Isikwele esivamile esindizayo, noma ingwejeje endizayo, noma ingwejeje endizayo (ama-Pteromys volans) iyigundane elincane lomndeni wesikwele kanye nesigaba semammalia. Njengamanje, ukuphela komuntu omele umndeni wakwaLeyagi otholakala ezweni lethu.
Incazelo yengwejeje endizayo
Namuhla, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa cishe ama-subspecies ayishumi amakhulu ama-squirrel ezindizayo, ahluke ngobuningi bombala woboya bawo, kodwa manje kuphela ayisishiyagalombili kuphela atholakala eRussia.
Ukubukeka
I-squirrel endizayo ekubukekeni kwayo ifana nesikwele esincane esijwayelekile, kepha ngobukhona phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva yesici esibanzi sesikhumba esiboshwe ngoboya - uhlobo "lwendwangu endizayo". Ulwelwesi olunjalo lusebenza njengeparachuti futhi lusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo njengendawo yokuthwala lapho igundane ligxuma. Ngaphambili, ulwelwesi olunjalo lusekelwa ngethambo elide nelicolekile elisuka esihlakaleni futhi licishe lilingane ngobukhulu nosayizi wengalo. Umsila wesilwane mude ngokwanele, umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umehluko omkhulu kwezinye izingwejeje ezindizayo ukuthi ingwejeje evamile endizayo ayinalo ulwelwesi olundizayo oluphakathi kwesisekelo somsila nemilenze yangemuva.
Ubungako besikwele esivamile ezindizayo esivamile sincane impela. Ubude obude bomzimba buyahluka phakathi kuka-12.0-22.8 cm nobude besamba sonke somsila obungu-11-13 cm.Ubude bonyawo lwesikwele esijwayelekile endizayo abudluli ku-3.0-3.9 cm.Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala singafinyelela ku-160- 170 g I-squirrel endizayo inekhanda eliyindilinga nelibumbeke kahle, kanye namehlo amakhulu futhi avelele, amnyama, ngenxa yempilo yasebusuku noma yokuhwalala... Izindlebe ziyindilinga, ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu. Zonke izitho zommeleli womndeni omncane weFlying Squirrel zimfishane, kepha izitho zangemuva zihlala zide ngokwedlula kunezangaphambili. Izipho zifushane, zigobile ngokuqinile, zibukhali kakhulu futhi ziyaqina.
Isembozo soboya besikwele esindizayo siwugqinsi futhi sithambile, sibizwa njengosilika. Uboya besilwane sasendle esinjalo buthambile kakhulu futhi bukhulu kakhulu kunobo besiqubu esijwayelekile. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inemibala ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imvamisa lapho kukhona i-ocher noma ithinti elinsundu kancane. Ngaphansi komzimba wengwejeje endizayo kumhlophe, kunokuqhakaza okuyisici. Kukhona irimu emnyama ezungeze amehlo. Umsila ucwebezela kakhulu, ulula ngokusobala kunomzimba, unezinwele "ezinekamu" elincane ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Ijazi lasebusika licwebezela ikakhulukazi, ngemibala ehlukahlukene yombala ompunga. Izingwejeje ezindizayo zichitha kabili ngonyaka.
Indlela yokuphila ye-squirrel
Igundane lezilwane ezincelisayo elivela emndenini weSquirrel liyasebenza unyaka wonke futhi lihola impilo yasebusuku noma yokuphila ngokweqile. Ukuncelisa inzalo yabesifazane abanezilwane ezincane nakho kungavela ngesikhathi sasemini. Izingwejeje ezindizayo zichitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sazo zifuna ukudla. Isikwele esivamile esindizayo sakha isidleke saso emihosheni yezihlahla, futhi sisebenzisa imigodi yokwakha izidleke zezinkuni noma izidleke zesikwele ezindala ngale njongo. Ngesinye isikhathi, isidleke se-squirrel esindizayo singatholakala emgodini onamadwala noma endaweni eseduze lapho kuhlala khona abantu, kufaka phakathi izindlu zezinyoni.
