IDiscus (Latin Symphysodon, English Discus fish) yinhlanzi enhle ngendlela eyisimanga futhi eyisiqu esesimweni somzimba wayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi babizwe ngokuthi amakhosi emanzini asemanzini angenasawoti.
Okukhulu, okukhanyayo ngokumangazayo, futhi akukhanyi okulula, kepha imibala eminingi ehlukene ... akuwona amakhosi? Futhi njengoba kufanele amakhosi, angajahile futhi ahloniphekile.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezinokuthula nenhle ziheha ama-hobbyists njengezinye izinhlanzi.
Lezi zinhlanzi zasemanzini zingezama-cichlids futhi zihlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies amathathu, amabili awo abaziwa isikhathi eside, kanti eyodwa isanda kutholakala.
I-Symphysodon aequifasciatus ne-Symphysodon discus yizo ezidume kakhulu, zihlala enkabeni naphansi eMfuleni i-Amazon, futhi ziyafana kakhulu ngombala nokuziphatha.
Kodwa uhlobo lwesithathu, i-discus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iSymphysodon haraldi) lisanda kuchazwa nguHeiko Bleher futhi lilindele ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo nokuqinisekiswa.
Vele, okwamanje, izinhlobo zasendle azivamile kangako kunezinhlobo ezifuywa ngokungeyena. Yize lezi zinhlanzi zinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kombala kusuka kufomu lasendle, azijwayelene nempilo ese-aquarium, zithambekele ezifweni futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezidinga kakhulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezidinga imingcele yamanzi ezinzile, i-aquarium enkulu, ukondla kahle, nezinhlanzi uqobo zibiza kakhulu.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Izwe lakubo eNingizimu Melika: iBrazil, iPeru, iVenezuela, iColombia, lapho behlala khona eAmazon nemithombo yayo. Baziswa okokuqala eYurophu phakathi kuka-1930 no-1940. Imizamo yangaphambilini ayiphumelelanga, kepha yanikeza ulwazi oludingekayo.
Phambilini, lolu hlobo lwaluhlukaniswe lwaba yimifucumfucu eminingana, kepha izifundo zamuva zakususa ukuhlukaniswa.
Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezaziwayo ezihlala emvelweni: i-discus eluhlaza (iSymphysodon aequifasciatus), i-discus kaHeckel noma i-discus ebomvu (i-Symphysodon discus). Uhlobo lwesithathu oluchazwe nguHeiko Bleher muva nje yi-discus ensundu (Symphysodon haraldi).
Izinhlobo zediski
I-Green Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus)
Kuchazwe nguPellegrin ngo-1904. Ihlala enkabeni ye-Amazon, ikakhulukazi eMfuleni iPutumayo enyakatho yePeru, naseBrazil eLake Tefe.
UHeckel Discus (iSymphysodon discus)
Noma obomvu, owachazwa okokuqala ngo-1840 nguDkt John Heckel (Johann Jacob Heckel), uhlala eNingizimu Melika, eBrazil emifuleni iRio Negro, eRio Trombetas.
I-Blue Discus (Symphysodon haraldi)
Ichazwe okokuqala nguSchultz ngo-1960. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Amazon
Incazelo
Le yinhlanzi enkulu yasemanzini, emise okwediski. Ngokuya ngohlobo, ingakhula ifike ku-15-25 cm ubude. Lokhu kungenye yama-cichlids acindezelwe kamuva, afana nediski elime, elathola igama lalo.
Okwamanje, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza umbala, ngoba inani elikhulu lemibala nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zazalaniswa yizifundiswa. Ngisho nokuzibeka ohlwini kukodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside.
Okuthandwa kakhulu yigazi lejuba, idayimane eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-turkis, isikhumba senyoka, ingwe, i-pidgeon, ophuzi, obomvu nezinye eziningi.
Kepha, ngesikhathi sokuwela, lezi zinhlanzi azitholanga umbala ogqamile kuphela, kepha futhi nokuzivikela komzimba okubuthakathaka nokuthambekela kwezifo. Ngokungafani nefomu lasendle, abanamqondo futhi bafuna kakhulu.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
I-Discus kufanele igcinwe ngama-aquarists anolwazi futhi ngokuqinisekile ayifanele izinhlanzi zabaqalayo.
