Kudala, amaGreki asendulo ahlonipha unkulunkulukazi wenyanga - uSelena ("ukukhanya, ukukhanya"). Kwakukholakala ukuthi lo dade weLanga noDawn (uHelios no-Eos) ubusa ngaphansi kobusuku, ebusa umhlaba wobumnyama obuyimfihlakalo. Usebenza ngengubo eyisiliva, unokumamatheka okuyindida ebusweni bakhe obuphaphathekile nobuhle.
Ngokumangazayo, ubukhulu obukhulu bezilwandle kunenhlanzi, eyayibizwa nge-selenium ngokukhethekile kokubonakala kwayo. Siyazi futhi njengenhlanzi Umhlanzo, kusuka enhlanzini ekhanyiswe ngemisebe yasolwandle yomndeni wamahhashi i-mackerel. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi kungani yabizwa nge-selenium, ukuthi ihlala kuphi nokuthi yini ethandekayo.
Incazelo nezici
Umzimba omude wenhlanzi engajwayelekile, obhebhetheke kakhulu kusuka ezinhlangothini, ushaya ngokushesha. Isakhiwo esinjalo senzeka kubantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umfutho wamanzi mkhulu lapho, ngakho-ke izidalwa eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa, zithathe amafomu ahlukile angajwayelekile. Ubukhulu busuka ku-24 kuye ku-90 cm, kuya ngohlobo. Isisindo sisuka ku-1 kg siye ku-4.6 kg.
Uma sicabangela izinhlanzi Umhlanzo esithombeni, kungabonakala ukuthi ithambo lakhe langaphambili lidala i-engeli elicishe lifike ngqo, lidlulele emhlathini. Ikhanda, ngenxa yesimo salo esiyisicaba, libukeka likhulu. Yikota yobukhulu bomzimba wonke. Ingemuva iqonde ngqo, ulayini wesisu ubukhali, womabili awafani ngobude.
Zivele zigeleze ngokushesha ziye emsileni, oqala ngemuva kwebhuloho elincane futhi uyisiphetho esihle esime njengo-V. Umphetho wokuqala ngemuva uqukethe amathambo abukhali ayi-8, ahlelwe ngosayizi. Okulandelayo kuza isitokofela sezinsipho kuze kufike emsileni ngesimo se-bristle encane. Amaphiko ezindunu mancane ezinhlotsheni eziningi.
Umhlathi ongezansi ugobele phezulu ngokwedelela. Ukuqhamuka komlomo kulandela umugqa oblique. Amehlo enhlanzi ayindilinga, anomphetho wesiliva. Kodwa-ke, azisizi nje kuphela lezi zidalwa ukuhamba emkhathini.
Kuwo wonke umzimba, banezitho zokunambitha nezokuthinta, ezisebenzela ukuthola inyamazane, izithiyo nezitha. Ukusebenza kwabo okuvamile kuphela okunikela ekuziphatheni okwanele kwenhlanzi.
Ngaphandle kwesimo esimise okwediski, inhlanzi iyefana nenyanga enombala okhanyayo osamzimba. Ngemuva, umbala uthatha ithoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ithoni eluhlaza okotshani. Amaphiko ampunga osobala.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuthakazelisayo, ama-selenium ahlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi emandleni awo okwenza imisindo efana nokububula, ukuthula, kodwa okuxaka kakhulu. Baxhumana nabo ngaphakathi kwephakethe noma bazame ukwesabisa izitha.
Izinhlobo
Manje sesingakhuluma ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-horse mackerel. Abane babo bahlala e-Atlantic, abathathu emanzini asePacific. Lezi zokugcina azinazo izikali, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko azo anesakhiwo esihluke kancane, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzini ezisencane.
Izakhamizi zamanzi ase-Atlantic zinkulu kunezihlobo zazo. Zonke lezi zakhamizi zasemanzini zibizwa ngokuthi "selenium" - inyanga, kepha akufanele zihlanganiswe nenyanga yenyanga yenhlanzi, ebizwa ngokuthi uMola mola.
Cabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-selenium (ama-vomers).
- U-Selena Brevoort (USelene brevoortii) Ungumhlali wamanzi asePacific, kusuka eMexico kuya e-Ecuador. Ubukhulu bayo buba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-38-42. Yethiwa kanjalo ukuhlonipha isazi semvelo saseMelika, umqoqi kanye nenani lezinombolo uJ. Carson Brevoort (1817-1887) ngentshisekelo yakhe kula malungu omndeni wamahhashi i-mackerel. Isebenza njengento yokuhweba yendawo.
- Isibonelo esincane kunazo zonke selenium singabizwa I-Caribbean inhlanzi yenyanga (USelene brownie). Ubude baso bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-23 kuya kwangu-24. Uhlala emanzini ase-Atlantic, ukusuka ogwini lwaseMexico kuya eBrazil. Ukuhluma kungaziwa, akukho ukudoba kwangempela ngakho. Igama brownie (onsundu) ngathola umugqa onsundu omude ngemuva nasesiswini.
