Ingabe isilwane esikhanyayo singaba namazinyo afanayo nehlosi elinamazinyo anama-saber? Isilwane sezinyamazane zeMusk - omele inyamazane encane kunazo zonke enyakatho Nenkabazwe - enekhanda le-kangaroo namazinyo engwe. Amazinyo ezinyamazane ze-musk adlala indima efanayo nezimpondo zezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatin kusho "ukuthwala imiski".
Incazelo nezici
Inyamazane musk inyamazane kungokwe-oda lama-artiodactyls, umndeni uyinyamazane ye-musk. Usayizi omncane: ukuphakama ekubuneni kungamasentimitha angama-70 kuphela, ku-rump 80 cm, isisindo - 12-18 kilograms, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-cm 100. Amehlo azungezile kumlomo angajika abe yimigqa ekhanyayo.
Umbala unombala onsundu onsundu, amabala ansundu akhanyayo asakazeke ngokungahleliwe kuwo wonke umzimba, okwenza ucishe ungabonakali ehlozini phakathi kwezivunguvungu zomoya, izingqimba ezinamadwala kanye ne-taiga emnyama emnyama. Isisu simnyama mpunga noma nsundu ngombala; kwabesilisa, imivimbo emibili ekhanyayo yehla isuka entanyeni iye ezinyaweni zangaphambili, ingeza ukudlala kokukhanya nesithunzi, ikuncibilikise phakathi kwesihlahla sonwele noma somsedari. Ematholeni amancane, amabala akhanyayo, kwabesilisa cishe akabonakali.
Ijazi lokuqapha lingama-95 mm ubude; ebusika, ungqimba lomoya ngaphakathi kwezinwele luyakhula, lufudumele kahle emakhazeni. Kuhle ukuthi iqhwa alincibiliki ngaphansi kwesilwane esilele, kepha liyancibilika ngaphansi kwenyamazane ne-elk.
isici esiyinhloko izinyamazane ze-musk - musky indlala, okucishe kwamholela ekuqedeni ukunyamalala. Imfihlo eyomile ekhishiwe isetshenziswa ngumuthi waseChina kanye nemboni yamakha yaseFrance.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo zomndeni ziyehluka kuphela endaweni yazo:
- Izinyamazane zaseSiberia Indawo yokuhlala yaseSiberia ukusuka eYenisei kuya olwandle iPacific, emathafeni amakhulu, izintaba zezintaba, ithaiga emnyama engapheli, isiphephelo sezinyamazane siyanda;
- Sakhalin musk inyamazane ezicini zonke iyafana nalo lonke uhlobo lwayo, kuphela kubhekwa njengokuncane kakhulu emndenini;
- IHimalaya - ihlala e-Himalaya, ehlala ezindaweni zezifunda eziseduze;
- I-Red-bellied - ihlala ezifundeni zaseChina eziseduze neTibet;
- Inyamazane encane yemiski yaseBerezovsky, indawo yokuhlala - izifunda zaseVietnam naseChina;
- Okumnyama - kusatshalaliswa kusuka eChina kuya eNdiya, okutholakala eBhutan.
- Okumhlophe - umbala wayo kungenxa yokwephula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-melanin, okunikeza umbala wesici wejazi kanye nama-irises wamehlo. Kubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu kubantu bendawo ukubamba inyamazane emhlophe yama-musk, yize ezinye izizwe zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso seshwa.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-90% yabantu bonke bomhlaba ixazululwe phakathi kwezintaba-taiga izindawo zaseRussia:
- ISakha-Yakutia;
- I-Altai;
- ESiberia eseMpumalanga;
- Izifunda zaseMagadan nase-Amur;
- Izifunda ezinezintaba zaseSakhalin;
- Ama-Spurs wezintaba zaseSayan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala eKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Korea.
Ukubalekela ukuphishekelwa, inyamazane ye-musk idonsa amathrekhi njengonogwaja. Ukushiya ukujaha, kungaguqula ama-degree angama-90 ekuhambeni noma kume ngokushesha.