Izidleke zezingwejeje ezindizayo ziyindilinga, zigoqiwe kusetshenziswa ubulembu obuthambile nobulembu, kanye namakhambi omile. Esidlekeni, ingwejeje endizayo ivame ukuhlala ngambili ngazimbili zabantu abadala, okuchazwa ukungabi nolaka ngokuphelele nobudlelwano obuphelele bezilwane zasendle ezinjalo. Isilwane esincelisayo asinazo izindawo ezihlukile zomuntu ngamunye, kepha sibonakala ngemizila yokudla nokujwayela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingwejeje esifazane endizayo esindayo inolaka kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukuvikela isidleke sayo ezilwaneni eziyizingela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuba khona kwengwejeje endizayo kungafakazelwa "ngamathoyilethi" akhethekile ngesimo sezinqwaba zodoti, esifana namaqanda entuthwane anombala ophuzi ogqamile.
Kanye nezikwele ezijwayelekile, izingwejeje ezindizayo zichitha ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yazo ngqo ezihlahleni, futhi kuyaqabukela kwehlele ebusweni bomhlaba.... Ulwelwesi lwesikhumba oluphakathi kwemilenze yangemuva nangaphambili luvumela isilwane ukuba sishebe kalula sisuka esihlahleni esisodwa siye kwesinye, ngokushesha sihlanganisa ibanga elingamamitha angama-50-60. Ngokugxuma, izingwejeje ezindizayo zikhuphukela phezulu esihlahleni. Ngenkathi yezindiza, isilwane esincelisayo sisakazeka izingalo zaso zibanzi kakhulu, bese sicindezela izitho zangemuva engxenyeni yomsila, ngenxa yokuthi kwakheka isici "sesonxantathu esingunxantathu" sesikwele esindizayo. Ngokushintsha ukungezwani kolwelwesi, izingwejeje ezindizayo zihamba kalula nangendlela efanele, ziguqula indlela ezihamba ngayo ngo-90 °. Isigaba somsila sivame ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ukubhuleka.
Ukuhlala esiqwini somuthi kuvame ukwenziwa yisikwele esindizayo ngohlobo oluthile lwethange, okokuqala sithathe ukuma okuqondile futhi sinamathele kuzo zonke izidladla zaso. Ngemuva kokufika, isilwane ngokushesha siye kolunye uhlangothi lwesihlahla, okwenza kube lula ukuvika izinyoni ezizingelayo ezifuna inyamazane. Phakathi kokunye, izingwejeje ezindizayo zihamba ngobuhlakani futhi zisheshe zikhuphuke iziqu futhi zeqe zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, okwenza kube nzima ukubona igundane elinjalo ehlathini.
Umbala ovikelayo woboya unikela ekuvikeleni, okusiza ingwejezi endizayo ukuhlangana nesihlahla. Kuthi kusihlwa, kuzwakale izwi lesikwele esindizayo, esifana nokutshiyoza okuphansi hhayi okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, umsebenzi wezingweje ezindizayo wehla kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izinsalela ze-squirrel ezindizayo ezindizayo noma i-squirrel endizayo zaziwa kusukela esikhathini seMiocene. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe se- "parachutist encane" endle sihlala cishe iminyaka emine kuya kweyisithupha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekuthunjweni, isilwane esincelisayo singaphila isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele, cishe iminyaka eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nambili.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izingwejeje ezindizayo zihlala ezindaweni ezindala zamahlathi ezixubekile nezinamaqabunga ezinokuxubana kwama-aspens, futhi zizizwa zizinhle nakumahlathi e-birch noma e-alder... Ensimini yengxenye yaseYurophu yezwe lethu, bakhetha ukugcina eceleni kwamaxhaphozi noma imifula lapho kukhona amasimu e-alder emabhange. Ku-conifers, izingwejeje ezindizayo azivamile.
