Izigwaca - enye yezinyoni ezivame kakhulu eRussia, ezizingelwa endle. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zikhuliswa ezimbonini zezinkukhu nasemapulazini asekhaya - inyama yazo imnandi kakhulu, futhi amaqanda abo anomsoco. Kodwa lezi zinyoni ezincane azilula njengoba zibonakala ekuqaleni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izigwaca
Izigwaca (noma izigwaca ezivamile) yinyoni eyomndeni we-pheasant. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili esezikhona. Ama-pheasants awumndeni ohlukahlukene onezinyoni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izindlela zokuphila nezindawo zokuhlala.
Izinyoni ezahlukahlukene zinezici ezilandelayo:
- isithembu;
- izinyoni azikwenzi ngazimbili zesikhathi eside, njengomthetho, owesilisa unezinsikazi eziningana;
- izici zesibili zobulili ezishiwoyo zabesilisa;
- umbala wazo wehlukile kowesifazane, ukhanya ngokwengeziwe;
- notch emaphethelweni angemuva we-sternum, i-phalanx emfushane yedijithi yangemuva;
- ama-spurs, amaphiko ayindilinga.
Izinyoni zomndeni azivamile ukundiza, yize zazi ukuthi zingakwenza kanjani. Ngenxa yesakhiwo somzimba esisindayo, kodwa esilinganayo nentamo ehambayo, zigijima ngokushesha futhi zikhetha ukwakha izidleke emindenini ephansi, otshanini obude noma ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, bavame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinkulu nezincane, futhi babe yinto yokudoba kwabantu. Inyama yePheasant yaziswa kakhulu emakethe yemidlalo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pheasant zingazalana zodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa balwela ukushiya inzalo. Amaqanda abekwa esidlekeni - ukucindezeleka emhlabathini, kufakwe amaqabunga omile notshani. Eminye imindeni yakha imihlambi emincane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Quail bird
Izigwaca yinyoni encane, cishe eyi-16-22 cm ubude. Isisindo sowesifazane cishe siyi-91 gram, isisindo sowesilisa singama-gramu ayi-130. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zimpunga, ezinamachaphaza amhlophe amhlophe - lo mbala uyivumela ukuthi ifihle kangcono otshanini obomile. Ikhanda, umhlane, umsila unemivimbo ebomvu, ephuzi, futhi kunemengamo emide emide ngenhla kwamehlo. Umzimba wesagwaca ucwebezele ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukwazi ukuzifihla futhi ugijime ngokushesha. Ukuma komzimba we-teardrop, umsila omfushane namaphiko akhombe kumvumela ukuthi athole ukushesha ngenkathi egijima. Izimpaphe azivumelaniswa nezimo ezinomswakama, kepha zinikeza i-thermoregulation, ipholisa umzimba lapho kushisa.
Ividiyo: Izigwaca
Izigwaca zinamaphiko amafushane amboza ngokuphelele umzimba wazo, ikhanda elincane nentamo ende ezacile. Izidladla zawo ezinkulu zibavumela ukuba bagijime ngokushesha, banqobe izithiyo futhi bambe phansi emhlabathini befuna imbewu noma ukwakha isidleke. Ngaphandle kwezidladla zezidladla zabo, izigwaca azazi ukuthi zingazivikela kanjani ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Izici ezihlukile zabesilisa nabesifazane zivela ekuqaleni kweviki lesithathu lokuphila ngemuva kokuvela kwephuphu. Abesilisa bakhula ngokushesha, bakhule babe bakhulu futhi babe nesisindo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wama-pheasant, azikho ezeduna noma ezinsikazi zezigwaca ezine-spurs.
Abesilisa bayehluka kwabesifazane: banesifuba esibomvu (ngenkathi kwabesifazane simhlophe), ukumakwa okuphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo nasesinqeni. Zona zinkulu ngosayizi, kepha zisakhetha ukugwema isilwane kunokulwa. Izinzipho zesilisa zinde futhi zinamandla, njengoba zidinga ukuthi zilwe zodwa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Zihlala kuphi izigwaca?
Isithombe: Izigwaca eRussia
Kuyinyoni ejwayelekile eye yathandwa njengenyoni yomdlalo emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isatshalaliswa nge:
- IYurophu;
- ENyakatho Afrika;
- I-Western Asia;
- IMadagascar (lapho izinyoni zivame ukuhlala unyaka wonke ngaphandle kwezindiza ngenxa yenani elincane lezitha zemvelo);
- empumalanga yeLake Baikal nakuyo yonke iRussia emaphakathi.