Musk deer uyaphila emahlathini amnyama e-coniferous, aqukethe isi-spruce, umsedari, umsayipuresi nezindawo ze-larch zetaiga. Uthanda izikhala ezigcwele izihlahla kanye nehlathi elikhulayo. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezishile ezivele seziqalile ukusimama; abahlala engxenyeni emaphakathi yezintaba, bekhethe izindawo ezinamadwala. Ukufakwa kwamatshe kuyizindawo zokuphephela nokuphumula.
Ubuningi bezinyamazane obulinganiselwa cishe kubantu abangu-30 kumahektha ayi-1000. ERussia, indawo yokuhlala yezinyamazane isendaweni ye-permafrost, isilwane sicasha emahlathini, izivunguvungu zomoya, abalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye. Izwela kakhulu futhi iyaqikelela, iwela ezingxenyeni zomzingeli ngesikhathi sesiphepho, lapho isilwane esinwabuzelayo singezwakali lapho kukhala umoya.
Ngokushesha, ngokuxhamazela, akakwazi ukugijima amabanga amade, ngakho-ke udida amathrekhi, efuna isiphephelo. Ukubalekela isitha, isilwane sihamba ezindleleni eziwumngcingo nasemakhoneni amatshe, singagxumela endaweni engamasentimitha ayi-10x15 kuphela bese sigcina ibhalansi kuso kuze kudlule ingozi.
Eqa ukusuka onqenqemeni eya emadwaleni, uhamba ezindleleni ezingamasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi. Izinselo zakhe zibanzile, okumvumela ukuthi angene endaweni lapho isilwane nomzingeli bengeke bafinyelele khona. Izitha zezinyamazane ze-wolverine, i-lynx, i-harza, ezizingela nomndeni wonke. Ngokusho kokubona kochwepheshe bezokuzingela izinyamazane ze-musk kuhola impilo yokuhlala, ukuthuthela kuphela ngesikhathi sokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okubandakanya ukuncipha kwenqolobane yokudla.
Isizathu sokunyamalala cishe ngokuphelele kwezinyamazane ze-musk silele esiswini sabo - izindlala zemisipha zitholakala eduze komsila. Ngemfihlo yabo, abesilisa bamaka izihlahla ngenkathi yesikhunta. Inhloso yemusk ukuheha abesifazane, kepha yona le musk ifakiwe cishe kumakhulu amathathu amalungiselelo omuthi waseChina. Izindleko zemithi ziphezulu kakhulu, kungenxa yalezi zindlala abazingeli abasazingela izilwane.
Ukubuyisa usayizi wesibalo sabantu, amaSaphin subspecies izinyamazane ze-musk okubalwe ku- Okubomvu incwadi. Inombolo yamanye ama-subspecies amabili incane kakhulu. Ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi esikhungweni sezimboni, ukuyishisa ukuze kunwetshwe indawo elinyiwe, kubeka isilwane engcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Izikhungo Zokulondolozwa Kwezilwane Zasendle ziheha izinhlangano zomphakathi ukusiza ukulondolozwa kohlobo. Namuhla inani labo eRussia liyizinkulungwane eziyi-120-125. Kukhishwa amalayisense wokuzingela ayi-1 500, futhi abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bayaqhubeka nokuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Amazinyo ezinyamazane ze-musk, amasentimitha ayi-11 ubude, aqubule izinganekwane eziningi. Omunye wabo uthi i-vampire eyikhulu izulazula ehlathini, eyondla inyama yomuntu. Vele, konke lokhu ukuqagela okungenasisekelo.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane kuqukethe ubulembu besihlahla nobulembu. Kudliwa amahlumela amancane ezihlahla ze-coniferous. Ukucaciswa kokudla kuphakamisa impilo phakathi kokushaywa ngumoya, izihlahla eziphukile, izindawo ezinomswakama nezinamatshe lapho kukhula khona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zobulembu basemhlabeni
- Izinyamazane cladonia;
- Inkanyezi i-cladonia;
- Iqhwa le-cetraria
- UMarhantia.
