Izimpungushe, noma, njengoba zibizwa nangokuthi, izimpungushe, zingezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo, umndeni we-canine. Akumangazi, kepha kunezinhlobo ezingama-23 zalo mndeni. Yize ngaphandle zonke izimpungushe zifana kakhulu, nokho zinezici eziningi nokwehluka.
Izici ezijwayelekile zezimpungushe
Impungushe yisilwane esidla inyama nesifonyo esicijile, ikhanda elincane, elehlisiwe, izindlebe ezinkulu ezimile nomsila omude onezinwele ezinde. Impungushe yisilwane esingenakuzithoba, sithatha izimpande kahle kunoma iyiphi imvelo, izwakala kahle kuwo wonke amazwekazi ahlala umhlaba.
Ihola kakhulu ebusuku. Ukuze athole indawo yokuhlala nokuzalanisa, usebenzisa izimbobo noma izindawo eziphansi komhlaba, imifantu ephakathi kwamatshe. Ukudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala, amagundane amancane, izinyoni, amaqanda, inhlanzi, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, amajikijolo nezithelo kuyadliwa.
Hlukanisa amagatsha wezimpungushe
Ososayensi bahlukanisa phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu ahlukene wezimpungushe:
- Urucyon, noma izimpungushe ezimpunga;
- Ama-Vulpes, noma izimpungushe ezivamile;
- I-Dusicyon, noma izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika.
Izinhlobo zezimpungushe zegatsha laseVulpes
Igatsha lezimpungushe ezivamile lineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-4,5 ubudala, lihlanganisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo - 12, zingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ahlala emhlabeni. Isici sabo bonke abamele leli gatsha yizindlebe ezibukhali, ezingunxantathu, isifonyo esincane, ikhanda eliyisicaba, umsila omude nophaphathekile. Kukhona uphawu oluncane olumnyama ebhulohweni lempumulo, ukuphela komsila kuhlukile ohlelweni lombala jikelele.
Igatsha leVulpes lifaka lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Impungushe ebomvu (iVulpes vulpes)
Okuvamile kakhulu kwezinhlobo, esikhathini sethu kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi kuka-47 ezihlukene. Impungushe ejwayelekile isakazeke kuwo wonke amazwekazi; yalethwa e-Australia isuka eYurophu, lapho yaqala khona izimpande futhi yajwayela.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wale mpungushe inombala osawolintshi ogqamile, ogqwalile, osiliva noma ompunga, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe ngamamaki amancane amnyama esifubeni nasezidladleni, ibhulashi lomsila limhlophe. Umzimba ufinyelela kubude obungu-70-80 cm, umsila ungama-60-85 cm, kanti isisindo sawo singu-8-10 kg.
I-Bengal noma i-Indian fox (i-Vulpes bengalensis)
Izimpungushe zalesi sigaba zihlala ngobukhulu bePakistan, India, Nepal. Ama-steppes, ama-semi -hlane kanye namahlathi akhethwa impilo yonke. Ibhantshi lifushane, libomvu ngesihlabathi, imilenze ibomvu ngokubomvu, ichopho lomsila limnyama. Ubude bufinyelela ku-55-60 cm, umsila mncane - u-25-30 cm kuphela, isisindo - 2-3 kg.
Impungushe yaseNingizimu Afrika (Vulpes chama)
Uhlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika eZimbabwe nase-Angola, emaqeleni nasehlane. Ihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu wohhafu womzimba onomugqa osampunga osimpunga ogudle umgogodla, isisu nezidladla zimhlophe, umsila uphela ngentambo emnyama, akukho buso obumnyama esiqhumeni. Ubude - 40-50 cm, umsila - 30-40 cm, isisindo - 3-4.5 kg.
I-Korsak
Ohlala emaqeleni aseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi, eMongolia, e-Afghanistan naseManchuria. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kuma-60 cm, isisindo siyi-2-4 kg, umsila ufinyelela kuma-cm 35. Umbala ubomvu-santi ngenhla futhi umhlophe noma unesihlabathi esingezansi ngezansi, wehlukile kunempungushe ejwayelekile emathangeni abanzi.
