Iphengwini elibunjiwe - laba ngomunye wabamele abancane bama-penguin. Ngenxa yemisipha yawo yegolide ekhanda, ebonakala yakha amashiya, anokuma okubukhali futhi okuqinile. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obuncane, ama-penguin aqhekekile ayizinyoni eziphilayo kakhulu, ezisheshayo futhi ezinesibindi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: ICrested Penguin
I-penguin e-crested ingeyomndeni wama-penguin. Izinsalela zakamuva zamaphengwini amancane zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-32 ubudala. Ngaphandle kokuthi iningi lama-penguin likhulu, izinyoni ezinkulu, okhokho babo babebakhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinsalela ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zatholakala. Isisindo salo cishe sasingu-120 kg.
Ividiyo: ICrested Penguin
Umbuzo wokuxhumanisa okuphakathi phakathi kwama-penguin amakhulu asendulo namaphengwini amancane ahlala evulekile. Mhlawumbe, lezi zinyoni zazijwayele ukundiza, njengama-albatross nezinhlanzi zasolwandle, kepha indlela yokuphila yasemanzini yavele yabajabulisa kakhulu. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinyoni ezindizayo namaphengwini angakwazi ukundiza kulahlekile
Izinyoni ezivela emndenini wama-penguin zinenqwaba yezici ezitholakala kuzo zonke:
- bahlala emaphaketheni. Ama-penguin akha izidleke ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi ngezikhathi ezibandayo ayahlangana ukuze afudumale. Futhi, indlela yokuphila ngokuhlanganyela ikuvumela ukuthi uzivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye;
- ukuma komzimba wamaphengwini kufana nenhlamvu, kuyalungiswa. Ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni zingakhula ngesivinini esikhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengama-torpedoes noma izinhlamvu;
- amaphengwini awakwazi ukundiza. Uma izinkukhu zikwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza zesikhashana, khona-ke umzimba omkhulu wamaphengwini ngamaphiko abo amancane ubenza bangakwazi ngisho nokundiza okufishane;
- ama-penguin ahamba aqonde. Okuvelele kwesakhiwo somgogodla wayo ukuthi cishe akukho ukugoba.
Ama-penguin ahluka ngokuncane phakathi kwawo: usayizi, umbala neminye imininingwane angabonakala ngayo. Njengomthetho, umbala wama-penguin unomsebenzi wokufihla - umhlane omnyama nenhloko nesisu esilula. Ama-penguin anomlomo omude wokubamba kanye nomlomo omude.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-penguin e-crested
Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi zama-penguin aqhekekile ziyafana. Ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-60 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-3 kg. Lezi zinyoni ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi zinesici esivelele - izimpaphe phezu kwamehlo azo zihlangene, ziphuzi ngokugqamile, zakha uhlobo lwamashiya noma ama-crests, lawo maphengwini abizwa ngawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi abakatholakali ukuthi kungani iphengwini elidumbile lidinga izimpaphe eziphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo alo. Kuze kube manje, okucatshangwayo kuphela ukuthi badlala indima emidlalweni yokukhwelana yalolu hlobo.
Kuma-penguin aqhekekile, izimpaphe ezingangeni manzi ziyisici, esihlinzeka nge-thermoregulation: ifudumeza inyoni ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, ipholile ngesikhathi esishisayo. Uqhwaku lwephengwini lude, lujiyile, futhi luvame ukuba nombala obomvu.
