Lapho uhlangana nale nyoni engavamile, umuntu ngamunye ubabaza izici zayo zangaphandle nokuziphatha. Kubonakala ngokusobala kwabaningi photo, empunga heron iyahluka kwabanye futhi iyinto ehlukile ethandekayo yezinhlobo zokutadisha i-Ardea cinerea, ehumusha njenge "ash heron".
Indawo nezici ze-grey heron
Isikhukhukazi esimpunga kungokwe-oda likanogolantethe, uhlobo lwezindwandwe. Ihlobene futhi nezinye izinyoni ezifanayo - izindwandwe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nama-egrets. Indawo yokwabiwa ibanzi, ihlala engxenyeni yeYurophu, e-Afrika, esiqhingini saseMadagascar naseNdiya, e-Asia (eJapan naseChina).
Kwezinye izindawo ikoloni lezimpungushe ezimpunga isakazeke yonke indawo, kanti ezinye zihlala kuphela ngabamele ngabanye. Ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezingezinhle njengeSiberia neYurophu ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi, indwandwe ayihlali isikhathi eside, ihlala kulezi zindawo ukuze iphumule lapho indiza.
Le nyoni ayikhethi, kepha ikhetha izindawo ezifudumele, ezigcwele izihlahlana namathafa, utshani, umhlaba ogcwele imithombo yamanzi, ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Ezintabeni uheron mpunga uyaphila kuyaqabukela, kepha amathafa, ikakhulukazi avundile anokudla okufanele kuye, agcwala injabulo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zihlukaniswe kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Kukhona nomehluko ekubukekeni, esimweni sempilo. Kukhona ama-subspecies amane esewonke:
1. I-Ardea cinerea firasa - izindwandwe ezihlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar zihlukaniswa uqhwaku nemilenze yazo emikhulu.
2. I-Ardea cinerea monicae - izinyoni ezihlala eMauritania.
3. I-Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark - abantu bezindawo zasempumalanga.
4. I-Ardea cinerea cinerea L - Izindwandwe zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, njengezinyoni ezihlala emazweni ase-Asia, zinezimpaphe ezilula kunezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo.
Izindlovu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinjani, zinezici ezivamile zangaphandle. Umzimba wabo mkhulu futhi ufinyelela ebangeni elingaba imitha eli-1, intamo izacile, uqhwaku lubukhali futhi lulule ngo-10-14 cm.
Isisindo sommeleli omdala wezinhlobo sifinyelela ku-2 kg, okuphawuleka ngenyoni. Kodwa-ke, nabamele abancane babonwa. Iphiko liyi-1.5 m ngokwesilinganiso. Emilenzeni kunezinzwani ezi-4, uzipho oluphakathi luvulekile, enye yezinzwani ibheka emuva.
Izimpaphe zimpunga, zimnyama ngemuva, zikhanyisa zibe mhlophe esiswini nasesifubeni. Umthethosivivinywa uphuzi, imilenze imnyama nsundu noma imnyama. Amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile nomngcele oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amachwane angavuthiwe anombala ompunga ngokuphelele, kepha ngokukhula izimpaphe ekhanda zibe mnyama, imivimbo emnyama iyavela ezinhlangothini. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka kancane, kuphela ngosayizi womzimba. Izimpiko noqhwaku lwensikazi luncane ngo-10-20 cm kunelowesilisa.
Esithombeni, indlovu eyiduna nensikazi empunga esidlekeni
Uhlamvu, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla okunomsoco we-heron grey
Incazelo ye-heron empunga kusukela ohlangothini lwesimilo kuyindlala. Akahlukile ngokuhlukumeza noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesimo somusa. Unamahloni kakhulu, lapho ebona ingozi uyashesha ukundiza ashiye ikhaya lakhe, aphonse awakhe amaphuphu.
Ukudla kukaHeron kuhlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, le nyoni ingashintsha imikhuba yayo yokunambitha, ivumelane nemvelo, kepha kaningi ithanda ukudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kwayo: izinhlanzi, izibungu, izibankwa, amaxoxo, izinyoka, amagundane nezinambuzane, ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans.
