubuhlungu. Kunama-incisors amancane, "ahluthula" isisulu, asuse izimpaphe noma uboya kuwo. Amazinyo aqine kakhulu, isilwane sikwazi ukudabula izicubu kalula futhi siphule amathambo. Kungamazinyo lapho ungathola khona ukuthi i-cougar ineminyaka emingaki: ezinyangeni ezine banemikhiqizo yobisi, kusukela eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga eziyi-7-8 ukushintshwa kwabo kancane kancane kweqiniso kuyaqala, futhi kungakapheli iminyaka emi-2 le nqubo isiqediwe. Ngemuva kwalokho balahlekelwa ukucija kwabo kancane kancane ngenxa yokugaya futhi kube mnyama kancane, ukuze ngalezi zimingcele kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amakati amancane kulabo asebefinyelele eminyakeni yobudala obuphakathi, nalezo ezindala.
I-cougar inoboya obukhulu, kepha ayihlukani ngobude nosilika, ngakho ukubaphulula akujabulisi njengamanye ama-feline amakhulu. Umbala ubumbene, uphuzi-uphuzi - ufana nowengonyama, kodwa upholile kancane. Umbala wazo uyefana nombala woboya noma izikhumba zezilwane abazizingelayo - ngakho-ke ama-cougars abangela ukusola okuncane, kulula kubo ukuthi bacothoze bengabonwa inyamazane. Imvamisa kungaba nezindawo ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama esikhunjeni. Ama-cougars amancane ajiyile futhi anemigqa, abuye abonakale ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - njengoba ekhula, ajika abe mnyama noma abe nsundu, kanye nalokhu, izindawo eziningi zejazi ziyanyamalala.
Uhlala kuphi usofa?
Isithombe: I-cougar yekati lasendle
I-cougar inebanga elibanzi kakhulu, elihlanganisa yonke iNingizimu Melika kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yeNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi lonke elaseMexico, iningi lase-United States ngaphandle kwezifundazwe ezithile zasempumalanga, kanye nemingcele eseningizimu yeCanada. Phambilini, ama-cougars ayegcwele kuyo yonke le ndawo, manje isimo sesishintshile.
Ama-subspecies cougar ngokwawo ahlala eNyakatho Melika kuphela. Engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-United States, lezi zilwane zimbalwa kakhulu, abantu abambalwa kuphela abangabodwa, engxenyeni emaphakathi naseCanada, inani labo linciphile kakhulu: ikakhulukazi bahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa ezintabeni. Ingxenye esentshonalanga ihlala kakhulu izigaxa eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi amaRocky Mountains.
ENingizimu Melika, isimo siyefana: kwezinye izindawo lapho la makati ayehlala khona, awasahlali, kwezinye zimbalwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, zisengatholakala kuwo wonke amazwe aleli zwekazi kusukela eColombia enyakatho kuya e-Argentina naseChile eningizimu. Ama-cougars ahlala ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu: emathafeni, ezintabeni, emahlathini nasezixhaphozini. Bayakwazi ukuvumelanisa indlela abadla ngayo iye endaweni abahlala kuyo, futhi umbala webhatshi labo nawo uyashintsha ukufana nawo. Bangakwazi ukukhuphuka izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi batholakala endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kuka-4,000 m.
Indawo emangelengele kakhulu yalezi zilwane ayisona isithiyo, okuphambene nalokho: zinqoba kalula izithiyo, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzizingela. Into esemqoka ukuthi kufanele kube khona inyamazane eyengeziwe eduzane - lokhu cishe kuwumgomo kuphela lapho i-cougar ikhetha khona indawo yokuhlala. Okwesibili, kufanele kuthule, hhayi ukuhlangabezana ne-cougar eduze nemizana. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kunedamu lamanzi angenasawoti endaweni eseduze yokungeneka: ungaphuza kuyo, futhi kuhlala kunomkhiqizo omningi eduze.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-cougar itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani i-cougar?
Isithombe: Cougar ngokwemvelo
Kumenyu yaso, lesi silwane sifaka ikakhulukazi ama-ungulates. It:
- izinyamazane;
- i-moose;
- izimvu ezinkulu;
- imfuyo.
Lesi isisulu esikhulu, imvamisa sinesisindo esingaphezulu kukashukela uqobo, ngakho-ke sihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukuzingela okukodwa okuphumelelayo kukuvumela ukuthi ungakhathazeki ngokudla. Kodwa-ke, ama-cougars avamise ukubulala izilwane eziningi kunaleyo angayidla inyama, futhi noma enezimpahla, ayaqhubeka nokuzingela. Kodwa abanqikazi ukubamba inyamazane encane uma bengakwazi ukubamba enkulu.
I-Cougar nayo ingazingela:
- amaprotheni;
- amagundane;
- onogwaja;
- ama-sloth;
- izinkawu;
- ama-beavers;
- ama-coyotes;
- izidumbu;
- muskrat.