Ama-penguin e-Crested ayizinhlobo ezinkulu ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezithile:
- i-rocky crested penguin - ivelele ngokuya ngendawo yezidladla, okuthi, ngokungathi kunjalo, zihlehliselwe emuva ukwenza kube lula ukuthi iphengwini likhuphuke amatshe;
- i-penguin yasenyakatho i-crested iyinhlobo esengozini kakhulu. Lezi yizinyoni eziphakathi nendawo ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama eziningi;
- iphengwini laseVictoria. Uyehluka ezindaweni ezimhlophe ezihlathini. Ngokuvamile, isisu esimhlophe sivame kakhulu kunamanye ama-penguin ase-crested;
- iphengwini elikhulu. Eqinisweni, hhayi ama-subspecies amakhulu kunawo wonke - abiwa ngokususelwa endaweni yokuhlala eSnares Archipelago - lena indawo encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-penguin;
- I-Schlegel penguin. I-subspecies engajwayelekile enombala okhanyayo wephengwini we-crested, ongenazo izintambo zegolide nomlomo ojiyile kakhulu. Banomhlane ompunga osiliva onezimpawu ezimhlophe nezinyawo ezimhlophe. Izimpaphe ekhanda zinombala wegolide ongaphawuleki kangako;
- iphengwini elikhulu elikhulu. Ama-penguin amakhulu kunawo wonke. Kubonakala ngezimpaphe ezinkulu ngesakhiwo, okubukeka kufana nohlobo lwemeyili yeketanga;
- i-macaroni penguin. Kulesi subspecies, amachashazi aphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo abonakala ngokusobala. Uhlobo lokuqala olutholakele lwe-penguin e-crested.
Lawa ma-penguin anokungafani okuncane komunye nomunye, ososayensi abavumelani nokwabiwa kwesigaba esisodwa sama-penguin aqhekekile.
Ihlala kuphi iphengwini?
Isithombe: I-bird crested penguin
Ama-penguin aseCrested asakazeke kakhulu eziqhingini zaseSubantarctic, eTasmania, eziqhingini zaseTierra del Fuego nasogwini lwezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. Iningi labantu lisatshalaliswa kulezi zindawo.
Kepha ama-subspecies ngamanye ama-penguin ahlala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Iziqhingi zase-Antipode, eNew Zealand, eCampbell, e-Auckland, eBounty Islands - indawo yokwakha ama-penguin amakhulu;
- iziqhingi zaseNingizimu Georgia, iSouth Shetland, i-Orkney, iziqhingi zaseSandichevsky - indawo yokuhlala i-macaroon penguin;
- iphengwini elikhulu lihlala kuphela eziqhingini zeSnares - lihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-3.3 kuphela;
- iphengwini elinamakhadi aminyene litholakala eziQhingini zaseStewart naseSolander eduze naseNew Zealand;
- Isiqhingi iMacquarie ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala i-Schlegel penguin;
- ama-subspecies asenyakatho ahlala eziqhingini zaseTristan da Cunha nasesiqhingini saseGough.
Ama-penguin aseCrested akhetha indawo enamadwala njengezindawo zokuhlala. Zonke, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, zivumelaniswa nokuhamba phezu kwamatshe nasemadwaleni. Ama-penguin azama ukungazinzile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ekude, ngoba abubekezeleli ubusika nokuntuleka kokudla. Yize ama-penguin edidekile ngenxa yomthethosisekelo womzimba wawo, ama-penguin aqhekekile ayashesha futhi ashesha. Uyabona ukuthi bagxumagxuma besuka etsheni baye kwelinye futhi indlela abangena ngayo ngokungesabi emanzini avela emaweni aphakeme.
Zihlala ngemihlambi emikhulu bese zakha izidleke khona kanye emadwaleni. Kubalulekile kubo ukuthi noma ngenkathi ebandayo, kungatholakala utshani obomile, amagatsha nezihlahla esiqhingini, ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha isidleke, yize izidleke eziningi zakhiwa ngamatshe amancane abushelelezi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-penguin wabo bobabili ubulili bafaka izidleke zabo ngezimpaphe zabo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona iphengwini. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini iphengwini?
Isithombe: I-Crested penguin evela eRed Book
Amaphengwini adla ngayo yonke into angayithola olwandle futhi angena ngomlomo.
