Umudli womavu ovela emndenini we-hawk angatholakala eYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia. Lesi sidlakela sasemini esingajwayelekile sithanda ukubhubhisa izidleke zeminyovu futhi sidle izibungu, yingakho kwavela igama lenyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaseli uthanda izibungu zezinyosi, ama-bumblebee, amabhungane, ama-amphibian, amagundane nezinyoni ezincane.
Incazelo nezici
Umdli womnyovu yisilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye esinamaphiko amancane nomsila omude. Ebunzini nasendaweni yamehlo, kunezimpaphe ezimfushane ezinamakhasi afana nezikali zenhlanzi. Ingemuva inombala onsundu ngombala, isisu naso sinsundu, kwesinye isikhathi siphenduka ukukhanya.
Umzimba wale nyoni uhlotshiswe ngemifudlana yobude nokujika okuningana. Izimpaphe zezindiza zinemibala eminingi: icishe ibe mnyama ngenhla, ngezansi - ukukhanya okunezimpawu ezimnyama ngaphesheya. Izimpaphe zomsila zithwala imivimbo emnyama ebanzi emithathu ngaphesheya - emibili phansi kanye nomunye ngaphezulu komsila.
Kukhona abantu ngombala we-mono, imvamisa nsundu. Amehlo wesilwane esidla ezinye anezinhlozi ezikhanyayo eziphuzi noma ezi-orange. Uqhwaku olumnyama nezinzipho ezimnyama ezinyaweni eziphuzi. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo namabala alula ngemuva.
Izinhlobo ezidla imivi
Ngaphezu kokudla okuvamile komnyovu, umuntu odla iminyovu e-crested (empumalanga) naye uyenzeka emvelweni. Le nhlobo inkulu kunaleyo edla iminyovu evamile engu-59-66 cm ubude, inesisindo esisuka kumagremu angama-700 kuye kuyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, amaphiko angaphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-150-170. I-nape imbozwe izimpaphe ezinde ezifana ne-crest emile. Umbala ongemnyama onsundu, intamo emhlophe enomugqa omncanyana omnyama.
Abesilisa banophawu olubomvu emsileni nasemigqeni emibili emnyama. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba mnyama ngombala, zinekhanda elinsundu futhi zinophawu lomsila ophuzi. Kunemivimbo engu-4-6 emsileni. Abantu abasha bonke bafana nabesifazane, bese kuthi umehluko ube namandla. Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zitholakala eningizimu yeSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zeSalair ne-Altai. Idla ngeminyovu nama-cicadas.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izidleke zeminyovu eSweden enyakatho-mpumalanga kuze kufike e-Ob naseYenisei eSiberia, eningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian emngceleni we-Iran. Umdlezi uyinyoni efudukayo ebusika entshonalanga nasenkabeni ye-Afrika. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izidumbu emhlambini ziya emazweni afudumele. Umudli we-wasp ubuyela esidlekeni entwasahlobo.
Umuntu odla iminyovu uhlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi, uthanda amahlathi anamanzi futhi alula, anamaqabunga, atholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-1 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho kunokudla okuningi okudingekayo. Uthanda izimfunda ezivulekile, amaxhaphozi nezihlahla.
Izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo ezinemboni yezolimo esezithuthukisiwe zivame ukugwenywa ngeminyovu, yize zingesabi abantu ngenkathi zizingela iminyovu yasendle. Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, umuntu odla iminyovu uyaqhubeka nokuhlala ethungatha inyamazane, engamnaki lowo muntu.
Abesilisa banolaka kakhulu futhi bavikela ngenkuthalo indawo yabo, evame ukufika ku-18-23 sq.m. Abesifazane bahlala endaweni enkulu, 41-45 sq.m., kepha babone ngokwanele izivakashi. Impahla yabo ingahle ihambisane namazwe abanye abantu.
Ngokuvamile, endaweni eyi-100 sq.m. isidleke esingeqile kwamathathu. Umudli wesivu esithombeni unomusa futhi muhle: le nyoni ilula ikhanda layo futhi inikeze intamo yayo phambili. Izimpiko zifana ne-arc lapho undiza. Isimo sezinyoni siyimfihlo, siyaqapha. Akulula ukuwaqaphela, ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi sezindiza ezithile zonyaka, ukukhwelana nezindiza eziya eningizimu.
Ngesikhathi sezindiza, bahlangana ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-30, baphumule ndawonye futhi baphinde bathathe indiza. Kwesinye isikhathi zindiza zodwa zasebusika futhi azidli phakathi nohambo, ziyaneliseka ngamafutha anqwabelene ehlobo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Abadli be-wasp bachitha isikhathi esifushane endizeni, njengoba bondla emagatsheni nasemhlabathini. Umzingeli ucasha emagatsheni ezihlahla bese elinda iminyovu ukuthi indize isuke kuyo. Le nyoni ibheka umgodi esidlekeni esingaphansi komhlaba, icwila phansi ikhiphe izibungu ngezidladla nangoqhwaku lwayo.
