Incazelo nezici
Ingwejeje Isilwane esihle, esincane esivela ekuhlelweni kwamagundane, sinomzimba omncane futhi side, sinemilenze eqinile. Imvamisa, izilwane ezinjalo azibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu, nobude obungu-40 cm, kepha zingaba yincane nohafu kuya kokuphindwe kabili, kuya ngohlobo lwazo.
Kodwa-ke, emndenini omkhulu wezingwejeje kukhona abameleli abakhulu. Lezi yizilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwezingwejeje ezinkulu, ezikhula ngobude obufinyelela kuma-50 cm noma ngaphezulu, zifinyelela isisindo esingu-3 kg. Kepha kukhona imvuthuluka kulo mphakathi wezilwane - abamele izingwejeje zezinhlobo ezincane, ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-7.5 cm ubude.
Isici esivelele sokuvela kwezidalwa ezinjalo yinde, inekhanda elincane, lapho izinkinobho zamehlo amnyama acwebezelayo nekhala eliyindilinga elihlukanisiwe, kanye nezindlebe ezinde, ezimile, ezimile ezigcina ngemishuqa ehlekisayo, ikakhulukazi ebonakala kahle ebusika.
Ingaphambili lesikwele elineminwe emihlanu ehambayo lifana nezandla. Bafishane kunabangemuva. Futhi, ngokuthembela emilenzeni yazo, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngobuciko, zenze imisebenzi ebucayi ewusizo empilweni yansuku zonke.
Kepha imininingwane ephawuleka kakhulu yengaphandle ingukuthi umsila wengwejeje... Le ngxenye yomzimba efudumele futhi ephawuleka kakhulu, isesimweni esizolile, inqamula ngemuva kwesilwane ukusuka ezansi kuye phezulu nangosayizi okwenza izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobukhulu balezi zidalwa uqobo, kuyabasiza ukuba bahambe.
Sisebenza njengephini eliqondisa isimo somzimba futhi elawula ukuqondiswa kokuhamba. Abamele abachaziwe bombuso wezilwane bachitha ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zabo ezihlahleni, eziphakeme ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba. Ngobuciko bazivumelanisa nokukhuphuka kwamagatsha neziqu, babambelela kuzipho zabo ezibukhali.
Bejabulisa umuntu ongaphandle, babhala imikhondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngomusa futhi ngasikhathi sinye, lapho inyakaza, ibonakala ingenasisindo. I-virtuoso jump yabo kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumamitha amane ubude. Futhi-ke, hhayi lapho behamba kuphela, kepha futhi lapho bewa ngokuzumayo, imisila yabo ilusizo kakhulu kuma-squirrels, abasebenza ngayo ngobuciko.
Ngezikhathi zokusondela engozini nasezimweni ezibuhlungu, lezi zilwane ziveza imisindo ehlabayo, esebenza njengesibonakaliso kwabanye, ibaphoqe ukuba bahlale beqaphile.
Ukubona nokuzwa kwabo kuthuthukiswa ngokuncomekayo. I-Vibrissae - izinwele ezinzima ezigqama ngaphezu kwezinwele eziyinhloko, ezisembusweni, emilenzeni yangaphambili nasesiswini, zisebenza njengamadivayisi angeziwe okuthinta.
I-Fluffy, ikakhulukazi ebusika, uboya besikwele abulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunotha kombala wawo akubonakali kuphela ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezidalwa ezinjalo, kepha futhi nasekuguqukeni kwesizini. Ehlobo, imvamisa isizinda esiyinhloko sekhava yabo sibomvu, nsundu noma nsundu.
Kukhona izingwejeje ezimnyama, ama-melanists futhi, ngokuhlukile, ama-albino. Ebusika, uboya bazo obufushane nobukhuni buba bukhulu, buthambile futhi bube bude, amathoni ombala abe mpunga, nesisu sezilwane sikhanye. Lezi yizidalwa ezinhle kakhulu, kepha into enhle kakhulu ngezici zazo ingahlulelwa ngokubheka ingwejeje esithombeni.