Zifuna kakhulu futhi zizoba yinselelo nakwamanye ama-aquarist anolwazi, ikakhulukazi ekuzaleni.
Inselelo yokuqala abhekene nayo olwandle ngemuva kokuthenga ukujwayeza i-aquarium entsha. Izinhlanzi ezindala zibekezelela ushintsho lokuhlala kangcono, kepha noma zithambekele ekucindezelekeni. Usayizi omkhulu, impilo ebuthakathaka, ukufuna okunesondlo nokondla, izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphezulu lokugcina, wonke la maphuzu adinga ukwaziwa futhi acatshangwe ngaphambi kokuthenga inhlanzi yakho yokuqala. Udinga i-aquarium enkulu, isihlungi esihle kakhulu, ukudla okunophawu nokubekezela okuningi.
Ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwezinhlanzi, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba zithambekele ezifweni ezine-semolina, nezinye izifo, futhi ukuhamba kuzobangela ukucindezeleka futhi kusebenze njengesikhuthazo ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.
Ukondla
Ngokuyinhloko badla ukudla kwezilwane, kungabanda futhi kuphile. Isibonelo: i-tubifex, i-bloodworms, i-brine shrimp, i-coretra, i-gammarus.
Kepha, abathandi bazondla ngokudla okunama-discus, noma inyama eningi egayiwe, efaka: inhliziyo yenkomo, inyama yezimfanzi kanye nemisipha, imicu yezinhlanzi, izimbabazane, amavithamini nemifino ehlukahlukene.
Cishe wonke umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa uneresiphi yakhe eqinisekisiwe, kwesinye isikhathi iba nezithako eziningi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zidalwa zinamahloni futhi zivinjelwe, kanti ngenkathi ezinye izinhlanzi zisadla, zingahlala endaweni ethile ekhoneni le-aquarium. Ngalesi sizathu, zivame ukugcinwa zihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlanzi.
Siphinde futhi siphawule ukuthi izinsalela zokudla okunothe ngamaprotheni okuwela ezansi kubangela ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-ammonia ne-nitrate emanzini, okunomthelela omubi ezinhlanzini. Ukugwema lokhu, udinga ukuthi uhlasele njalo ezansi, noma ungasebenzisi inhlabathi, evame ukwenziwa ngabathandi bezimfundamakhwela.
Ukudla okubukhoma, ikakhulukazi ama-bloodworms kanye ne-tubifex, kungadala izifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nobuthi bokudla, ngakho-ke, imvamisa kunikezwa inyama egayiwe noma ukudla okwenziwe.
Ukuqopha e-Amazon:
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Ukugcina udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-250 noma ngaphezulu, kepha uma uzogcina izinhlanzi eziningana, ivolumu kufanele ibe nkulu.
Njengoba inhlanzi yinde, i-aquarium mhlawumbe iphakeme, futhi yinde. Isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle, i-siphon ejwayelekile yenhlabathi kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni samasonto onke kwengxenye yamanzi kuyadingeka.
Ama-discus azwela kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-ammonia ne-nitrate emanzini, futhi empeleni kumapharamitha nobumsulwa bamanzi. Futhi yize bona uqobo bekhiqiza imfucuza encane, ikakhulukazi badla inyama egayiwe, ebola ngokushesha emanzini futhi bayingcolise.
Bakhetha amanzi athambile, ane-asidi encane, futhi maqondana namazinga okushisa, badinga amanzi afudumele kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezishisayo ezidinga. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza kube nzima ukuthi izinhlanzi zithole omakhelwane.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokuqukethwe 28-31 ° C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 10-15 dGH. Ngeminye imingcele, ukuthambekela kwezifo nokufa kwezinhlanzi kuyanda.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezinamahloni kakhulu, azithandi imisindo enomsindo, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ukushaywa kwengilazi nomakhelwane abangazethembi. Kungcono ukuthola i-aquarium ezindaweni lapho zingaphazanyiswa khona okuncane.