- I-African Selene - Selene dorsalis... Bahlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean naseMedithera, besakazeka besuka ogwini lwasePortugal baya eningizimu ye-Afrika. Imvamisa ibhukuda ibe semilonyeni nasemabhishi. Usayizi wayo ungama-37-40 cm, isisindo silinganiselwa ku-1.5 kg.
- I-selenium yaseMexico (Selene orstedii) kuvamile ngasogwini olusempumalanga yePacific eMelika, kusuka eMexico kuya eColombia. Usayizi womzimba ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-33. Kanye ne-selenium, iBrevoort iyinto ehlukile kwabanye abantu - ayinciphisi (ayivumelani) nemisebe emide yamaphiko njengoba ikhula.
- I-selenium yasePeru (Selene peruviana) - inhlanzi ingaba ngamasentimitha angama-40 ngosayizi, yize imvamisa ikhula ize ifike kuma-29 cm. Umhlali wasePacific wasogwini olusempumalanga yeMelika, kusukela eningizimu yeCalifornia kuye ePeru.
- I-selenium yasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic (Selene setapinnis) - isatshalaliswa ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic eMelika, kusuka eCanada kuya e-Argentina. Kubhekwa njengobukhulu kunabo bonke abameleli - ikhula kuze kufike ku-60 cm, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-4.6 kg. Le nhlanzi ingabizwa ngensimbi, iyiqiniso kakhulu. Amaphiko emhlane ahlanganiswe nokuhleleka okumnyama, kubukeka njengebhulashi lensimbi, kuvumela igama lohlobo: umabhebhana (bristle fin). Umsila unombala ophuzi. Ngokuvamile bathanda amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo, ukujula kwabo okuthandayo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-55.
- U-Selena uhlanza — selenium ejwayelekile, izinhlobo eziqanjiwe. Lokhu kutholakala umhlanzo emanzini asentshonalanga ye-Atlantic, ngasogwini lwaseCanada nase-Uruguay. Ifinyelela isisindo esingu-2.1 kg ngosayizi ka-47-48 cm. Yize kuvame ukuthi abantu babe ngosayizi ongama-35 cm.Imisebe yokuqala yamaphiko okugcoba nengezitho zomzimba iqiniswe kakhulu, kodwa hhayi i-filiform, kepha ixhunywe ulwelwesi lokugcina. Amathambo akhe amakhulu angaphambili anikeze igama lohlobo, Umhlanzo - "i-convex frontal bone". Udayi guanine, equkethwe esikhunjeni senhlanzi futhi isinikeze umbala osiliva, ikhanyisa ngendlela yokuthi lapho imisebe ishaya ohlangothini, ithole yonke imibala ye-iridescent. Ukujula kolwandle ayithandayo kufinyelela kuma-60 m.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Kufinyeta kuchazwa kwetinhlobo, singakufingqa loko uhlanza uhlala kuphela emanzini asempumalanga ePacific futhi ishalofu (ishelufu lezwekazi) i-Atlantic Ocean. Kwaziwa kakhulu ngasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka, i-selenium ihlobene nenyanga ngendlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Izinhlanzi ziqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Emini, ucasha eduze kwamadwala noma ezindaweni zokukhosela ezansi. Bahlala emihlambini. Ohlwini lwamanzi, ungabona ukugxila okukhulu kwalabahlali basolwandle, imvamisa bahlala eduze naphansi. Kahle nangokuqina, izinhlanzi zihamba esikoleni ziyofuna ukudla.
Ama-voomers anekhono lokuzifihla. Ngokukhanya okuthile, ziba nokubonakala okusobala, zingabonakali emanzini. Lokhu kungenxa yesikhumba esingajwayelekile nezici zokusiza zenhlanzi. Ososayensi baseTexas benza ucwaningo ngokufaka ikhamera emanzini ku-tripod ekhethekile.
Kwavela ukuthi uma inhlanzi itholakala engxenyeni yama-degree angama-45 kumzingeli, khona-ke iyanyamalala kuye, ingabonakali. Intsha igcina amanzi anosawoti amancane eduze nogu. Bangangena ngisho nasemilonyeni yemifula, babe izisulu ezifiselekayo zabadobi. Izinhlanzi ezindala ezinolwazi oluningi zikhuphukela esiqeshini sekhilomitha ukusuka ogwini. Bathanda phansi okunodaka ngenqwaba yesihlabathi, izimo ezinjalo zikhululekile ebukhoneni bazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inhlanzi yaseVomer ubusuku nobusuku. Ikakhulu ithatha ukudla kwamaprotheni, okutholakala ngobuningi phakathi kwe-algae kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo. Kungakho ama-selenium ethanda udaka oluphansi. Kokubili izinhlanzi ezincane nabantu abadala bathola ukudla kulezi zinhlabathi. Iqala ukufuna ukudla, ama-selenium akhulula ngentshiseko isihlabathi esingezansi esithambile.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwabo umabhebhana - into eyenziwe ngo-algae omncane ohamba ngokungalawuleki emanzini. Lesi isisulu esilula kakhulu sezinhlanzi. Njengoba zikhula, ukudla kuba kukhudlwana - izimfanzi nenkalankala, inyama yazo isisulu esifiselekayo, njengoba imnandi futhi inomsoco.