Banobuchule obanele bokubamba inyoni engaqaphile bayidle futhi. Bayakwazi ukudoba futhi bathande iminenke. I-cougar elambile ingabulala futhi idle umuntu wesizwe noma i-lynx, futhi iyingozi kuma-alligator amancane. Ngamagama - usongo oluvela kubo lufika cishe kunoma yisiphi isilwane esikutholayo.
Ngisho namabhere awazizwa ephephile - i-cougar iyinsikazi enesibindi kakhulu, ejwayele ukuzingela umdlalo omkhulu, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukubahlasela nayo. Lawa ikakhulukazi amabhere amancane, nokho i-grizzly endala inamandla kakhulu ku-cougar. Izilwane ezifuywayo nazo ziyabulawa: lokhu kusebenza kwimfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo - izinja. amakati nabanye. Kepha ukuhlaselwa okunjalo akuvamile, njengoba izigaxa zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni zasendle, lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zingandile khona. Ziyakwazi ukuzingela hhayi kuphela emhlabathini, kodwa futhi nasezihlahleni.
UCougar uzama ukushushumbisa isisulu asondele ngangokunokwenzeka ngokungabonakali, ngemuva kwalokho kwenza ukugxuma futhi azame ukuphula intamo yesisulu ngenxa yesisindo saso. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, bese ezama ukumbamba ngomphimbo bese emklinya. Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukudla isisulu ngasikhathi sinye, i-puma ifihla izinsalela, izigqibe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma iqhwa. Isidumbu esidliwe uhhafu singabuyiselwa kaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi ibulala inyamazane entsha, isuthe, futhi ayidli neze, noma ishiye ingaphelele. Lokhu kwakusetshenziswa amaNdiya phambilini: babefuna izindawo lapho babefihla khona isidumbu, basithatha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma izinqolobane ngokwazo zithola inyamazane yomunye umuntu, azithinti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Cougar inamandla futhi iqinile ukuthi ingadonsa isidumbu sisindwe kasikhombisa kunesisindo sayo isikhathi eside.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Cat Cougar
Ama-Cougars ahlala wedwa, ahlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Imvelo yabo ayilahli impilo emihlambini noma ngisho nakubantu abambalwa: ngamunye uyazizingela, akahlanganyeli inyamazane, akathinti okomunye umuntu. I-cougar inendawo yayo, lapho izingela khona, okungenani amashumi amakhilomitha-skwele, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu. Abesilisa "banezizathu" ezinkulu, futhi abesifazane bahlala eduze kwabo. Uma izimpahla zemingcele yabesilisa ababili, khona-ke izingxabano zingavela phakathi kwabo, kuze kube yilapho omunye wabo eyofuna enye indawo - kwesinye isikhathi aze aphele ngokufa komunye wama-cougars. Abesifazane ngokuvamile abaphikisani.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abasebasha, abasanda kuqala nje impilo ehlukene nonina, bangazingela ndawonye isikhathi esithile, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayasakazeka futhi ngamunye wabo ubheka umhlaba ongahlali abanye abantu noma awuthathe. Ngaphakathi kweziqephu zabo, ama-cougars ahamba ngokuya ngesizini: bachitha ubusika engxenyeni eyodwa yayo, ehlobo kwenye. Imingcele yendawo, lapho abantu bezizwe bengeke bakwazi ukuhamba, ibhalwe umchamo nokuklwebheka. Ama-Cougars athule kakhulu, futhi imisindo ephezulu ingazwakala kubo kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana.
Isikhathi somsebenzi sivame ukuwa ebusuku, phakathi nosuku abalala ngalo. Ebumnyameni, kulula ngabo ukuthi bacathamele isisulu. Noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi bayazingela emini - imvamisa uma belambile. Uma amanye ama-fining amakhulu engahlasela umuntu, i-cougar ayithambekele kulokhu, imvamisa iyahamba. Ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka kuphela uma i-cougar izwa ukuthi umuntu uzomhlasela, bese ethatha isinqumo sokuthi ngeke abaleke. Lezi yizilwane ezinesineke: lapho ziwela ogibeni, azithuki, kepha ngokuzolile zama ukuzikhulula.
Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, bamane bayeke ukunyakaza futhi bangalinda izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kufike umuntu ozohlola isicupho: futhi lapha usungalindela ukuhlaselwa yibo, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokuba beqale ukukhululwa, kuze kube bangenza sengathi balele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Cougar ngokwemvelo
Isikhathi sokuzalisa ama-cougars siqala ebusika futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abahlaliseki; izimpi zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa. Iduna ngalinye lifuna ukukhwelana nazo zonke izinsikazi ezihlala ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane - futhi kungahle kube no-3-8 wazo. Insikazi izala amawundlu cishe izinyanga ezintathu, ngemuva kwalokho avela kolunye kuya kwelesithupha. Ubude bazo buphuma kwikati elikhulu - 30 cm, futhi linesisindo esingu-300-400 amagremu. Ijazi linsundu, kunezindawo ezimnyama kulo - liyakhanya ngonyaka. Amakati avula amehlo ekuqaleni kwesonto lesibili lokuphila, ngasikhathi sinye amazinyo awo ayaqhuma.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ziyadlala ikakhulukazi futhi zisadla ubisi lukamama, inyama ifakwa kulokhu kusuka enyangeni nohhafu, kepha bayaqhubeka nokuncela ubisi. Bahlala nonina kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5-2, bese beyofuna umhlaba wabo, kepha bangahlala eqenjini izinyanga eziyisithupha. Bakhula ngokobulili ngeminyaka engu-2,5 kwabesifazane nangu-3 kwabesilisa, futhi baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10-14. Kuba nzima kuma-cougars amadala ukuzingela, ngakho-ke ziyafa ngenxa yokungondleki kahle noma amanxeba abawatholile - yizisulu noma ezinye izilwane ezidlayo. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekuthunjweni, ungathola i-hybrid ye-cougar ne-leoparda, ubizwa ngepumapard. Lesi silwane sifana ne-puma ngesakhiwo somzimba, kodwa sincane ngosayizi futhi sinamabala esikhunjeni saso njengengwe.
Izitha zemvelo zama-cougars
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-cougar
Ama-Cougars awanazo izitha ezizingela njalo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, iziqubu zingenzeka ngezidlakela ezinjenge:
- amaBhele;
- izimpisi;
- ama-jaguar;
- izingwenya.
Imvamisa, ama-cougars ahlasela kuqala, kepha uma ebahlasela, angacasha kunoma yisiphi isilwane esisohlwini. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-jaguar inethuba lokuyithola, kepha ngisho nayo ivame ukuba yingozi ngaphandle kwama-cougars amancane noma amadala. Okufanayo nezimpisi - i-cougar yabantu abadala enempilo ayihlaselwa ngisho nephakethe lezimpisi, ngoba bayazi ukuthi kuzoba kubiza kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ama-cougars awanazo izitha zemvelo, futhi angazizwa ephephe ngokuphelele uma bekungekhona okwabantu. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinsikazi zibulala imfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo, zazivame ukudutshulwa ngaphambili, futhi iningi lama-cougars angafanga ngezimbangela zemvelo abulawa ngabantu.
Kepha, uma ngokunye okusele isimo sifana nesikhathi sethu, sishintshile nama-cougars. Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa komthetho e-United States, manje bafa kakhulu, okwenze kwalondolozwa inani labo labantu, ngoba cishe akekho umuntu ozoqeda lezi zinhlaka ngaphandle kwabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-cougars amancane angathanjiswa, futhi azosebenzisana kahle hhayi nabanikazi bawo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezifuywayo ezibulawa ngabantu basendle. Kodwa lokhu akusebenzi ezinyonini, ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukuzizingela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Cougar
Ama-cougars aphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu. Ububanzi nenombolo yamanye ama-subspecies abo ayancipha, kepha okuphambene nalokhu kuyenzeka nge-cougar: uma engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 bebembalwa kakhulu kubo, kusukela lapho-ke, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe zokuvikela, bandile ngokulingana - manje sebengaba ngu-30,000 kubo eNyakatho Melika.
Lesi sibalo singahle singabonakali sikhulu kakhulu, kepha ezindaweni ezinkulu ezidinga ukubulala izilwane eziningi ukuze zithole ukudla, inkulu impela. Lonke uhla lomlando lwama-cougars alukabuyiselwa, futhi bahlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-United States, kepha kancane kancane iyanda iye empumalanga.
Ukuzingela ama-cougars, kuya ngokutholakala kwawo kuhulumeni, kungalinganiselwe noma kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwanikeza umphumela oyinhloko ekubuyiselweni kwamanani abo: uma eNingizimu Melika abantu beqhubeka nokuqothula ngenkuthalo abamele ezinye izinhlobo, eNyakatho Melika ukuqothulwa okunjalo kuye kwaphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Cougar ihlasela isisulu ngempumelelo kaningi kunamanye ama-feline: kumacala angaphezu kuka-60% (ngokwesibonelo, ezingonyameni, cishe ikota yemizamo iyaphumelela). Kepha uma ngabe ukuhlaselwa kuhlulekile, futhi isisulu sikwazile ukubaleka, i-cougar ayimlandeli, ngoba uyakwazi ukwenza ideshi elilodwa nje elisheshayo, kepha akakwazi ukugijima ibanga elide.
I-Cougar inamandla kakhulu kunalokho engase ibonakale ekubonakaleni kwayo, ngoba ilingana nenja enkulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye iyakwazi ukubulala inyamazane nendololwane. Bangadla nangemfuyo, evimbela abalimi - ngenxa yalokhu, bacishe babulawa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngenhlanhla, izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo zasebenza, ngakho-ke abantu balulama.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/03/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/28/2019 ngo-11: 51
