Izimila ezincane, izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa yizici eziyinhloko zogwadule lwe-arctic. Indawo engajwayelekile idlulela ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni asenyakatho ye-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Izifunda ezineqhwa ziyatholakala naseziqhingini ze-Arctic Basin, ezisendaweni esezingeni le-polar geographic. Insimu yehlane lase-Arctic imbozwe kakhulu izingcezu zamatshe nemfucumfucu.
Incazelo
Ugwadule oluneqhwa lutholakala ebangeni eliphakeme le-Arctic. Ihlanganisa indawo enkulu futhi inweba ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha eqhwa neqhwa. Isimo sezulu esingesihle sibe yisizathu sezimila ezimbi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhona nabambalwa kakhulu abamele izilwane. Zimbalwa izilwane ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa namazinga okushisa aphansi, afinyelela ku -60 degrees ebusika. Ehlobo, isimo singcono kakhulu, kepha ama-degree awakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka- +3. Izulu lomkhathi ehlane lase-arctic alidluli kuma-400 mm. Ngenkathi efudumele, iqhwa liyancibilika, futhi inhlabathi imanziswa izingqimba zeqhwa.
Isimo sezulu esibuhlungu senza kube nzima ngezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuthi zihlale kulezi zifunda. Ikhava, equkethe iqhwa neqhwa, ihlala izinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Ubusuku be-polar buthathwa njengesikhathi esinzima kakhulu ehlane. Ingahlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya kuma-degree angama -40, kanye nemimoya yeziphepho engapheli, izivunguvungu ezinamandla. Yize kukhanya ehlobo, inhlabathi ayikwazi ukuncibilika ngoba kunokushisa okuncane kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sibonakala ngamafu, imvula neqhwa, inkungu obukhulu nokufundwa kwezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayi-0.
Izilwane zasogwadule
Indawo yezingwadule zase-Arctic zaseNyakatho Melika iyikhaya lesibalo esincane sezilwane. Lokhu kungenxa yohlaza olubi, okungaba umthombo wokudla wezilwane. Phakathi kwabamele abavelele bomhlaba wezilwane kukhona izimvu zamanzi, izimpisi ze-arctic, ama-lemmings, ama-walrus, ama-seals, amabhere we-polar kanye ne-reindeer.
Uphawu
Impisi yase-Arctic
Ukulimaza
UWalrus
Uphawu
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
I-Reindeer
Izikhova zase-Arctic, izinkabi zemiski, ama-guillemots, izimpungushe ze-arctic, ama-rose gulls, ama-eider kanye nama-puffin nawo aguqulelwa ezimeni ezinzima zezulu. Eqenjini lama-cetaceans (ama-narwhals, imikhomo yensimbi yomnsalo, amahlengethwa ase-polar / ama-beluga whales), izingwadule zase-arctic nazo ziyizimo zokuphila ezamukelekayo.
Inkabi yeMusk
Iyaphela indlela
Umkhomo we-Bowhead
Phakathi kwesibalo esincane sezilwane ezitholakala ezingwadule zase-Arctic eziseNyakatho Melika, izinyoni zibhekwa njengezithandwa kakhulu. Oqokelwe ukumela kahle i-rose gull, ekhula ize ifike kuma-cm 35. Isisindo sezinyoni sifinyelela kuma-250 g, babekezelela kalula ubusika obunzima futhi bahlala ngaphezu kobuso bolwandle obumbozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa ezikhukhulayo.
I-seagull yaseRose
AmaGuillemot ancamela ukuhlala emaweni aphakeme kakhulu futhi angazizwa engakhululekile phakathi kweqhwa.
Amadada aseNyakatho (ama-eider) agxumela emanzini aneqhwa ngokujula kwamamitha angama-20. Isikhova se-polar sithathwa njengenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke futhi enolaka kakhulu. Isidlakudla esibulawa ngesihluku ngamagundane, izilwane zezingane nezinye izinyoni.
Izitshalo zasogwadule lweqhwa
Abamele abaphambili bezimbali zezingwadule ezineqhwa yi-mosses, lichen, herbaceous plants (okusanhlamvu, hlwanyela amakhakhasi). Ngezinye izikhathi ezimweni ezinzima ungathola i-Alpine foxtail, i-arctic pike, i-buttercup, i-saxifrage yeqhwa, i-poppy polar namakhowe ahlukahlukene, amajikijolo (ama-cranberries, ama-lingonberries, ama-cloudberries).
I-Alpine foxtail
I-pike yase-Arctic
Ibhotela
Isithwathwa saxifrage
I-popar poppy
I-Cranberry
I-Lingonberry
I-Cloudberry
Sekukonke, izimbali zezingwadule zase-Arctic eziseNyakatho Melika azikho ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-350. Izimo ezinzima zinqanda inqubo yokwakheka kwenhlabathi, ngoba ngisho nasehlobo umhlaba awunaso isikhathi sokuncibilika. Futhi, ulwelwe luhlukaniswa ngeqembu elihlukile, okukhona kulo izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150.