Izigwaca ezivamile, ezivame kakhulu eRussia, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezaseYurophu nezaseJapan. Izinyoni zaseJapan zafuywa eJapan futhi manje zikhuliswa emapulazini ezinkukhu ukuthola inyama namaqanda, ngakho-ke inani lazo endle lehlisiwe. Izigwaca zaseYurophu zivame kakhulu. Ngenxa yempilo yokuzulazula, le nyoni indiza amabanga amade ngenxa yokwakha isidleke. Izidleke zitholakala yonke indlela ziya e-Middle Iran naseTurkmenistan, lapho zifika khona ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngasenyakatho, enkabeni yeRussia, imihlambi yezigwaca indiza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi nezinkukhu esezikhulile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ERussia, zithanda ukuzingela izigwaca ngokunembile lapho zibalekela ezifundeni ezifudumele zasebusika - izinyoni eziningi zikhuphukela emoyeni futhi kulula ukuzishaya. Ekuzingeleni okunjalo, kusetshenziswa izinja eziqeqeshiwe, eziletha inyoni edutshulwayo kumzingeli.
Le nyoni incamela ukuhlala emaqeleni nasemasimini, kunokuhlala ehlathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthambekela kwakhe kwimpilo yasemhlabeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, zakha izidleke emhlabathini. Izigwaca zithanda isimo sezulu esomile, azibekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Zidlani izigwaca?
Isithombe: Ukubeka izagwaca
Izigwaca yizinyoni ezisebenzisa omnivorous ezichitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo ezimweni ezinzima eRussia emaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kulinganisiwe - lokhu kuyimbewu, okusanhlamvu, utshani obuluhlaza (i-quinoa, i-woodlice, i-alfalfa, i-dandelion, u-anyanisi wasendle), izimpande nezinambuzane. Endle, amatshwele alezi zinyoni adla ukudla okuphezulu kwamaprotheni: izibungu zebhungane, imisundu nezinye izinambuzane "ezithambile".
Ngokukhula, le nyoni ishintshela ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uyeka ukukhula futhi udinga amaprotheni amaningi. Ngenkathi kubalulekile ukuthi amaphuphu akhule ngokushesha futhi aqale ukundiza ukuze alungele ukundiza okude phakathi kwamazwe namazwekazi ngenyanga. Amachwane angadli ukudla okwanele kwamaprotheni ayomane afe ngesikhathi sendiza noma awela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Njengoba izagwaca zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinkukhu, ukudla kwazo kuhluke kancani kunokujwayelekile "kwendle". Amachwane anikezwa i-cottage shizi exutshwe ne-protein yeqanda elibiliswe kanzima njengeprotein ne-calcium. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ufulawa wommbila lapho ukuze inhlama inganamatheli ndawonye.
Izinyoni ezindala zondliwa ngokudla okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngezinkukhu - ukudla kwenkukhu akulungele bona. Kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zamavithamini kanye ne-bran ukwenza izinyoni zikhuluphale zibekele amaqanda. Esikhundleni sokuphakelayo, ungaxuba okusanhlamvu kommbila namabele, kwesinye isikhathi ungeze amaqanda abilisiwe noshizi wekotishi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yemvelo yazo emnandi, izinyoni zingagaya inyama yenkukhu ebilisiwe, ngakho-ke zingashintsha izikelemu nezimbungulu ekudleni "kwasendle" kwezigwaca.
Izinyoni nazo zondliwa ngamakhambi eziwajwayele, kufaka phakathi u-anyanisi oluhlaza owenziwe ekhaya, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba entekenteke. Ebusika, abangajwayele, kungcono ukupha utshani obomile obuhlanganisiwe, obuhlanganiswa nokudla okuvamile.
Futhi, izigwaca endle nasekhaya zingadla:
- amathambo ezinhlanzi noma inhlanzi;
- imbewu ye-sunflower, okusanhlamvu okuphelele. Izinyoni zazo zitholakala emasimini okulima;
- uphizi, amagobolondo achotshoziwe;
- usawoti.
- amagobolondo achotshoziwe noma amagobolondo aphelele asikiwe njengesengezo se-calcium.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uzondla kanjani izigwaca. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni ihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izigwaca zabesilisa nabesifazane
Izigwaca yizinyoni ezinokuthula ezingenandlela yokuzivikela ngaphandle kokuzifihla. Ngentwasahlobo, baya emasimini ezolimo, lapho badla khona izitshalo bese bemba imifino. Ekudleni okunjalo, izinyoni zikhuluphala masinyane, yingakho zivame ukufa ezindizeni. Izinyoni zilungiselela ukundiza lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukwehla ngaphansi kuka-zero degrees. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu asevele aqina futhi afunde ukundiza, ngakho-ke izigwaca zigonene ezicathulweni ezinkulu. Kepha ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele, izigwaca zingahlala iminyaka yonke, yize kungokwemvelo zithambekele ekundizeni.
