Omunye wabamele abagqamile bezilwane zasolwandle, okubangela imizwa engakholeki ngombala ogqamile, onamanzi, nombala - upholi ufishi... Uma ucabanga ngendalo enjalo, ujabuliswa yindlela imvelo "ehlekise ngayo" lesi sidalwa. Zithwetshulwa futhi zithwetshulwe ngoba zithathwa njengezinye zezakhamizi ezinhle kakhulu zezilwane zasolwandle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Parrot fish
Ososayensi bathola le nhlanzi ngo-1810 futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, benza ukutholakala kokuqala. Lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa ngokuthi yi-parrot noma i-skar. Basonta ekilasini lezinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-ray, i-oda - i-wrasse. Igama lesayensi lamazwe omhlaba le-parrotfish Scaridae. Ihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, emanzini afudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lingekho ngaphansi kwezinga -20 degrees.
Indawo ethandwa kakhulu yizinhlanzi yizixhobo zamakhorali. Banamathela eduze kwabo kuphela, njengoba bedla ukudla okusezinhlakeni zamakhorali. Akanolaka, ngisho nobungani obuncane. Umuntu angabhukuda naye ngokuthula ngokuphelele, futhi uzovumela ukuthi athathwe izithombe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zibhukuda kancane kakhulu, kuyintokozo ukuzishutha ekhamera.
Kodwa kunezikhathi lapho i-diver ingaziphathi kahle futhi ingabamba "upholi". Inhlanzi esabekayo izolimala ngokuluma ngamazinyo ayo anamandla aqinile njengensimbi noma ngokushaya ngomsila wayo. Futhi ngenxa yobungani bale nhlanzi, ngeke kusale umkhondo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Parrot Fishwater Fish
Le nhlanzi yazitholela igama layo ngenxa yomlomo wayo, ofana nomlomo kopholi - hhayi umlomo ohoqekayo neziqhumane ezifakwe emihlathini. Ubungako bomuntu omdala busuka ku-20 cm kuye ku-50 cm, kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwezinhlanzi, lapho ubukhulu bungaba bukhulu obuphindwe ka-2 - 2,5 (green pine cone - Bolbometopon muricatum). Ubude bayo bungafinyelela ku-130 cm nesisindo esifinyelela ku-40 kg.
Umbala wangaphandle yimibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, oluhlaza okotshani, enezici zamabala abomvu, aphuzi, awolintshi. Imibala yezinhlanzi ihluke kakhulu: ungathola izinhlanzi eziluhlaza okotshani noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, noma zingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene ngokuphelele. Noma i-tricolor, okuningi kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lohlobo lwazo, nokuthi zihlala kuphi.
Ividiyo: Parrot Fish
Isiphongo esinamandla, umzimba we-fusiform, namaphiko amaningi asebenzayo. Amaphiko ezinhlanzi asepectoral athuthukile kakhulu, kepha uma kunesidingo sokuthatha isivinini, ubalekela izidlo, khona-ke i-fin - umsila uvuleka ngokushesha emsebenzini. Amehlo anezinwele ze-orange ezitholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Umhlathi wenziwe ngamapuleti amabili, aqukethe amasethi wamazinyo amabili. Ahlanganisiwe futhi avumela "upholi" ukuthi akhuhle ukudla okuvela kumakhorali, kuthi amazinyo asebusweni angaphakathi akuqede. “Amazinyo akhiwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo - i-fluoropatin. Ingesinye sezinto eziphilayo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezinzima kunegolide, ithusi noma isiliva futhi yenza umhlathi ube namandla. ”
I-dorsal fin inezinsipho eziyi-9 nemisebe ethambile eyi-10. Umsila we-11-ray. Izikali zikhulu, zinama-cycloidal. Futhi kunama-vertebrae angama-25 emgogodleni.
Ihlala kuphi le nhlanzi yopholi?
Isithombe: I-Fish parrot male
Izindawo zokuhlala izinhlanzi "ezimibalabala" - imifula engajulile yolwandle iPacific, i-Indian kanye ne-Atlantic, kanye neMedithera, iCaribbean nolwandle olubomvu. Ungathola zombili izinhlanzi ezingashadile namaqembu amancane ebhukuda ekujuleni okujulile, cishe amamitha amabili kuya kwangu-20.
Inhlanzi ngayinye inendawo yayo ehlukile, evikela yona. Ngakho-ke, lapho bebuthana ngemihlambi emincane esigabeni sabo sedamu, baxosha noma ngubani ongamazi ongenela ezintweni zabo. Lo mzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu kubo, ngoba "endlini" yabo bacasha ebusuku kwezinye izilwane zasolwandle eziyingozi.
Ukutshuza ngokuhlukahlukene kubabona kaningi eduze nemifula yamakhorali ngoba kuyindawo eyintandokazi. Abatshuzi bayaziqopha bese bezithwebula. Lezi zinhlanzi zibhukuda kancane, okuzinikela kahle kakhulu ekuqopheni ifilimu. Bangabonakala emini kuphela, njengoba ebusuku izinhlanzi zicasha "ezindlini" zazo.
