Ibhere elinobuso obufushane Ngabe uhlobo lwebhere olungasekho oluye lwaphela eminyakeni eyi-12 500 edlule. Eyaziwa nangamagama afana ne-giant bear, ibhere elinezimpumputhe, ibhere le-bulldog. Ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi sasingenye yezilwane ezinamandla futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ibhere elinobuso obufushane
Ibhere elikhulukazi elinobuso obufushane lifana ncamashi nebhere elibukekayo elihlala eNingizimu Melika. Zingeze-oda lama-psiforms, kepha zinomehluko omkhulu kweminye imindeni yochungechunge ngenxa yamandla azo, amandla. Bahlala enyakatho, nakwamanye ama-hemispheres aseningizimu oMhlaba.
Zonke izinhlobo zamabhere zingama-omnivores. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangadla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kokubili okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni, kwezinye izimo ngisho nokufa komzimba.
Incazelo yezinhlobo
Amabhere anomzimba oqinile, ominyene onengubo ejiyile kakhulu, efudumele, emahhadla. Zinemilenze emine emikhulu, umsila omfushane, amehlo amancane, nentamo emfushane futhi ewugqinsi. Zibonakala nge-gait esindayo kepha elinganisiwe. Ngenxa yezinzipho zabo eziqinile, bangamba kalula umhlabathi, bagibele ezihlahleni, badabule inyamazane ebanjiwe.
Ividiyo: Ibhere elinobuso obufushane
Umbono wamaphunga ahlukahlukene athuthukiswe kahle emabhere. Lokhu kufakazela iqiniso lokuthi bangabamba iphunga lesilwane ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha ayi-2,5. Futhi, ibhere linokuzwa okujulile, lingakhasa, libhukude, likhuphuke izihlahla, ligijime ngejubane elilinganiselwa ku-50 km / h ngokuphelele. Kepha abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokubona okubukhali.
Isibalo samazinyo ngamabhere sincike kohlobo (ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-32 kuye ku-40). Ezimweni ezivamile, uhlelo lwamazinyo lungashintsha ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala noma zomuntu ngamunye.
Izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwamabhere
Amabhele axhumana esebenzisa ukunyakaza nemisindo ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Isibonelo, lapho zihlangana, amabhere ame ngezinyawo zawo zangemuva bese aletha amakhanda komunye nomunye. Ngosizo lwesikhundla sezindlebe, ungayiqonda imizwa yabo, futhi ngosizo lwephunga, ungabona umngani. Ukugquma okukhulu kusho ukuthi kukhona ingozi eduzane futhi udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu. Kepha okwakhe kuwuphawu lwezinhloso ezinkulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhere elibhekene nobuso obufushane
Ngokuya ngocwaningo lososayensi, isisindo sebhere elikhulu singafinyelela kuma-600 kg noma amathani angaphezulu (amathani ayi-1500), nokuphakama kwawo kube ngamamitha ama-3. Noma kungamangaza kanjani, uma ume ngezinyawo zangemuva, ubude bayo bungaba cishe u-4.5 m. yayinamandla kangangokuba nebhere elaziwa kakhulu le-grizzly lalingafana naye.
Ijazi lebhele le-bulldog lalinsundu ngombala, lide, lijiyile futhi lifudumele kakhulu. Wayenomuzwa omuhle ngokumangazayo wokuhogela nokuzwa. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ubukhulu besilisa babukhulu kakhulu kunosayizi wabesifazane, ngamanye amagama, i-dimorphism yezocansi (igama elisho umehluko wezimpawu zomzimba phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa bohlobo olufanayo lwezinto eziphilayo).
Umzimba webhele le-bulldog bewuqinile kakhulu unemilenze emide nezinzipho eziqinile, isifonyo besisifushane, amazinyo nomhlathi kwakukhulu. Ngenxa yamazinyo aso, afana nengahlosi, ikwazi ukushaya inyamazane yayo ngokushesha. Kumele kungezwe ukuthi, ngokungafani namabhere anamuhla, wayengeyona inyawo leklabhu. Wayekwazi ukwenza yonke into ngokuphelele.
Wayengumphathi wendawo yakhe. Ngosizo lwamazinyo asemaceleni, ibhere lalingasika isikhumba, amathambo, inyama, imisipha. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umdondoshiya wayenemilenze emide eyamvumela ukuba agijime ngokushesha okukhulu.
Lalihlala kuphi ibhere elalinobuso obufushane?
Isithombe: Isidlakudla sangaphambi komlando webhere elalibhekene nobuso
Ibhere elinobuso obufushane belihlala eNyakatho Melika (e-Alaska, eMexico, e-United States of America) esikhathini sokugcina sePleistocene (ngamanye amagama, isikhathi seqhwa). Iphele cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 eyedlule. Kanye naye, ibhere elinezimpumputhe lingasekho, futhi iningi lezilwane ezihlala kulezo zindawo.