Izinhlobo zamaprotheni
Ngokusho kwetemu eliqinile, kuyisiko ukubiza amaprotheni kuphela abamele uhlobo lwegama elifanayo negama lalezi zilwane. Kepha imvamisa izingwejeje ezibomvu, izilwane ezitholakala ezindaweni ezipholile zaseNyakatho Melika, zibalwa esigabeni esifanayo.
Lawa angamagundane anomsila, njengabafowabo abagibela ezihlahleni. Yingakho bavame ukudideka ngokubomvu, okufana nemibala yoboya, abamele izilwane zaseRussia - izingwejeje ezijwayelekile, uhla lwazo oluhlanganisa indawo enkulu ye-Eurasia kusukela e-Atlantic kuya eSakhalin Island.
Lokhu futhi kaningi kufaka phakathi okubizwa ngama-squirrels esundu - izidalwa ezibukeka njengama-chipmunks, kepha zinomsila omkhulu, ofinyelela kuma-61 cm ngosayizi.Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala eNdiya, lapho zithathwa njengezilwane ezihlonishwa kakhulu.
Zingezemidondoshiya yombuso wesikwele, futhi isikimu sombala woboya bazo, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, sinokuhluka okukhethekile okuphawulekayo. Ziphila ngokudla okunotshani futhi zihlala ezihlahleni.
Ngokuvamile, umndeni we-squirrel ubanzi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwabamele izingwejeje (uhlobo lwesilwane oluncane), izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izimbila namanye amagundane afakiwe lapho. Zihluke kakhulu ngokuziphatha nangokubukeka kwazo. Futhi osayizi bazo basukela ku-60 cm kuye kokuncane kakhulu.
Phakathi kwemifino enjalo kuyathakazelisa ukusho ingwejeje yegundane. Lesi silwane sathola igama laso ngenxa yobukhulu obufanayo. Kubukeka futhi njengegundane: linomlomo olengisiwe nezindlebe eziyindilinga.
Umbala wezilwane ezinjalo umhlophe futhi uphuzi. Bahlala endaweni eseduze noMfula iCongo, emahlathini aseGabon naseCameroon. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-crumb squirrel, ohlala emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika, nakho kungokwesigaba sabamele imifula. Ngisho nemisindo eyenziwe yilezo zidalwa iyahambisana nokuhayiza kwentethe. Bahlala ezihlahleni futhi badla amagxolo abo, kanye namantongomane nezithelo.
Sekuvele kucace lokho izinhlobo zamaprotheni kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu emvelweni, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuzibala zonke. Kepha, abafisa ukugcizelela konke ukwehluka nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwezilwane ezinjalo emhlabeni wonke, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa phakathi kwabamele kakhulu ohlobo.
- U-squirrel Abert uyisakhamuzi samahlathi amakhulu ase-United States naseMexico. Ubude bezidalwa ezinjalo buyihhafu yemitha, ikhanda liyindilinga, izinwele ziyimpunga, zimakwe ngezindawo ezibomvu nsundu. Ziphila ngokudla ama-oki acorn nembewu, futhi futhi zidla amakhowe kanye nesidumbu. Lezi zinhlobo eziqanjiwe ziphinde zahlukaniswa zaba ama-subspecies ayisishiyagalolunye.
- Ingwejeje yaseCaucasus yisilwane esincane esinezindlebe ezimfushane ezingenayo intshakaza, esinombala ogqamile ofanayo, lapho kutholakala khona amathoni e-chestnut, ansundu, esiliva nawomnyama. Ngaphezu kweCaucasus, izilwane ezinjalo zisabalale ogwini lwaseMedithera, zihlala e-Iraq nase-Iran emahlathini e-chestnut, e-walnut, e-beech nase-oki.
- UCaroline squirrel ekuqaleni wayebhekwa njengomhlali waseNyakatho Melika, kepha manje ngandlela-thile ungene endaweni yaseNgilandi naseScotland, kanye nase-Italy. Sinezimpande ezindaweni ezintsha zeplanethi kangangokuthi, njengoba zivumelaniswe kakhulu, zixosha izihlobo zayo zasekhaya lapho. Izembatho ezimpunga zezilwane ezinjalo zimakwe ngezimpawu ezibomvu nezinsundu.