Ngeshwa, izinhlanzi ezinjalo azikwazi ukugcinwa ekhaya. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithile samazinyo, esidinga i-biomaterial ekhethekile yokugaya amazinyo. Futhi lawa angaba ngamakhorali kuphela enza amadwala, abantu abakwazi ukuwanikeza ukudoba njalo.
Ukuphela kwezindawo ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuntywila lapho ungabona futhi ubuke khona le nhlanzi eseduze kunama-aquariums amakhulu. Lapho zinikezwa konke okudingekayo ukuze izinhlanzi zizizwe zisendaweni yazo. Futhi noma ngubani angabona ubuhle obunjalo eduze.
Idliwa yini inhlanzi yopholi?
Isithombe: Fish Blue Parrot
Upholi wezinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezidla utshani. Ama-coral polyps nama-algae akhethwa njengezitsha eziyinhloko. Bakhuqa ulwelwe oluncane emagatsheni ama-coral afile, bese izingcezu ezincane zamakhorali namatshe ziwela kanye nohlaza esiswini. Kepha lokhu kulungele nezinhlanzi, ngoba kuthuthukisa ukugaya. Ngemuva kokugaya izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle, izinhlanzi zizikhipha ngesimo sesihlabathi, esihlala phansi olwandle.
Izinhlanzi zopholi zisindisa amakhorali ekufeni nasekucineni, ngenxa yokuthi ziklwebha ulwelwe oluncane ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, futhi zidle nezikelemu ezibolile, izimvukuzane, izitshalo, izipanji, njll. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-bioerosion. Ngenxa yalokhu, babizwa ngokuthi ama-coral reef oda.
Bathanda ukudla emachibini. Yilapho kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi ezithandayo zokuphatha izinhlanzi. Bazama ukufika lapho emanzini amakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-parrotfish, zazo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-90, zondla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-molluscs nezinye izilwane ze-benthic ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Parrot fish
Impilo yezinhlanzi ikakhulu iyodwa. Uzama ukuba sendaweni yakhe "eyakhe", engekude nendawo yakhe yokukhosela, ukuze acashe endlini yakhe uma kunengozi. Izindawo ezinjalo zitholakala eduze nemihosha yamakhorali, imihume. Futhi ayishiyi indawo ehlala kuyo, ngoba konke ukudla okuyinhloko kusezixhotsheni zamakhorali.
Ngokushesha lapho kuhwalala, i-parrotfish ephuma emlonyeni ikhipha amafinyila azungeze wona, akha ifilimu ekhethekile yokuvikela. Lokhu kuvikela kuvimbela iphunga elisuka ezinhlanzini ukuthi lingasabalali kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela ebusuku zisebenzisa umuzwa wazo wokuhogela. Le ndlela ibuye isize ukupholisa amanxeba avela enhlanzini evela ezixhotsheni, ngoba i-mucus inomphumela wokubulala amagciwane.
Ngenqubo enjalo, inhlanzi ichitha kuze kufike ku-4% wawo wonke amandla ayo, usuku lonke. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo akuvumeli ukuthi kusondele ezinye izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi, njengama-isopods, avela emaqenjini ama-crustacean. Ekujikelezeni kwamanzi emfantwini, inhlanzi ishiya izimbobo ezinhlangothini zombili ezivumela amanzi ukuthi adlule ngokukhululeka. Lapho kuqala ukuntwela kokusa, udla le filimu ngamazinyo akhe abukhali, futhi ayofuna ukudla.
Isici esithandekayo - i-parrotfish eyodwa ingakhiqiza kufika ku-90 kilograms yesihlabathi minyaka yonke, ngenxa yokudla kwayo okungajwayelekile. " Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amatshe nezicucu zamakhorali, angena ekudleni kanye nolwelwe, aphuma kuwo ngesimo sesihlabathi esichoboziwe. Isihlabathi esibucayi nesicoleke kanjena singatholakala ogwini lolwandle lapho kuhlala khona upholi wezinhlanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: upholi wezinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi zopholi zibuthana emihlambini. Umhlambi uzoba nowesilisa oyedwa noma ababili abavelele nabesifazane abaningana. "Kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi owesilisa akekho emhlambini, bese kufika isikhathi lapho insikazi eyodwa, imvamisa endala emhlambini, kufanele ishintshe ubulili - ibe yi-hermaphrodite."
Inqubo yokuguqulwa kocansi yenzeka emasontweni ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, i-parrotfish iba yi-hermaphrodite. AmaHermaphrodites ngabantu abakwaziyo ukukhulisa amaqanda nesidoda. Inqubo enjalo ingenzeka ezinhlanzini kukho konke ukuphila kwabo - amahlandla amaningi. Ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa - imabula. Lolu hlobo aluguquli ubulili balo.