Ensimini yaseSiberia, ingwejeje evamile endizayo noma ingwejeje endizayo ivame ukuhlala ezitshalweni ezinde ze-larch, nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi asentshonalanga ye-Siberia, ikhetha amahlathi eribhoni noma ama-birch outliers. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, isilwane esincelisayo sinamathela endaweni yezimila ezigcwele izikhukhula. Ingatholakala futhi ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba, kodwa kuphela emahlathini aphezulu.
Ukudla kwamaprotheni ezindizayo
Isisekelo sokudla kwamaprotheni endizayo simelelwa ngamahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni ezilukhuni, kanye neziqongo zamahlumela, izinaliti ezincane kanye nembewu yama-conifers, kufaka phakathi i-larch kanye nephayini. Ehlobo, izilwane ezincelisayo zidla amajikijolo namakhowe. Kwesinye isikhathi izingwejeje ezindizayo zidla amagxolo amancane nomancane omnyezane noma i-aspen, i-birch ne-maple.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isilwane esincelisayo asihlali ebusika, kodwa ngezinsuku ezibandayo kakhulu sihlala ngaphakathi esidlekeni, sondla kokudla okwenzelwe ubusika.
Ukudla okuyinhloko "ngamacici" e-alder noma i-birch, agcinwa ngaphakathi komgodi njengezinqolobane zasebusika. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ingwejeje evamile endizayo ikwazi ngisho nokudla amatshwele asanda kuzalwa, kanye namaqanda ezinyoni, kepha indlela yokudla yehluka kakhulu kuye ngezici eziyisisekelo zendawo yokuhlala.
Izitha zemvelo
Izilwane ezinhle kakhulu nezincane endaweni yazo yemvelo zisongelwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-squirrel endizayo, impela, inamandla kakhulu, ayihlali ikwazi ukugwema ukulandela izitha zemvelo. Ama-Lynxes nama-weasel, kanye nama-martens, ama-ferrets, i-saltwort kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi i-falcon nesikhova, ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-squirrel evamile endizayo, noma i-flying squirrel.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-squirrel endizayo akufundwanga kahle, ngenxa yokufihla kwesilwane nendlela yaso yokuphila ebusuku kakhulu. Insikazi yesikwele esivamile endizayo izala amawundlu amabili kuya kwamane kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha cishe inyanga eyodwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kokubona, kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, i-squirrel evamile endizayo ikwazi ukuhlela kahle ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, ishintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni kwabantu abadala futhi ikwazi ukuzimela.
Ama-broods okuqala ama-squirrels ezindizayo avela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, okwesibili - eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Izingwejeje ezindizayo ezisanda kuzalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi zinqunu ngokuphelele, azimboziwe izinwele. Izingwejeje ezindizayo zibona kuphela lapho zinamasonto amabili kuphela, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, zishiye isidleke sabazali.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliphelele le-squirrel esivamile esindizayo lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuzingela ummeleli ongajwayelekile we-Flying Squirrel subfamily kanye nohlobo lwama-squirrels ezindizayo e-Eurasia okwamanje kunqunyelwe. Uboya besilwane esincelisayo njengesikwele esivamile esindizayo singaphansi kwesigaba segugu elinganele Noma ngabe kukhanga kwangaphandle nokuthamba kwesembozo soboya, inenyama encane kakhulu futhi entekenteke ngokuphelele, engakucindezela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo.
Ekuthunjweni, izingwejeje ezindizayo zimila kahle kakhulu, ngoba igundane elinjalo lizodinga ukunikeza indawo eyanele yokundiza nokugxuma... Kodwa-ke, ukubanjwa kwabo ngenhloso yokubathengisa njengokungajwayelekile ekhaya kuthandwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo zezingwejezi ezindizayo njengamanje lincipha kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi amaprotheni ashintshashintshayo afakwa ohlwini kwiRed Book kwezinye izifunda, kufaka phakathi amakhasi eRed Book of the Republic of Tatarstan.