Ngesikhathi sePleistocene, izimo zezulu ezilandelayo zazibonakala kakhulu:
- Ukushintshana kwezikhathi ezifudumele nezibandayo kakhulu (ukuvela kwezinguzunga zeqhwa);
- Izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu ezingeni lolwandle (phakathi nesikhathi sobandlululo lakhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-15, futhi ngesikhathi seqhwa lawela ku-100-200 m).
Ngenxa yengubo yalo efudumele futhi ende, ibhere lalingesabi noma yisiphi isithwathwa. Indawo ehlala kuyo ibukeka njengesiqiwi sase-Afrika, ngoba inani lezilwane lalilikhulu ngendlela emangalisayo. Nalu uhlu lwezilwane eziningana lapho ibhere lobuso obufushane lalihlala futhi lancintisana endaweni efanayo:
- Inyathi;
- Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyamazane;
- Amakamela;
- Amabhubesi Asendle;
- Ama-mammoth amakhulu;
- Izingulule;
- Izimpisi;
- Ama-Antelopes;
- Amahhashi asendle.
Yadlani ibhere elinobuso obufushane?
Isithombe: Ibhere lomhume obuso obufushane
Endleleni yokudla ukudla, ibhere lobuso obufushane lalinomusa. Igama elithi "omnivorous" lisho ukuthi "yidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene", "konke kukhona." Ngokusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi izilwane ezinalolu hlobo lokudla zingadla ukudla hhayi kuphela kwesitshalo, kodwa futhi nemvelaphi yezilwane, ngisho nezidumbu (izinsalela ezifile zezilwane noma izitshalo). Lokhu kunezinzuzo zako, ngoba izilwane ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi zibulawe yindlala, ngoba zizokwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ngokuyinhloko, ibhere elinobuso obufushane lalidla inyama yama-mammoths, izinyamazane, amahhashi, amakamela nezinye izilwane ezidla izilwane. Futhi, wayethanda ukuncintisana futhi athathe inyamazane yezilwane ezibuthakathaka. U-Victory cishe wayehlala eyakhe, ngoba wayenamazinyo amakhulu ngokumangalisayo nomlomo awubambayo. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi babengumzingeli onekhono.
Ngenxa yephunga lalo elihle, ibhere elinezimpumputhe belinganuka isilwane esifile esiqhele ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, wayofuna iphunga lesimuncu esinoboya, futhi ngenjabulo wadla umnkantsha waso, owawucebe ngamaphrotheni. Kodwa izimo ezinjalo zazingavamile kakhulu. Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuthi ibhere elalinobuso obufushane lehlule umammoth ophilayo ngenxa yobude bawo obukhulu nesiqu eside. Omunye umhlaseli omkhulu kangaka kwakudingeka adle cishe i-16 kg yenyama ngosuku, okuyisikhathi esiphindwe kathathu kunesidingo sebhubesi.
Amaphakethe ayenomthetho owodwa onjalo: "Udinga ukubulala uma ungafuni ukubulawa." Kodwa ngenxa yebhere elifushane, akazange esabise, ngoba wayeyimbangi enamandla, owayengaphansi komunye umuntu ngamandla akhe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhere elinobuso obufushane
Iningi lezingane, noma ngisho nabantu abadala, bacabanga ngomfanekiso webhere ovela enganekwaneni njengesilwane esinomusa, esimnandi nesinobungane. Kepha empeleni zihluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba ungathola izici zobuntu usebenzisa isibonelo sebhere elikhulu elinobuso obufushane.
Ngokwesimilo nangendlela aphila ngayo, wayehlukile kuningi labazingeli. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iningi lamabhere anobuso obufushane lalihlala futhi lizingele lodwa. Abazange babe ngemihlambi. Umlingiswa webhele le-bulldog wehlukile kwezinye izilwane ngokukhuthazela kwalo okukhulu. Isibonelo, ubengagijima isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuma amabanga amade ngejubane lomoya.
Futhi babenomlingiswa ongacabangi nobuholi, okungenzeka ukuthi, obusebenzela iqiniso lokuthi babengeke babe ndawonye kuphakethe elifanayo. Ibhere elinobuso obufushane lathanda inkululeko nokuzimela okuphelele, ngakho-ke wakhetha izindawo ezibanzi, ezibanzi, futhi akathandanga lapho othile engena endaweni yakhe. Futhi uma othile enesibindi sokwenza lokhu, khona-ke isilwane sasivusa ulaka nokucasuka, okungamenza abulale.