Imvamisa lokhu:
- izinhlanzi ezincane - ama-anchovies, ama-sardine;
- krill;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izimbaza;
- ama-cephalopods amancane - octopus, cuttlefish, squid.
Njengama-king penguin, ama-crested aguqulelwa ukuphuza amanzi anosawoti. Usawoti omningi ukhishwa ngezindlala ezikhethekile eziseduze nekhala. Noma, uma kukhona ukufinyelela kwamanzi amasha, ama-penguin angathanda ukuwaphuza. Ehlobo, ama-penguin aqhekekile athola amafutha ngenkathi esohambweni olude. Ebusika, balahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yesisindo sabo; futhi yehlisa isisindo ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana. Ngenkathi isondla amaphuphu, insikazi ibhekene nokondla amawundlu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-penguin ethambile ikhetha ukuletha inhlanzi ephelele noma izingcezu zezinhlanzi kwabancane kunokuba iphinde ivuselele inhlanzi ephekwe kakhulu emilonyeni yabo.
Ama-penguin aseCrested ahamba kamnandi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu kakhulu ekuphishekeleni inyamazane. Njengamahlengethwa, ama-penguin aqhekekile akhetha ukuzingela ngamaphakethe, ahlasela isikole sezinhlanzi eqenjini, ngaleyo ndlela aziphazamise. Futhi, emhlambini, iphengwini kungenzeka iphume iphila lapho ibhekene nomzingeli. Amaphengwini angabazingeli abayingozi. Zigwinya izinhlanzi ekuhambeni futhi ziyakwazi ukudla ngisho nabantu abakhulu kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncane nobuchule, bayakwazi ukukhipha ama-crustaceans nama-octopus emigodini nakwezinye izindawo ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ama-penguin ama-crested
Ama-penguin aseCrested awatholakali ngawodwa, ayizinyoni zomphakathi. Umhlambi wamaphengwini ungaba ngaphezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu, okukukhulu kakhulu ngisho nangamazinga amaphengwini. Indawo yokuhlala eyihlane iyakhethwa, equkethe amatshe nezihlahla ezingavamile eduze kolwandle. Yize kwesinye isikhathi zihlala eduze namachibi nemifula emisha, imvamisa iyimihlambi emincane esuke endaweni evamile. Ama-penguin aseCrested ayathanda ukwenza umsindo. Bahlala bememeza, futhi kunzima ukungakuzwa ukukhala kwabo: kuyakhala, kuyisihosho futhi kuzwakala kakhulu. Le yindlela ama-penguin akhuluma ngayo futhi anikeze imininingwane ehlukahlukene. Ebusuku, ama-penguin ayathula, ngoba esaba ukuheha izilwane ezidlayo.
Ama-penguin aseCrested angabizwa ngokuthi yizinhlobo zepenguin ezinesibindi nezinolaka kakhulu. Ipheya ngalinye lama-penguin linendawo yalo, evikela ngomona. Uma enye i-penguin ingena endaweni yabo, khona-ke bobabili abesilisa nabesilisa bazolwela ngomona indawo yabo efanele. Lesi simo sengqondo kule ndawo sihlotshaniswa namatshe amancane ayindilinga, asetshenziselwa ukwakha isidleke. Uluhlobo lwemali ye-penguin. Ama-penguin aseCrested awagcini nje ukuqoqa amatshe asogwini, kodwa futhi awantshontsha kwezinye izidleke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho owesilisa ehlala esidlekeni, bese kuthi owesifazane ahambe ayokondla, ezinye izinsikazi ziza kulo wesilisa bese zenza isenzo esimemayo sokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, eyeduna ishiya isidleke isikhashana, bese insikazi iyeba amatshe ayo amatshe esidlekeni sayo.