- Isikwele saseJapan sihlala emahlathini emagqumeni amancane eziqhingi zaseShikoku, eHokkaido, eHonshu naseKyushu eziqhingini zaseJapan. Ukhona kulezi zindawo. Kubukeka njengesidalwa esihle, esincane (esingaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-15) ngosayizi. Ingubo yezilwane ezinjalo iqukethe amathoni ampunga, esiliva, ansundu nomhlophe.
Lesi sikwele ngokuvamile sinomsila omkhulu, izindlebe ezincane, namehlo amakhulu. Izidalwa ezinjalo, njengezihlobo zazo eziningi, zihlala ezihlahleni, zondla ama-acorn, amantongomane, imbewu, futhi zizala kahle.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi wonke umndeni wezingwejeje, kufaka phakathi imikhaya emihlanu nemikhakha engama-48, unezinhlobo ezingaba amakhulu amathathu, okucishe kufane nenani nomndeni omningi kakhulu wamagundane. Abamele umhlaba wezilwane ovela ohlakeni lwezingwejeje baye baphumelela ngempumelelo cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica, kunjalo).
Bahlala ezifundeni ezinzima zasenyakatho, kepha futhi lapho kufudumele khona, eningizimu, bahlala ezihlahleni ezisezintabeni nasezindaweni ezi-flat, bengagcwalisi amahlathi kuphela (ikakhulukazi ama-coniferous), kepha futhi bavuselele nezindawo zamapaki nezindawo ezihlala abantu.
Ingwejeje yezilwane zasendle - isidalwa esihlala sodwa. Emhlambini, lezi zilwane zihlangana kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, okungukuthi, ingxenye enkulu ngezikhathi zokufuduka kwabantu abaningi. Izingwejeje azinobungani ikakhulukazi komunye nomunye, kepha azinayo imkhuba yokuxabana nokulwa nazo. Abayilweli indawo futhi abahlukanisi izindawo zokuhlala komuntu ngamunye.
Zijwayele ukuhlala ezihlahleni, lezi zidalwa ezisemhlabeni zizizwa zingakhululekile ngokwedlulele, futhi uma zehla zisuka endaweni ephakeme, zihamba kuphela ngamadeshi amafushane kanye nokugxuma, zilalela njalo izigaxa ezisolisayo futhi ziqalaze ngokuqapha, ukuze, lapho zizwa ingozi, zikwazi ukuphephela ngokushesha ukonga umqhele wezihlahla eziminyene, lapho bezizwa bekhululekile khona.
Bonke abamele uhlobo lwe-squirrel, njengomthetho, bangama-jumpers amahle kakhulu. Kepha ama-virtuo wangempela kulo mkhakha yizingwejezi ezindizayo. Ngakho-ke kuyisiko ukubiza abameleli bomndeni okhethekile we-squirrels. Lezi yizilwane ezincane, zifana nezihlobo zazo ngokubukeka.
Imilenze yabo yangaphambili neyangemuva idonselwa ndawonye ulwelwesi olukhethekile olubasiza ukuba bashibilike. Ngokusakaza imilenze yazo ngenkathi igxuma, izidalwa ezihlukile ezifana nalezi ziyakwazi ukundiza, ziguqule ukunyakaza kwazo kusuka egatsheni kuye egatsheni cishe kube indiza yangempela.
Isikhathi esiningi siphapheme ingwejeje yezilwane zimatasa ngokufuna ukudla, futhi ekuseni nantambama lezi zidalwa ziyasebenza kakhulu kulolu daba. Izindlu zezilwane ezinjalo zitholakala ezihlahleni.
Izindawo zabo zokukhosela ziyizimbobo eziphakeme, ezifihlwe phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene amagatsha nemiqhele. Lapho, izilwane zihlomisa izidleke eziyindilinga, zizimboze ngotshani, ubulembu, amaqabunga notshani obomile. Ngezizathu zokuphepha, kuvame ukuba neminyango emibili yokungena endlini.