Izidleke phezulu inyoni yomnyovu futhi kubamba inkunzi. Iphinde ibambe iminyovu endizayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokugwinya, ikhipha udosi. Isilwane sondla amaphuphu aso ngezibungu ezigcwele amaprotheni nezakhi. Umudli unesineke kakhulu ekulandeleleni ukudla. Ungahlala uthule isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngosuku, umuntu odla iminyovu udinga ukuthola izidleke zomnyovu ezifinyelela kwezi-5, kanye nephuphu lazo - kuze kube yizibungu eziyinkulungwane.
Iziphungumangathi nezibungu kuyisibiliboco esikhulu, kepha njengoba inani elinjalo lingahlali litholakala ezimeni zangempela, iminyovu kufanele yaneliswe yizibankwa, amabhungane, izibungu, izicabucabu, izintethe, amagundane, amaxoxo, amajikijolo asendle nezithelo. AbaseBrithani bayiqamba ngoju lwenyoka ngokuthi "Uju lwenyoka", kodwa lokhu ukungaqondi kahle. Le nyoni ithanda iminyovu, kuyaqabukela isebenzise izinyosi, futhi ayibudli nhlobo uju.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abadli be-wasp bahlala bodwa futhi bakha i-pair eyodwa kuphela sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokufika sivela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Isikhathi sokusina sifika: owesilisa uyandiza, ashaye amaphiko akhe emhlane wakhe abuyele phansi phansi. Isidleke sabadli bemivi yakha phezulu, ezihlahleni eziyi-10-20 m ukusuka emhlabathini.
Ngaphandle kokuthi abadla iminyovu bathanda amahlathi, bakhetha amadlelo avulekile aseduze. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngenyanga kaMeyi, ngakho-ke amagatsha amancane anamaqabunga asebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Amahlumela namahlumela akha isisekelo, futhi ngaphakathi yonke into isabalala ngamahlamvu notshani ukuze abantu abancane bakwazi ukucasha engozini.
Isidleke singamasentimitha angama-60 ububanzi.Abadli beminyovu bangahlala esidlekeni esisodwa isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, ngoba imvamisa izidleke ziqina kakhulu futhi zisebenza iminyaka eminingi. Imvamisa, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ama-2-3 ansundu njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingama-34-38. Kokubili insikazi nokweduna kufukamela ibhande ngokulandelana.
Emasontweni okuqala ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, ubaba uhlala eyedwa ondlayo, kanti insikazi ihlala ifudumeza isidleke. Kusukela evikini lesithathu, bobabili abazali bathola ukudla ngaphakathi kwebanga elifinyelela ku-1000 m ukusuka esidlekeni. Amachwane anikezwa izibungu neziphungumangathi. Abazali bondla amatshwele asanda kuzalwa izinsuku eziyi-18.
Lapho-ke amawundlu afunda ukuzimela: wona uqobo aphula amakhekhe futhi adle izibungu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, ziqala ukuthatha iphiko, kepha abantu abadala basazondla. Ngo-Agasti, amaphuphu akhula futhi athole ukukhula. Abantu abadla imivi ngokuvamile bandizela phansi, kodwa indiza yinhle, iyahamba. Sekukonke, iminyovu iphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Izwi lomnyovu
Izwi lomnyovu kuzwakala kungajwayelekile, "kiii-ee-ee" noma okusheshayo "ki-kki-ki." Imvamisa lezi zinyoni ziyathula, kepha ngomzuzwana wobungozi, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, zinganikeza isiginali yezwi.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ebusika, abadli bomevu bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinokukhululeka okufana nokwakha isidleke.
- Umudli we-wasp uyinyoni engajwayelekile futhi abaningi banentshisekelo yokuthi ngabe umadli waso useBhukwini Elibomvu noma cha. Yebo kunjalo, iminyovu ibhalwe kuRed Book Isifunda saseTula.
- Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoni zihlala zinganyakazi emagatsheni. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bezinyoni bakwazile ukulungisa umuntu odla iminyovu, owayehlala ngaphandle kokunyakaza okukodwa amahora amabili nemizuzu engamashumi amane nesikhombisa.
- Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu abadla iminyovu bandizela eGibraltar unyaka ngamunye, belibangise e-Afrika, kanti abanye abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu - ngaphezulu kweBosphorus. Izinyoni zihlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, ezihlakazeka ngokushesha lapho zifika.
- Amaphuphu, akhula, ngokwawo akhipha izibungu emakhemeni, athwalwa ngabazali bawo futhi azame kanzima ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi acwiyise izidleke zawo.
- Kungani iminyovu nophondo bengesabi iminyovu? Imfihlo isezimpapheni ezikhethekile, okuthi, ezincane, eziminyene, ezijiyile nezinezikhala, zenze isembatho esiqinile, okungelula ukusondela kuso. Izindosi zeminyovu nezinyosi azinamandla phambi kwesembozo soboya obukhulu, futhi izinambuzane zihlonywe izikhali ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zale nyoni zigcotshiswe ngamafutha agxotha iminyovu nezinyosi. Azikwazi nokuzilimaza nolimi lwazo: izinyoni, ngaphambi kokudla izinyosi, zikhipha izinyosi zazo.