Ama-penguin aseCrested awagcini ekukhaleni okusongelayo - ayakwazi ukushaya ngoqhwaku lwawo nengxenye engaphambili yekhanda, engalimaza ophikisana naye. Ngendlela efanayo, bavikela abancane babo nabalingani babo ngisho nasezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ama-penguin aseCrested nawo anabangane bomndeni abanobungane kubo. Imvamisa zizingela ngamaqembu futhi azintshontshelani amatshe. Kulula ukubona ukuthi ama-penguin asemigomeni enobungane - uma ehlangana, anikina amakhanda ngapha nangapha, abingelele umngani. Ama-penguin aseCrested afuna ukwazi. Basondela ngokuzithandela kubathwebuli bezithombe nakwizazi zemvelo futhi bangahlasela nabantu, yize iphengwini elincane lingakwazi ukulimaza umuntu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umndeni wama-penguin aqhekekile
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngokulwa okubandakanya abesilisa. Amaphengwini amabili alwela insikazi, evula izimpiko zawo futhi ashayana ngamakhanda nangomlomo. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nokuklabalasa okukhulu. I-penguin enqobayo iculela owesifazane ingoma yemisindo ephansi, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhwelana kwenzeka. Indoda iyakha isidleke. Kakhulu iqukethe amatshe amancane angenawo amakhona acijile, ubuye adonse amagatsha lapho nakho konke akuthola endaweni. Amabhodlela, izikhwama neminye imfucuza kungatholakala lapho. Ngo-Okthoba, insikazi izalela amaqanda (imvamisa kukhona amabili, futhi iqanda elilodwa likhulu kunelesibili). Ngesikhathi sokubeka, insikazi ayidli, kanti eyeduna iletha ukudla kwayo.
Ngokuvamile, abesilisa nabesifazane baqandusela amaqanda ngokushintshana, futhi bayashintshana ekufukameleni okuhlala cishe inyanga. Amaphuphu avela ngokuphelele ahlala nobaba. Ubanikeza imfudumalo, kanti owesifazane uletha ukudla futhi azondle. Ngenyanga yokuqala amaphuphu ahlala noyise, bese eya enhlotsheni "yezinkulisa" - indawo lapho amachwane e-penguin anqwabelana khona futhi engaphansi kokugadwa ngabantu abadala. Lapho bachitha isikhathi size sivuthwe ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuthi amachwane eshiywe ukunakekelwa komphakathi, izinyoni ziqoqa amafutha. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba balungiselele i-molt ehlala ngaphansi nje kwenyanga. Sebeshintshe uboya babo, izinyoni ezindala ziya olwandle zichithe ubusika lapho, zilungiselela inkathi elandelayo yokukhwelana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-penguin aseCrested kwesinye isikhathi akha ama-pair wesikhathi eside.
Amaphengwini aphila iminyaka engaba yishumi, ekuthunjweni angaphila kuze kufike ku-15.
Izitha zemvelo zephengwini eliqhekekile
Isithombe: I-Great Crested Penguin
Ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ama-penguin cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo. Amaphengwini amaningi ase-crested ahlala eziqhingini eziqhelile, lapho kungekho khona umuntu ongazihlasela.
Emanzini, ama-penguin asengozini kwezinye izilwane ezidlayo:
- Izingwe zezingwe yizilwane ezidlayo ezisabekayo ezibamba ngokushesha amaphengwini emanzini futhi zingaba yingozi emhlabathini;
- Izimpawu zezinwele zase-Antarctic zingabulala ama-penguin aqhekekile, yize izimvu zamanzi ikakhulu zidla izinhlanzi;
- amabhubesi olwandle;
- imikhomo ebulalayo ibilokhu izingela zonke izinhlobo zama-penguin;
- abanye oshaka bayatholakala nasemaphenwini. Bangakwazi ukuzungeza iziqhingi lapho amaphengwini ehlala khona. Lapho inyoni ifuna ukudla, iya olwandle, noma ngabe kukhona umhlaseli eduze, ngenxa yalokho iba isisulu sayo ngokushesha.