Yebo, futhi nezindlu ngokwazo zikude nenye ngayinye yomuntu ngamunye. Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlelwa kuze kube yishumi nambili. Isikwele ebusika ayibandi endaweni enjalo yokukhosela, ngoba iyivimba kusengaphambili, ivale imifantu futhi iphume nobulembu. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze zifudumale, izilwane zibekwa ngamaqembu amancane emgodini owodwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lezi zilwane zibhekiswe ku-oda lamagundane, ngoba zinamazinyo abukhali, azisiza kakhulu ngenkathi kusatshalaliswa ngempumelelo. Ngemihlathi yabo, bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa izithelo ezinzima kakhulu ngesigamu, ngokwesibonelo, amantongomane aqinile aqhuma ngobuchule. Ama-squirrels adla okuthile cishe njalo, okuvela kuwo amazinyo ngokushesha, kepha ezinye zizokhula ngokushesha endaweni yazo.
Abamele abanjalo bezilwane zeplanethi abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izidliwayo, yize bekwazi ukudla amaxoxo, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ezincane, kanye namaqanda ezinambuzane kanye nabo uqobo.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwezilwane ezichaziwe kugcwalisa ikakhulukazi imenyu yemifino, enothiswe kakhulu emafutheni, kuma-carbohydrate nakumaprotheni. Lokhu kungaba, ngaphezu kwamantongomane athandwa kakhulu nama-acorn, izithelo nembewu yezitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, ezilwaneni ezihlala emazweni angenasimo sezulu esifudumele, ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kufanele kubhekwe njengesikhathi esingesihle neze. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke amasheya amadala asele kusukela ngesizini edlule ayaphela.
Futhi nembewu egcinwe enhlabathini iqala ukuhluma kakhulu futhi ayisafanele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Ngakho-ke, kule nkathi yonyaka, amaprotheni akukho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokugcwala ngeziqu zemithi.
Ingwejeje yasehlathini - lesi yisilwane sezomnotho, esihlakaniphile. Kungakho izilwane ezinjalo zilwela ukushiya izinqolobane ezibalulekile zokudla ngenkathi enzima yonyaka. Abanye babo banomkhuba wokugcina ukudla kwabo emigodini yezihlahla, abanye bahlela izinqolobane emigodini engaphansi komhlaba.
Kepha, benenkumbulo ebuthakathaka, bavame ukukhohlwa ngendawo yokufihla ingcebo yabo. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu kubamele abaningi bezilwane, kufaka phakathi izingwejeje. Kepha ingcebo yabo ayichithwa. Ngakho-ke, "ngokutshala" imbewu, izilwane zithuthukisa ukuhluma kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokusabalala kwezihlahla ezintsha.
Amagundane amahle achaziwe kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukuphenduka izinambuzane ezingabekezeleleki. Lokhu kwenzeka uma iningi lazo lifuywa futhi ukudla kunqunyelwe. Ngemuva kwalokho-ke bangahle banqume ngokugasela, abakwenze ama-attics nezindlu ezingaphansi ezindlini zabantu, lapho badla khona konke.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izingwejeje zasendle ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo kuze kube kathathu ngesizini. Kepha imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka kabili, bese bezala inzalo ngo-Ephreli, bese kuba ngoJuni kuphela. Ngokokuqala ngqa, isignali yokuqala umjikelezo omusha wokuzalisa ukuvuka kwemvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubusika buhlehla, futhi intwasahlobo isiqala ukuzizela, iqhwa alikancibiliki okwamanje, kodwa ilanga lifudumala ngokwengeziwe, futhi izinsuku ziba zinde kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela ukukhwelana, abamele isigamu sabesilisa bakhombisa umsebenzi onolaka obonakalayo. Abesilisa bahlasela izimbangi zabo futhi baqale izimpi zokuphelelwa yithemba phakathi kwabo, bancintisana nozakwethu, inani labafaka izicelo okuthi kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelele kwabesilisa abayisithupha. Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni, munye kuphela wabancintisana, njengomthetho, onamandla kunabo bonke, othola ilungelo lokuhlonipha ukushiya inzalo.