Kudliwa nezimbaza nezimpethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vomer iyakwazi ukuchoboza amanye amagobolondo othulini ngamazinyo aqinile, okucashe kuwo iminenke. Izinhlanzi ezincane ezisanda kuzalwa futhi ezingakazi ukuthi zihamba kanjani futhi zicashe kanjani nakho ukudla okuthandwa yi-horse mackerel. Izinhlanzi zivame ukuzingela ngemihlambi, kanye nezihlobo. Ukudla kuchazwa yizimo zokuphila.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvundisa kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakwezinye izinhlanzi - ukufakelwa isidoda kowesilisa emaqanda esifazane. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ikakhulu ehlobo. I-Horse mackerel, futhi ikakhulukazi i-selenium, ivundile kakhulu. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda ayisigidi noma ngaphezulu.
Inhlanzi izalela ngqo entweni yabo yendabuko, futhi lokho kuyantanta kuze kufike lapho kuchanyuselwa khona kukholamu lamanzi. Akekho obavikelayo. Kokubili insikazi ngisho nangaphezulu ngakho owesilisa ubhukuda ngokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuma. Ukushoda kwesimo somama kubangelwa izimo zokuphila ezinzima.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, abanamandla kakhulu bayasinda. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, izibungu ezincane zidla ngeplankton. Inkinga yabo enkulu ukufihla inani elikhulu lezilwane ezizingelayo. Yilokhu amakhosi amancane okufihla enza kahle.
Okwamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi inhlanzi ehlanzayo ingaphila ize ifinyelele eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sokuphila sincike kakhulu ezimweni. Ngempela, yona, izingelwa izidalwa ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ezimbi kakhulu - oshaka, imikhomo, imikhomo ebulalayo. Ama-nimble kuphela kuphela athola isisulu esihlwabusayo, ngoba ama-selenium, njengoba sesishilo, acasha ngokushesha nangekhono.
Futhi nokho ingozi enkulu kakhulu yezinhlanzi ivela kubantu. Ukubanjiswa ngokweqile, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi okuvimbela abahlanza ekubuyiseni ukuzala, konke kuholela ekwehliseni okukhulu kwamanani.
Cishe ama-80% othosiwe awasindi nhlobo. Ezimweni ezenziwe ngokuqanjwa, zigadwe ngokucophelela ngabantu, izinhlanzi zisinda ekuphendukeni kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngendlela, iMola mola yangempela (inhlanzi yenyanga) ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100.
Ukubamba
Ukubamba umhlanzo ikakhulukazi eyenziwa emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic. Kepha nalapho, bazama ukukhawulela ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi eziphawuleka. Awukwazi ukubamba amathani angaphezu kwama-20-30 ngonyaka. Ngokuyinhloko, lobu buhle yibo ababhekele ukudoba kwezemidlalo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lapha ukuthi i-horse mackerel enjalo igcina isikhala esingezansi futhi iyasebenza ebusuku.
Yonke imisebenzi yezemidlalo enezinduku zokudoba yenziwa kusihlwa. Ntambama nasekuseni, badoba ezansi ngama-trawls noma ulwandle. Okusungulwa kakhulu ukudoba i-selenium yasePeru, evame ukuhlala eduze nolwandle lwase-Ecuador.
Izinhlanzi zisanda kuba semfashinini, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Yurophu, futhi ukufunwa kwazo kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inani laqala ukwehla kakhulu. Iziphathimandla zamazwe amaningi zibeka imingcele yokudoba ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Selenium evela oLwandlekazi iPacific iyayithanda inyama enhle, eminyene futhi ethambile. Zikhuliswa ngempumelelo emapulazini nasezinkulisa ezikhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuyadingeka: ukuhambisana nombuso wezinga lokushisa nokuba khona kwaphansi okunodaka. Njengomphumela wokutshalwa okufakelwayo usayizi we-vomer ifinyelela ku-15-20 cm kuphela.
Intengo
Vele, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ilukuluku elinje lingadliwa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi akubona bonke abamele lezi zinhlanzi abadliwayo. Kodwa-ke, sekuvele abaningi abayizimfundamakhwela, futhi abahlanza baya ngokuya be-idiwa ezindaweni zokudlela. Inyama ye-Moonfish ingomiswa, ithosiwe, ibheme, kuyathakazelisa nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Inani layo lokudla okunomsoco nalo liyakhanga. Iyaziwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla, njengoba iqukethe amafutha angaphezu kwama-3%. Kepha iqukethe i-phosphorus, i-calcium namaprotheni amaningi awusizo. Futhi kumnandi. Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Afrika, eMelika naseMpumalanga Ekude zithanda kakhulu izitsha ezivela e-selenium.
Futhi emazweni we-CIS wangaphambili, izingcezu ze-vomer zithengiswa ngenjabulo kabhiya. Iphinde yavela emashalofini. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile nokutholakala okuncane kuthinta inani lempilo yasolwandle. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-1 kg yenhlanzi efriziwe ibiza ama-ruble angama-350, kanti i-1 kg yenhlanzi ebhemayo ingathengwa ngama-ruble angama-450 (kusukela ngoDisemba 2019).