Esinye isici somlingiswa webhere le-bulldog inkani. Isibonelo, uma ebefuna ukuthatha impango kumphikisi, uzolwa kuze kube sekugcineni, kepha uzokuthola akufunayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ibhere elibhekene nobuso obufushane
Ibhere elinobuso obufushane yisilwane esihamba sodwa. Wayephatha abesilisa ngokucophelela nangokuhlonipha, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwela angahlasela omunye ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ibhere elinobuso obufushane lase lifinyelele eminyakeni yokuthomba selineminyaka emithathu, kepha laqhubeka nokukhula futhi likhule lize libe neminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana nowesifazane, wamfuna futhi wamvikela engozini. Kwabesifazane, i-estrus yaqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, cishe izinsuku ezingama-20-30, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukukhulelwa kwaphela izinsuku ezingama-190-200. Ngokuyinhloko, ukubeletha kwenzeka noma ngabe owesifazane wayesebusika. Futhi wazala ama-3 - 4 amabhere wamabhere anesisindo esingu-800 amagremu, futhi angaba ngu-27 cm ubude.
Ngokuyinhloko, ngemuva kwenyanga babona ukubona kwabo. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezintathu, amawundlu asevele enqunywe wonke amazinyo obisi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, umama washiya izingane zakhe baqala impilo yokuzulazula. Ngemuva konyaka, insikazi yaqala udoti olandelayo. Abesilisa abakaze bakhulise amaphuphu abo, futhi bangaba yingozi ezimpilweni zabo.
Izitha zemvelo zebhere elifushane
Isithombe: Isidlakudla sangaphambi komlando webhere elibhekene nobuso obufushane
Usuyazi vele ukuthi ibhere elinobuso obufushane lalinamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke lalingenaso ngisho nesitha esisodwa. Kunalokho, wayeyisitha sezinye izilwane. Ukuphela kwesimo lapho impilo yakhe ingasongelwa kwaba ukuhlaselwa kwemihlambi emikhulu: amakati anamazinyo ama-saber, amabhubesi. Kepha noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukushaywa kwakhe kwelinye iphakethe kungabethusa abanye.
Kodwa, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu angaba yisitha sakhe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukunyamalala kwabo kuhlotshaniswa kaningi nokuvela komuntu eMhlabeni. Ukuhlakanipha komuntu kuthuthukiswe ngobuhlakani obukhulu kangangokuthi amandla esilwane esikhulu abengeke aqhathaniswe naso. Okufakazela lokhu ukucwaninga kochwepheshe abathole ukusikeka okujulile ezinsaleleni zamathambo ezilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhere elinobuso obufushane
Amabhere anobuso obufushane abhekwa njengezilwane ezingasekho namuhla. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, baqothulwa ngasekupheleni kweqhwa. Esinye sezizathu ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okuholele ekunyamalaleni kwezinye izidalwa ezinkulu (ama-mammoths, izimpisi zakudala, amabhubesi, njll.), Ebeziyingxenye yokudla kwazo okuyinhloko. Ukuze lisinde, ibhere lalidinga okungenani i-16 kg yenyama, futhi ezimweni ezinjalo kwakungeke kwenzeke.
Esinye isizathu izinqubo eziseMhlabeni ezaqala ukwakheka mayelana nokushisa. Kukholakala ukuthi olunye lwezicupho ezesabekayo kunazo zonke izilwane kwakuyichibi le-viscous tarry, elakhiwa ngamakhemikhali ancibilikisiwe laphakama laze lavela phezulu ekujuleni komhlaba. Bekufihlwe ngaphansi kokumbozwa okuhlukile kwamaqabunga, izitshalo. Uma isilwane sinyathela lapho, kwakusho ukuthi kwakungekho ukubuyela emuva. Lapho lesi silwane simelana ngokwengeziwe, echibini lalimunca kulona olwabanjwa. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zafa kabuhlungu kabi.
Namuhla kunamadokhumentari amaningana ngaye, futhi nasemnyuziyamu kukhona ukufakwa komzimba wakhe ogcwele, izinsalela zamathambo akhe, ukumelwa kokuhamba. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu ukuthi izilwane eziningi ziyayeka ukuba khona ngenxa yemicimbi eyahlukahlukene. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo, isizathu salokhu yimisebenzi yabantu ethinta kabi impilo yezilwane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqaphele futhi sihloniphe umhlaba wonke wasendle wemvelo.
Ekupheleni kwendatshana, ngifuna ukufingqa indatshana. Ngokungangabazeki, ibhere elalinobuso obufushane kwakuyisilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu, okuthi, ngamandla nokukhuthazela kwaso, kumangaze wonke umuntu ofunda ngaso. Wayengumuntu odla inyama, ephethe indawo yakhe enomlingiswa oqinile futhi onamandla kakhulu. Ibhere elinobuso obufushane yayinamandla amakhulu futhi ibekezelela ngaphezu kwamabhere anamuhla, ngakho-ke uzongena emlandweni njengesinye sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 24.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-23: 51