Ukufuduka kwezinyoni kungathatha amasonto ambalwa - phakathi "kwama-marathoni" anjalo kusinda kuphela izinyoni ezinamandla kakhulu. Isibonelo, zisuka eMpumalanga Siberia, ezinye izinhlobo zezigwaca zindiza ziye eNdiya ebusika, okuzithatha amasonto amathathu nesigamu. Ngasekupheleni kwesizini efudumele, izigwaca zigcwala zibe imihlambi emincane (kwesinye isikhathi ziyimindeni ephelele enamantshontsho nabazali besithembu) - yile ndlela abafudumala ngayo ebusuku. Ukusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, bayandiza ngoSepthemba futhi eduze no-Okthoba.
Ngenxa yamaphiko abo abuthakathaka kanye nomthethosisekelo womzimba ongakulungele ukundiza, bayama kaningi (ngokungafani nenkonjane efanayo noma ama-swifts). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ziba sengozini yezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nabazingeli - ekupheleni kokufuduka, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 ezinyoni ziyafa. Izidladla eziqinile zezinyoni zidingeka kakhulu kuzo lapho zifuna imbewu nezinambuzane enhlabathini eqinile enkabeni yeRussia. Kodwa azikubekezeleli ukungcoliswa kwezimpaphe, ngakho-ke "imikhuba" yansuku zonke yezinyoni ifaka ukuhlanza izimpaphe nokuhlanza isidleke sazo ezingxabanweni ezingadingekile. Ngendlela efanayo, ngokuhlanza izimpaphe, balahla ama-parasites anqamulelayo.
Owesifazane ngamunye unesidleke sakhe - abesilisa kuphela abangenaso, ngoba bamatasa kakhulu emsebenzini, bafuna ingozi engaba khona. Isidleke siyimbobo encane emhlabathini, lapho izinyoni zimba khona ngezidladla ezinkulu. Umgodi ubekwe ngotshani obomile namagatsha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ichwane lezagwaca
Izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni somhlambi wabantu abayi-15-20. Le mali ibavumela ukuthi babe sethubeni lokugwema ukushayisana nezilwane ezidla ezinye futhi baphile ngesikhathi kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu. Umhlambi ikakhulukazi wakhiwe ngabesifazane nabesilisa abaningana, abafaka izagwaca eziningana. NgoMeyi noma ngoJuni, lapho izigwaca zizwa ukushisa okwandayo, inkathi yazo yokuzala iyaqala. Abesilisa babheka abalingani futhi bahlele izimpi, ezingabonakaliswa kokubili ngokucula ngokuthula ("umculi" ohamba phambili uzothola ilungelo lokushada), nasezimpini ezinzima.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukulwa kwezagwaca, kanye nokulwa kwamakhongwane, kuyathandwa ngabantu, kepha akuzona ezinegazi eliningi ngenxa yokushoda kwama-spurs ezandleni zabo.
Owesifazane ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-unyaka owodwa - lokhu sekwephuze kakhulu ngezinyoni ezikhula ngokushesha, kepha iminyaka yobudala inxeshezelwa inani lamachwane angazalwa yisigwaca. Owesifazane umba isidleke bese asihlomisela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Isidleke somhlambi sincike ekutheni umhlaba uvunde kangakanani - imvamisa atholakala eduze kwezinsimu zezolimo.
Ukuhlela isidleke, izigwaca azisebenzisi nje kuphela amagatsha notshani, kepha zisebenzisa ne-fluff yaso uqobo. Inyoni ingabeka amaqanda angafika kuma-20 ngasikhathi, nokuyinto enkulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinkukhu (kathathu ngaphezulu). Iduna alibambi qhaza ekunakekeleni insikazi, kodwa alishiyi isidleke amasonto amabili, noma ngabe kulamba kakhulu futhi komile. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa.
Amachwane achamisela azimele futhi aqinile, lapho esenenyanga eyodwa nohhafu abe yizinyoni ezigcwele cishe ezindala. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala bezifunela ukudla bebodwa, bayakwazi ukubalekela kumzingeli. Omama bavame ukwakha uhlobo lwe "nursery" lapho iqembu lezigwaca linakekela isikhukhu esikhulu.
Imvelo yomama ethuthukile yanika omama izigwaca into eyodwa ethokozisayo ebonwa ezinyonini eziningi ezihlala phansi (ngokwesibonelo, ama-pheasants kanye nama-partridges). Uma isilwane esincane esifana ne-weasel noma impungushe sivela eduze, izigwaca zisasishiya isidleke, kodwa zenze sengathi iphiko laso lilimele. Ngezindiza ezimfushane, isusa umhlaseli esidlekeni, bese inyuka iye phezulu ibuyele ku-clutch - isilwane sishiywe singenalutho futhi silahlekelwa umzila waso wokudla.