Ebusika, lapho kuba nzima ukuthola ukudla, amagatsha e-aspen, alder, ne-willow izihlahla asebenza njengokudla. IHorsetail, irenki, isikhunta somlilo nezinye izitshalo zasendaweni ezibulala amakhambi zizokwenza ehlobo. Amantongomane kaphayini, amagxolo emithi amancane afakiwe ekudleni ebusika nasekwindla. Isikhathi sasebusika, ngenxa yamakhava aphakeme eqhwa, sibonakala ngokudla okungekuhle, okubandakanya ubulembu obembiwe namagxolo. Izinyamazane ziya ezikhothweni zikasawoti.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngeminyaka emithathu ubudala, abesilisa baba nezimpondo, ukwanda kwe-musk gland kuyanda, okubeka ngawo izihlahla, ukuheha abesifazane. Abantu bahlala ngokwehlukana noma ngamaqembu amancane, bahlangana ngesikhathi sobudlova, lapho owesilisa eziqoqela umhlambi wezinsikazi. Lapha kuvele ukusebenza okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile: abafakizicelo baqala ukulwela ukutholwa kwabesifazane, bezilimaza ngamazinyo abo.
Izimbangi zithatha ukubukeka okunjengempi, uboya obungemuva bufakiwe, okubukeka kukhulisa usayizi wazo. Ngokuvamile, abaphikisi bahlakazeka ngokuthula, kodwa kunezimpi ezinamandla. Bejatshuliswa yiphunga lenyamazane, abesilisa bashayana ngezinselo zabo, basebenzise amazinyo abo, bebafaka emhlane noma entanyeni. Kwesinye isikhathi amanxeba aba namandla kangangokuba owesilisa onqotshiwe ahambe ayofa.
Isakhiwo somzimba wezilwane singajwayelekile: imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili, njengokungathi ingunogwaja. I-sacrum iphezulu kunangaphambili, okudala ukuphazamiseka lapho kukhwelana, uDon Juan umboza le ntokazi ngenkathi isebenza.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, imvamisa ama-1-2 amazinyane kudoti ngamunye. Isikhathi esithile, izinyamazane ze-musk azibalekeli umama wazo - uzifihla izingane endaweni yokuhlala, zivikelekile emehlweni abukhali. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila eyimfihlo yezilwane, ubude bokuba khona kwamahhala bunqunywa ngokunganembile: cishe iminyaka emihlanu, ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka eyi-10-14.
Ukuzingela izinyamazane ze-musk
Izinyamazane ze-musk ziyadotshwa ezindleleni ezihamba kahle. Ngokubeka izingibe ezenziwe ngendophi ezindaweni zokudlula, abazingeli benza ama-decoys enza umsindo ofana nokukhala kwenyamazane ye-musk. Hhayi owesifazane kuphela, kodwa futhi owesilisa uya kumsindo onjalo.
Amaluphu abamba kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane, izilwane ezincane ezinezindlala ezingavuthiwe ziyahlangana. Cishe njalo, isilwane esibanjiwe siyafa, futhi abantu abasha abanikeli ngemiski ephelele, bafe ngeze.
Abazingeli be-taiga ukuzingela izinyamazane ze-musk imvamisa ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza imali. Intengo ye-jet yaseRussia ingama-ruble ayi-680 ngegremu, iChina ikhokha okuningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuzingela ukuzingela.
Kusuka kowesilisa omdala, kutholakala amagremu ayi-15-20 womkhiqizo omisiwe, ngakho-ke uhlangothi lokuziphatha luyalahlwa. Izinyamazane zaseMongolia ziqothulwe cishe, futhi iChina yethule ukuvinjelwa okuphelele ekuzingeleni izinyamazane.
Ukuzalela kwezinyamazane emapulazini
Emakethe yaseRussia, ekhiqiza cishe yonke imiski yomhlaba, i-musk deer jet ayifuneki.
I-musk deer jet yisona sizathu kuphela sokudoba kwayo. Ingxenye yenyama incane, ngakho azikhuliswa ngokwemboni.
Musk musk emayini ngokubulala isilwane nokusika indlala. UMarco Polo ubalula ngaye kumadayari akhe, udokotela odumile u-Avicenna wasebenzisa imfihlo yendlala ekwelapheni izifo. Osokhemisi baseChina bangezela emithini yokwengeza amandla, kusuka ekunciphiseni, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 zemithi. Ephakathi, i-musk yayisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuvimbela isifo nesifo sohudo. Ababusi baseChina banikeza izindonga iphunga elimnandi le-musky.