- Umudli womnyovu ukuphela kwesidalwa esidla kuVespa mandarinie hornets. Ziyizinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinobuthi obuningi obunobuthi obuningi obunobuthi kanye nokuhlaba okubukhali okungu-6 mm.
- Imvamisa abadla iminyovu bakha izidleke zabo phezu kwezomunye umuntu, isibonelo, igwababa. Kuvela isakhiwo eside esisebenza njengendlu iminyaka eminingana.
- Njengoba umnyovu uyisidalwa esifihlayo, akekho noyedwa kubososayensi-ornithologists isikhathi eside ongafakazela iqiniso lokuthi lenyoni idle iminyovu. Kwakukhona izinganekwane namahemuhemu kuphela. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iqembu lezazi zezinyoni zaseJapan likwazile ukuzibona futhi lazibhalela ukuthi umadli usichitha kanjani isidleke se-hornet. Kuthathe ososayensi cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ukuthi ekugcineni bayithathe.
- Njengoba kwenzeka, ekuthunjweni, umuntu odla iminyovu uyakwazi ukudla ukudla okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kuma-zoo, kuyisiko ukondla abadli bomevu ngenyama, i-cottage shizi, ama-apula namaqanda. Imvamisa, le mikhiqizo iyahlanganiswa. Kusetshenziswa izinambuzane, amakhilikithi, amaphela, zoophobes kanye ne-tormentor.
- Uhlamvu lomnyovu luyi-phlegmatic, kunalokho luhamba kancane. Ukuhamba kancane kwemvelo kungenxa yokuthi umuntu odla iminyovu kufanele alandelele inyamazane isikhathi eside futhi aqandeke endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokuhamba kuze kufike emahoreni amaningana.
- Abadli beminyovu banamagciwane athanda ukuhlanganyela isidlo sasemini esimnandi naye. Lapho nje abantu bendawo bebebukele njengoba ama-nuthatch amathathu ekhipha izibungu zomnyovu ezivela kumakhemikhali.
- I-crest esekhanda lomdli we-wasp ogoqekile ibristles kuphela esimweni sokujabula, futhi kokujwayelekile akuhlukile kakhulu kumuntu ojwayelekile odla iminyovu.
- Umudli womnyovu akayona ingozi kubafuyi bezinyosi abangafundile, njengoba engazingeli izinyosi ezifuywayo. Udla izinyosi neminyovu kuphela endle, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini.
- Umudli womavu, eqandisiwe elindele inyamazane, akabesabi abantu. Lapho ebhekene nomuntu, uyaqhubeka nokuhlala abuke isisulu sakhe.
- Ichwane elidla iminyovu elidlile lidla okungenani amagremu ayi-100 okudla ngosuku. • Ukondla iphuphu elilodwa, abazali kumele bathole okungenani izibungu eziyinkulungwane.
- Ngesikhathi sokudla, ngasinye inkukhu edla iminyovu idla isisindo sezibungu ezingaba amakhilogremu amahlanu, okucishe kube yizibungu ezingaba ngamashumi amahlanu.
- Kuvame ukuba namachwane amabili ngenzalo, lapho abazali kufanele babhubhise okungenani izidleke zama-hornet eziyisithupha nsuku zonke.
- Abazali bathola cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nsuku zonke, bendiza besuka esidlekeni baya endaweni yokuzingelwa futhi okuphambene nalokho.
- Abadli beminyovu bavame ukuzingela ngababili: omunye uhlala esondele, eqaphile, kanti omunye "uyasebenza" - konakalisa isidleke se-hornet.
- Ukuze besabe izilwane ezidla ezinye, abadla iminyovu benza umsebenzi onzima: benza umquba wamachwane amancane ngangokunokwenzeka esidlekeni.
- Umnyovu unenyoni ephindwe kabili - efana nayo - ubhova. Umsila womnyovu mude, kunemigqa ezimpapheni kanye nokundiza okuhle, okuhamba kalula. I-buzzard ivame kakhulu, itholakala iningi laseRussia emahlathini nasemathafeni.
Imvamisa abantu benza iphutha ngokucabanga lokho umnyovu uklebe - isitha esibi kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi abazingeli babona umuntu odla iminyovu kunogwaja ofile futhi bacabanga ukuthi ubulele kanti manje uyadla. Ngenkathi kuvulwa isisu sale nyoni ebulewe, bathola izimpukane ezinamachaphazelo kuphela.
Omunye odla iminyovu wadutshulwa ngesikhathi ehamba amaphuphu amancane. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi iminyovu idla ama-pheasants amancane. Kodwa-ke, ngeze: umuntu odla iminyovu wayedinga izintethe kuphela ... Umdli womnyovu Iyinyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu, engajwayelekile ehlala ngazimbili zomuntu oyedwa. Akunabungozi kubantu ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuqothula.