Inyoni empunga ukubekezela ekuzingeleni. Ingalinda isikhathi eside, ivule amaphiko ayo bese iheha isisulu. Lapho isilwane esinebhadi sisondela, sisheshe sibambe isisulu ngomlomo wasigwinya.
Kwesinye isikhathi indwandwe idla izicucu, kwesinye isikhathi igwinya inyamazane ngokuphelele. Okuqinile (amagobolondo, uvolo, izikali) kuyaphindeka emuva kokudla. Indwandwe ingaba ubusuku nobusuku, ime inganyakazi emanzini noma emhlabathini, ilinde ukudla. I-heron empunga emile ichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yayo.
Izindwandwe zihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu afinyelela kuzidleke ezingama-20 kwelinye ikoloni. Inombolo ivame ukufika kubantu abayi-100 ngisho naku-1000. Bakhuluma ngokumemeza okukhulu nangokukhala, befaka engozini, umsindo odlidlizayo lapho beveza ulaka.
Lalela izwi le-heron empunga
Ukuqothuka ku- ikheroni elikhulu elimpunga kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela, ephela ngoJuni. Izimpaphe ziyawa kancane bese kufakwa ezinye ezintsha izinyanga eziningi kuze kube nguSepthemba.
Izindwandwe zindiza lapho zifuduka zingamaqembu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ziphumula kancane ekuseni. Izinyoni azizibeki engozini yezindiza ezihamba ibanga elide zodwa.
Ngenxa yomlomo ocijile, izidalwa ezincane ziyesaba ukuhlasela i-heron, futhi isitha sayo esikhulu yizona ezinkulu, isibonelo, izimpungushe, ama-raccoon, izimpungushe. Amaqanda aphangwa yizimpisi, amagwababa, amagundane.
Ukuzala nobude bempilo yengwevu empunga
Lapho uneminyaka emi-2 kwabesilisa nonyaka owodwa kwabesifazane, ukulungela ukuzala kuqala. Ezinye izinhlobo zodwa, zikhwelana impilo yonke, ezinye zinesithembu, zikhwelana njalo ngesizini.
Owesilisa uqala ukwakha isidleke kuqala, ngemuva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sekhefu emsebenzini, ubiza insikazi ngokukhala okukhulu, kepha lapho nje efika esidlekeni, uyayixosha ngakho-ke, isidleke ngeke silunge. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, futhi owesilisa nowesifazane ovundisiwe ndawonye baqeda indawo yokwakha isidleke.
Inani lamaqanda lingahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-9 nge-clutch ngayinye. Umbala weShell uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usayizi ofinyelela kuma-60 mm. Bobabili abazali bachamisela amaqanda, kepha insikazi ihlala esidlekeni isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-27, amatshwele achanyuselwa, anombono, kepha awakwazi ukuzisiza futhi ancishwa izimpaphe.
Abazali bondla amatshwele abo kathathu ngosuku ngokuvuselela ukudla emlonyeni wabo. Izinga lokufa phakathi kwezindwandwe ezisanda kuchanyuselwa liphezulu. Akuwona wonke amaphuphu akwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele ukuze akhule, kanti amanye abulawa yindlala.
Esithombeni kunephuphu le-heron elimpunga esidlekeni
Abantu abanamandla babulala futhi balahle ngaphandle labo ababuthakathaka ukuze bathole ukudla okwengeziwe. Abazali bangashiya futhi amatshwele bodwa ngenxa yomusa wezilwane ezidlayo uma bebona ingozi, besindisa izimpilo zabo.
Ngosuku lwesi-7 noma lwesi-9, amaphuphu abe nesembozo sezimpaphe, kuthi ngosuku lwama-90, amaphuphu angabhekwa njengabantu abadala futhi abunjwe, ngemuva kwalokho ashiye isidleke sabazali bawo. Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani imbila empunga? Iminyaka yokuphila kwale nyoni mfushane, kuphela iminyaka emi-5.
Inani le-heron alikhathazi ososayensi. Uhlala emazwenikazi amaningi futhi ugcwalisa ngenkuthalo inani labantu, esivele lingaphezu kwezigidi ezine. Incwadi ebomvu, uheron mpunga ayinabungozi, akuyona into yokuzingela ebalulekile, yize ukudutshulwa kwezinyoni kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni unyaka wonke.