Imboni yamakha iyisebenzisa njengesilungisi sephunga. Imisipha yemvelo ingezwa kuphela kumakha abizayo aseFrance, okusele kuhlanjululwe nge-analogue yokufakelwa. Kuyacaca ukuthi isidingo semusk siphezulu kakhulu. Kepha awukwazi ukuzibulala zonke izilwane!
Okokuthola ama-jets wezinyamazane ze-musk bebelokhu bezama ukuyikhulisa kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Amapulazi aseFrance nawesiNgisi awazange aphumelele. I-Altai Nature Reserve yaqala ukuzala ngaphambi kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kwatholakala imiphumela emihle: izilwane zaqala ukuzala, inzalo yakhuliselwa esizukulwaneni sesikhombisa. Sekukonke, kwazalwa izinyamazane ezingama-musk ezingama-200, bese iphrojekthi ikhanseliwe.
Manje eRussia bakhuliswa ngamapulazi amabili: esifundeni saseMoscow - isisekelo "Chernogolovka", ngaphansi kobuholi bukaPrikhodko V.I. E-Altai Ecosfera Rare Animal Population Support Center.
Isikhungo sizibekela umgomo wokungagcini nje ngokubamba indiza, kodwa futhi nokugcwalisa inani le-taiga, ngethemba lokulungiselela ukukhululwa okuphelele kwezilwane emvelweni.
Lesi sikhungo siqukethe imfuyo yezinja evulekile enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaM. Chechushkov, ngosizo lweRussia Geographical Society kanye nomphakathi wezemidlalo "iDynamo". Bakwazile ukusungula isisekelo esibi, lapho kutholakala khona izivalo ezihlukile kuzo zonke ezinye amapulazi ezinyamazane ze-musk.
Lesi sigaba sibiyelwe nge-taiga ejwayelekile emthambekeni onamadwala osenyakatho. Izinto zokwakha zilethwa ngesandla noma ngezithuthuthu ukugcina indawo yemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubunzima obukhulu bokuzalisa izinyamazane ze-musk buhlotshaniswa nemvelo engafundwanga ngokwanele kanye nokuziphatha kwezilwane. Ukuze uthole izindlu, udinga ihlathi elimnyama le-coniferous, izihlahla ezide, izihlahla eziwile lapho kukhula khona ubulembu no-lichen. Amagciwane ahlala kuzo adingeka kakhulu ezinganeni ukwakha umgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Izinyamazane ze-musk zihlala zodwa, ngokunakekelwa kwepulazi zidinga indawo engamahektha ayi-0.5. Izimbaza zinamahloni kakhulu, zibona umuntu ebaleka ngejubane eligcwele, uma indawo ebiyelwe incane, bazogqekeza uthango. Izindawo ezinamthunzi ziyadingeka ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka. Ukuhlangana kwezilwane ezisencane kusongela ngokufa okuphezulu kwabesilisa ngenxa yokulwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwendawo.
Ukudla epulazini kuqukethe ubulembu, okusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino, hay ehlobo. I-musk ekhiqizwayo iyikhisi. Indlela yokukhipha okuqukethwe yindlala ngokukhama esikhwameni ilimaza ulwelwesi, isaka liyaqhuma - uketshezi luyayeka ukukhiqiza imiski.
Indlela yesimanje ifaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwemfihlo yendlala, ukuyikhipha ngembobo encane. Indoda idunyiswa imizuzu engama-40, i-curette ekhethekile - u-4-5 mm ububanzi - ifakwe ngokucophelela emgodini, ithola amafinyila ayigugu. Izinyamazane zivuka emahoreni ambalwa, ukukhetha okulandelayo kwenziwa ngonyaka.
Umthamo wesikhathi esisodwa se-musk owomile ungama-5-11 amagremu, isikhathi esihle sokuqoqa ukuphela kuka-Agasti, lapho uketshezi luyeka ukusebenza futhi amafinyela aqala ukoma. Abalimi baseChina babeke ukukhethwa kwemusk ekusakazeni. Inzalo esezingeni eliphezulu seyikhethiwe emapulazini abo. I-India ne-Saudi Arabia nazo zizalise ngempumelelo inyamazane ye-musk ye-musk.