Amachwane wamaphengwini aqhekekile asengozini enkulu. "Ama-nursery" awahlali egadwa ngabantu abadala, yingakho angahlaselwa ama-skuas ansundu nezinhlobo ezithile zamaqhubu. Zihlasela zombili amatshwele kanye ne-clutch yamaphengwini. Ama-penguin aseCrested akuzona izinyoni ezingenakuzivikela. Yize zingaphansi ngosayizi we-emperor kanye ne-king penguin, i-crested iyazivikela ngomona kakhulu yona kanye nenzalo yayo. Ziyakwazi ukuhlasela umhlaseli ngokusabalalisa amaphiko azo nokumemeza kakhulu. Umhlambi wamaphengwini amemezayo kungenzeka wethuse isitha, yingakho sihamba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani iphengwini elidumbile
Kanye ne-emperor, galapagos kanye ne-king penguin, i-crested nayo isongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili lalingelinhle kuma-penguin aqhekekile, ngoba abantu bababulala ngenkuthalo ngenxa yenyama kanye nenyama, futhi babamba nokuhlangana ngamaqanda. Izizathu zokunyamalala kwama-penguin aqhekekile namuhla zimi kanje - ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zezolimo, ezitholakala enhlanganweni nezindawo zamaphengwini aqavile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhishwa kwezimboni okuyingozi, okuthinta ubude bempilo namandla okuzala. Isizathu sesibili ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Kuze kube manje, kunombono wokuthi amafutha e-penguin anezindawo zokuphulukisa. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nakho kuyenzeka. Ama-penguin alahlekelwa yindawo yawo yokuhlala, egcwele izikhukhula ezintsha. Futhi, inani lezinhlanzi ne-shellfish, elifakiwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwamaphengwini, liyancipha. Ngenxa yokondleka okungazinzile kanye nezinguquko zesimo sezulu, ama-penguin aqala ukuzala kaningi - i-clutch eyodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nakho kuthinta, ikakhulukazi imfucuza yepulasitiki nemikhiqizo kawoyela. Yebo, ukubanjwa okukhulu kwezinhlanzi okufakiwe ekudleni kwama-penguin ase-crested kuthinta nezinombolo zazo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi inani eliphelele lamaphengwini angama-crested lingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu nesigamu samabhangqa, ama-subspecies amaningi asengozini. Inani labantu kulindeleke ukuthi lehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-70 eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo.
ICrested Penguin Conservation
Isithombe: I-Crested penguin evela eRed Book
Ama-subspecies asengozini afaka: amatshe, ama-thick-billed, amakhulu, i-Schlegel penguin, enezinwele zegolide. Ama-subspecies asengozini: enyakatho, enkulu enkulu. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, yize kunenqwaba yamaphengwini asembumbulu ngokujwayelekile, iqukethe ama-subspecies asengozini noma ama-subspecies abhekene nokuqothulwa. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona ne-Chatham Crested Penguin, eyaqothuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ukuya phansi kuyaqhubeka.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuphepha yilezi:
- ukuthuthwa kwamaphengwini ezindaweni ezivikelwe;
- ukondliwa okwenziwe ngama-penguin asendle;
- ukuzalanisa ama-penguin ekuthunjweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuzingela imikhomo ye-baleen kwandise inani le-krill, elizuzisa ezinye izinhlobo zama-penguin, kufaka phakathi ama-penguin ase-crested, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Ama-penguin aseCrested azwana kahle ema-zoo, azalela kalula lapho futhi akha ama-pair wesikhathi eside. Kuze kube manje, ama-zoo ayizindlela ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokulondoloza lolu hlobo.
Iphengwini elibunjiwe - okukhanyayo nokungajwayelekile. Ngenkathi behlala ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni, ososayensi sebevele bekhathazekile ngokuncipha kwabo. Inkinga yokulondolozwa kwalezi zinyoni eziphilayo futhi ezinesibindi ihlala ivulekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07/29/2019 ngo-21: 38