Ama-aquariums ezitshalo afanelekile uma kunendawo eyanele yokubhukuda. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izitshalo ezingamelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-28 C kahle, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinhlobo ezifanele.
Izinketho ezingenzeka: didiplis, vallisneria, anubias nana, ambulia, rotala indica.
Kodwa-ke, labo abayizimfundamakhwela abangafuni imali kamanyolo, i-CO2 kanye nokukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu, bakuphethe ngempumelelo kubelusi bemithi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlanzi zibalulekile ngokwazo, ngaphandle kokuhamba. Futhi ochwepheshe bazigcina ezindaweni zasemanzini ngaphandle kwezitshalo, inhlabathi, izinkuni zokukhukhula nokunye ukuhlobisa.
Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezinhlanzi, nokunciphisa ubungozi bezifo.
Lapho uqala ukukhipha izinhlanzi ku-aquarium yakho, zinike isikhathi sokubalekela ukucindezeleka. Ungakhanyisi amalambu, ungami eduze kwe-aquarium, faka izitshalo ku-aquarium noma okuthile inhlanzi engakufihla ngemuva.
Yize kuyinselele futhi befuna ukukunakekela, bazoletha ukwaneliseka okukhulu nenjabulo kumuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa onomdlandla nongaguquguquki.
Ukuhambisana
Ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlids, izinhlanzi ze-discus ziyizinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezinempilo kakhulu. Akuzona izilwane ezidla ezinye, futhi azimbangi njengama-cichlid amaningi. Le yinhlanzi efunda isikole futhi incamela ukuyigcina ngamaqembu ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu futhi ayibekezeleli isizungu.
Inkinga ngokukhethwa komakhelwane ukuthi bayaphuza, badle ngokungcebeleka futhi bahlala emazingeni okushisa amanzi aphezulu ngokwanele kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, futhi ukuze ungalethi izifo, i-discus ivame ukugcinwa ku-aquarium ehlukile.
Kepha, uma usafuna ukufaka omakhelwane kubo, khona-ke ziyahambisana: neons ebomvu, i-apistogram kaRamirezi, ukulwa kwama-clown, i-tetra enekhala elibomvu, iCongo, kanye nezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe i-aquarium ihlanzekile, ngokwesibonelo, i-tarakatum, i-catfish ene-sucker esikhundleni salokho imilomo igwenywa kangcono njengoba ingahlasela izinhlanzi ezinomzimba osicaba.
Abanye abalimi bayeluleka ngokugwema amaphaseji njengoba ejwayele ukuphatha izimuncagazi zangaphakathi.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa, ngokuqinisekile kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-aquarists anolwazi ahlukanisa ngekhanda, owesilisa unebunzi eliqinile nezindebe ezijiyile.
Ukuzala
Ungabhala ama-athikili angaphezu kwesisodwa mayelana nokuzalisa i-discus, futhi kungcono ukukwenza lokhu kubafuyi abanolwazi. Sizokutshela ngokujwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, bayazala, bakhe umbhangqwana ozinzile, kepha umane nje uhlanganiswe nezinye izinhlanzi ngombala. Lokhu kusetshenziswa abalimi ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha, ezazingaziwa ngaphambili zokufaka imibala.
Amaqanda ezinhlanzi abekwa ezitshalweni, izinkuni ezikhukhulwayo, amatshe, ukuhlobisa; manje kusathengiswa izigaxa ezikhethekile, ezilula futhi ezilula ukunakekelwa.
Yize ukuzala kungaphumelela emanzini aqinile, ubunzima abufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-6 ° dGH ukuze amaqanda akhule. Amanzi kufanele abe ne-asidi encane (5.5 - 6 °), athambile (3-10 ° dGH) futhi afudumele kakhulu (27.7 - 31 ° C).
Insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda angama-200-400, aqandula emahoreni angama-60. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezi-5-6 zempilo yabo, ukudla okuthosiwe kuketshezi olusuka esikhumbeni esikhiqizwa ngabazali babo.