Ngu-squirrel ongumama kuphela owenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke sesizukulwane esisha, futhi weqa lo msebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kokukhwelana. Ngokuzayo, uzonakekela izingane ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza nosizo lozakwethu, osekwenzile konke lokho imvelo ebikufuna kuye.
Isidleke sesikwele sicishe sibe umgodi ojwayelekile, sikhulu nje ngosayizi. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, esihlala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amane kowesifazane, kuzalwa, futhi izingwejeje ezincane ezingafika eshumini zizalwa zinqunu, izithulu futhi zingaboni.
Amahora nezinsuku zokuqala zempilo yabo kusuka emakhazeni bayazimbambela kunina, bafudumale emzimbeni wakhe. Futhi kuphela emva kwamasonto amabili baqala ukubona kahle futhi bembozwe ngoboya. Sonke lesi sikhathi kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha, umzali onakekelayo ubondla ngobisi olumnandi. Futhi lapho ifuna ukudla, ifihla izingane ngamehlo angenamusa embhedeni wobulembu obuthambile besidleke.
Ekuqaleni, izingwejeje esezikhulile azizethembi kakhulu emagatsheni ezihlahla lapho ziqala ukuphuma endaweni yazo esidlekeni. Bayacophelela futhi bayesaba izindawo eziphakemeyo. Kepha kungekudala imvelo ye-squirrel ithatha imiphumela yayo.
Futhi ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, kwesinye isikhathi okubili, amawundlu avuthiwe futhi avuthiwe asevele ekwazi ukuhola impilo ejwayelekile, njengabanye abameleli bohlobo lwabo. Futhi umama wabo ulungiselela ukunikeza umhlaba udoti omusha.
Endle, lezi zilwane zinethuba lokuphila kungadluli iminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa iminyaka yobudala bezingwejeje ezihlala eduze komuntu ozondlayo, zivikela ezitheni nasezifweni, njengomthetho, kuvela ukuthi zinde futhi zifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12.
Okuqukethwe kwamaphrotheni ekhaya
Izingwejeje ziyizidalwa ezivame ukuxhumana nomuntu onokwethenjelwa okunokuthula. Futhi ngokuhlala emapaki ezihlahleni, behla ngokuzithandela ngeziqu zabo ukuze bathathe izibiliboco ezandleni zabantu. Kepha ingwejeje eyenziwe ekhaya - akusiyo injabulo njalo ekhaya lomuntu.
Ukuyigcina ezimeni ezihloniphekile, udinga ukuba nokubekezela okuningi namathuba wansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukudala izinkinga eziningi ezingathandeki kubanikazi bazo. Izimo zezilwane zivame ukushintsha, zinomlingiswa ongalindelekile, futhi imvelo ye-squirrel idinga kakhulu isikhala sempilo.
Abantu basendle abafuyiselwe ebudaleni bavame ukunwaya nokuluma. Kuyiqiniso, lezo zingwejeje ezizalelwe ekuthunjweni noma ezifakwe endlini zimvuthuluka ziziphatha ngokuthula, ngokuzethemba nangokuthula.
Kuyisiko ukugcina izilwane ezifuywayo zibanzi, cishe imitha eyisikwele, amakheji, nokuphakama okukodwa nengxenye. Ukudla okudingwa amaprotheni ukuze kuhlale kunempilo futhi kukhule ngokujwayelekile kubiza kakhulu.
Lawa yiqiniso, amantongomane, onganikeza ama-chestnut, imbewu ye-sunflower namathanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhowe owomile, izithelo nemifino ebilisiwe kufanele kufakwe ekudleni. Konke okunosawoti okuthosiwe akuvunyelwe.
Vele, ingwejeje iyisilwane esihlekisayo nesithakazelisayo, yize singahlale sihlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha uma umnikazi ephatha hhayi kuphela ukudala izimo ezinhle, kepha futhi nokuthola ulimi olufanayo nalokhu, empeleni, isidalwa esinothando, ukubuka impilo yakhe nokukhulumisana naye kungaletha injabulo enkulu.