Ngemuva kokuzala, amaqanda avundiswa owesilisa, bese ethwalwa ngumsinga aya emadamini. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda kwenzeka emini, kuvela gazinga, lapho kuphephe kakhulu ekujuleni kwechibi. Yilapho izibungu zikhula khona bese zondla ngeplankton.
Njengoba ikhula isuka kwifry iye enhlanzini yabantu abadala, kudlula izigaba ezi-2-3, lapho ziguqula umbala wazo. Amafrywa anombala oqinile, anemigqa emincane kanye nama-specks. Kumuntu ongavuthiwe, imibala ebubende, ebomvu noma nsundu iyinhloko. Futhi umuntu omdala usevele uhlukaniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi. Kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, inhlanzi yopholi ingashintsha umbala wayo kaningi.
Ngokushesha nje lapho kuthosa kuvela izibungu, zithunyelwa kuma-coral polyps, lapho ulwelwe oluncane lusebenza njengokudla okuyinhloko. Baphinde bathole nendawo yokuhlala. Isikhathi sokuphila se-parrotfish endaweni engokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-9 kuye kweyi-11.
Izitha zemvelo zopholi fish
Isithombe: Inhlanzi yopholi olwandle
I-Parrot fish ayinakho ukukhishwa kagesi, ameva noma ubuthi. Usebenzisa amafinyila kuphela ukuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, enye yezindlela zokuvikela i-mucus, ayisebenzisi nje kuphela ebusuku, kodwa naphakathi nosuku uma kwenzeka ingozi. Futhi ingozi kuyo ingavela kumuntu obamba lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ngenxa yezimpawu zalo ezibalulekile, zokudla okunempilo nezakhiwo eziwusizo.
Lapho ubamba izinhlanzi ngamanethi, ngokushesha futhi ngobuningi uqala ukukhipha i-lubricant yayo, kepha, ngeshwa, le ndlela yokuvikela, lapho ibanjwa ngumuntu esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, ayisebenzi. Futhi kubantu, lo cocoon awuyingozi, kunalokho - unezinto eziningi eziwusizo namavithamini.
Izitha zingafaka futhi izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi kusuka ku-oda lama-crustaceans aphezulu - ama-isopods. Oshaka, ama-eel nabanye abazingeli basebusuku abafuna izinhlanzi zopholi ngomuzwa wabo wokuhogela. Ukuxosha abantu abangabazi ensimini yabo, i-parrotfish ihlangana eqenjini. Esebenzisa ukunyakaza okucijile namazinyo aqinile, uyabesabisa futhi abaxoshe emakhaya abo ngomhlambi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Fish parrot male
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi emndenini walezi zinhlanzi:
- Isigaxa sikapholi ophuzi - izinhlobo ezi-1. Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kg futhi ekhula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-130. Iphila ngokwesilinganiso esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-40, abantu besifazane nabesilisa badwetshwe ngombala ofanayo. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, bangabhinca ngamabunzi abo amakhulu.
- ICetoscarus - izinhlobo ezimbili: ICetoscarus ocellatus neCetoscarus bicolor. Zikhula ngobude obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90. Imibala egqamile kakhulu ngemibala enamanzi amaningi. Ama-hermaphrodites alandelanayo azalwa ngabesifazane, kodwa bese eshintsha ubulili bawo. Lolu hlobo lwatholakala ngo-1956.
- I-Chlorurus - izinhlobo eziyi-18.
- IHipposcarus - izinhlobo ezi-2.
- I-Scarus - izinhlobo ezingama-56. Ubukhulu bezinhlobo eziningi bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 - 70. Iningi lezinhlobo zihlala emanzini afudumele eGulf of Mexico naseCaribbean Islands. Yilapho isimo sezulu sihlala sifudumele khona, futhi imvelo yamadwala icebile ekudleni kokukhula nokuthuthuka kopholi.
- I-Calotomus (iCalotomas) - izinhlobo ezi-5.
- I-Cryptotomus - izinhlobo ezi-1.
- ILeptoscarus (Leptoscars) - 1 izinhlobo.
- I-Nicholsina (Nikolsiny) - izinhlobo ezi-2.
- I-Sparisoma (Sparisoma) - izinhlobo ezi-15.
Namuhla cishe izinhlobo ezingama-99 zezinhlanzi zopholi ziyaziwa ososayensi. Kepha ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezintsha akukakhanselwa, futhi kuzoshintsha kube ngcono noma kubi eminyakeni eyi-10-15. Izinguquko esimweni sezulu zingadala izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi, noma inani labantu lingancipha.
Inhlanzi yopholi yalabo abamele abahlala olwandle ukujabulisa nemibono yabo enemibala. Bahlomulisa amakhorali (ngokuwahlanza), abantu, ngokwakha izihlabathi esithanda ukuhamba kuzo. Basinikeza ithuba lokuthatha izithombe ezinhle futhi sibabaze nje. Le nhlanzi kufanelekile ukuyithanda, noma ngabe kufanele uvakashele i-aquarium.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.03.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 09/18/2019 ngo-21: 06