Izitha zemvelo zesagwaca
Isithombe: Izigwaca emvelweni
Izigwaca zingukudla kwezilwane eziningi ezidla amahlathi nehlathi.
Okokuqala, lokhu yikho:
- izimpungushe. Zihlasela izigwaca ebusuku, lapho zingakwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa kube ngotshani obukhulu. Izimpungushe zingesinye sezitha eziyinhloko zezigwaca, ngoba yibo ikakhulu abagcina inani lalezi zinyoni ngendlela ejwayelekile;
- izimpisi. Lezi zidlakela ezinkulu azivamisile ukushiya indawo yehlathi, kepha ngezikhathi zendlala ziyakwazi ukuzingela izigwaca. Yize, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nokuvilapha, izimpisi azivamile ukubamba inyoni engaconsi phansi;
- ama-ferrets, ama-weasel, ama-ermines, ama-martens. Izilwane ezizingelayo zingabazingeli abahamba phambili kulezi zinyoni, njengoba zihamba ngokushesha njengezigwaca. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke banentshisekelo yamachwane;
- okhetshe noklebe. Zikhetha ukulandela imihlambi yezinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze ukudla isikhathi eside;
- ama-hamsters, ama-gopher, amanye amagundane. Izigwaca ngokwazo azinandaba nazo, kepha azinankinga nokudla amaqanda, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi ziyazonakalisa izidleke uma zingafinyelela emaqandeni achanyuselwe.
Izitha zemvelo azisongeli inani lezigwaca, ezingenakushiwo ngokuzingela, ngoba ngenxa yazo izinhlobo zezigwaca ezijwayelekile zinganyamalala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izigwaca zasendle
Izigwaca kuhloswe ngakho kokubili ukuzingela kwezemidlalo nokuzingela inyama. E-USSR, ukuzingelwa kwezigwaca kwakusakazeke kakhulu, ngakho ukubhujiswa kwabo kwenzeka ngezinga lezimboni. Esifundeni esisehlathini, izinyoni ziye zanyamalala cishe ngokuphelele; Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni wama-pheasant zabhujiswa. Kepha ngenxa yokuzala, izigwaca azizange zife ngokuphelele.
Ukuzalanisa kwabo kudlale indima enkulu ekulondolozeni abantu bezinhlobo. Ekhulwini elidlule, amaJapane afuya izigwaca zaseJapan futhi aqala ukuzizalela emapulazini ezinkukhu. Inyoni ayikaze ikhethwe, kanti lolu hlobo lusindile kubantu abaningi. Futhi, inani lezigwaca laqala ukwehla ngenxa yesinye isici se-anthropogenic - ukutshalwa komhlaba wezolimo.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokufa kwezinyoni:
- okokuqala, kungukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Izikhukhukazi ezazingakwazi ukushiya isidleke ngenkathi zifukamela amaqanda zafa ngamashumi ngaphansi kwamasondo emishini yezolimo;
- okwesibili, ukwelashwa kwembewu nezitshalo ezigwaca ezidla ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane isisu sayo esingakwazi ukuyigaya;
- okwesithathu, ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala kanye nokudla kwabo. Izitshalo, izinambuzane kanye nensimu entofontofo yehlathi-emahlathini ziyeke ukuba khona ngesikhathi kulinywa kakhulu umhlaba e-USSR, okwenza izigwaca zingakwazi ukuzala futhi, ngokufanele, inani labantu lehla.
Kunzima ukusho ngisho nenani elilinganiselwe lezinyoni okwamanje, kodwa kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi lolu hlobo alukho emaphethelweni okuqothulwa futhi aludingi ukuvikelwa. Ngenxa yokuzalanisa kabanzi emapulazini amakhulu nasekhaya, izigwaca ziphinde zakha inani labantu esikhathini esingaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, futhi isibalo sazo siyanda.
Izigwaca yizinyoni eziyigugu emvelweni nasekhaya. Emahlathini asemahlathini, akha ingxenye ebalulekile yochungechunge lokudla, futhi kubantu bayinyama namaqanda amnandi, izinyoni ezikhiqiza ngobuningi bazo. Izigwaca akunzima ukuzigcina, ngakho-ke abantu bafunda ngokushesha ukuzikhulisa ngezinga lezimboni. Izigwaca - omunye wabamele "abanenhlanhla" kakhulu emndenini we-pheasant.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 24.09.2019 ngo-18: 11