Impungushe yaseTibetan
Ukuphila okuphezulu ezintabeni, emaqeleni aseNepal naseTibet. Isici sayo sobuntu yikhola elikhulu futhi eliwugqinsi loboya obukhulu futhi obufushane, isifonyo sikhulu futhi sikwele ngaphezulu. Ijazi limpunga elikhanyayo ezinhlangothini, libomvu ngemuva, umsila unebhulashi elimhlophe. Ubude bufinyelela ku-60-70 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-5.5 kg, umsila - 30-32 cm.
Impungushe yase-Afrika (iVulpes pallida)
Uhlala ezingwadule zasenyakatho ye-Afrika. Imilenze yale mpungushe mncane futhi yinde, ngenxa yalokho, ihambelana ngokuphelele nokuhamba esihlabathini. Umzimba mncane, u-40-45 cm, umbozwe izinwele ezimfishane ezibomvu, ikhanda lincane nezindlebe ezinkulu, ezikhonjiwe. Umsila - ufinyelela ku-30 cm ngomphetshana omnyama, awunalo uphawu olumnyama embusweni.
Impungushe yesihlabathi (Vulpes rueppellii)
Le fox ingatholakala eMorocco, eSomalia, eGibhithe, e-Afghanistan, eCameroon, eNigeria, eChad, eCongo, eSudan. Ikhetha izingwadule njengezindawo zokuhlala. Umbala woboya ulula - ubomvu okhanyayo, isihlabathi esikhanyayo, amamaki amnyama azungeze amehlo ngendlela yemigqa. Inemilenze emide nezindlebe ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuthi ilawula izinqubo zokushintshanisa ukushisa emzimbeni. Ubude bufinyelela ku-45-53 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-2 kg, umsila - 30-35 cm.
I-American Corsac (i-Vulpes velox)
Isakhamuzi samathafa namathafa asengxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Umbala wejazi ucebe ngokungavamile: unombala obomvu ngokubomvu, imilenze imnyama, umsila ungama-25-30 cm, ubumbeke kakhulu ngethiphu emnyama. Ubude bufinyelela ku-40-50 cm, isisindo - 2-3 kg.
Impungushe yase-Afghan (iVulpes cana)
Uhlala ezifundeni ezinezintaba zase-Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Iran, Israel. Osayizi bomzimba bancane - bufike ku-50 cm ubude, isisindo - kufika ku-3 kg. Umbala wejazi ubomvu ngokumnyama ngamamaki amnyama, ebusika iba namandla kakhulu - ngombala onsundu. Amathe amafolda awanazo izinwele, ngakho-ke isilwane sihamba kahle ezintabeni nasemithambekeni emikhulu.
UFox Fenech (Vulpes zerda)
Isakhamuzi sezingwadule eziyizigaxa zaseNyakatho Afrika. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngesifonyo esincane nangekhala elifushane elifushane. Ungumnikazi wezindlebe ezinkulu ezibekelwe eceleni. Umbala uphuzi okhilimu, intshakaza emsileni imnyama, isifonyo sikhanyayo. Isilwane esidla i-thermophilic kakhulu, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwamadigri angama-20, siqala ukubanda. Isisindo - kufika ku-1.5 kg, ubude - kufika ku-40 cm, umsila - kufika ku-30 cm.
Impungushe yase-Arctic noma impungushe esepolar (Vulpes (Alopex) lagopus)
Abanye ososayensi bathi lolu hlobo lubangelwa uhlobo lozimpungushe. Uhlala ezifundeni ze-tundra nase-polar. Umbala wezimpungushe zase-Arctic unezinhlobo ezimbili: "oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", empeleni onombala omhlophe osasiliva, oguquka ube nsundu ehlobo, bese kuthi "umhlophe", ojika ube nsundu ehlobo. Ubude besilwane bufinyelela ku-55 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-6 kg, uboya obunenhlonipho phansi, obukhulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zezimpungushe zegatsha i-Urocyon, noma izimpungushe eziGrey
Igatsha lezimpungushe ezimpunga lihlale emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha, ngaphandle zifana kakhulu nezimpungushe ezejwayelekile, yize bungekho ubudlelwane bezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwazo.
Leli gatsha lifaka izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Impungushe emhlophe (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Uhlala eNyakatho Melika nakwezinye izifunda zaseNingizimu. Ijazi linombala ompunga-osiliva onamamaki amancane wesikhumba ombala obomvu, izidladla zibomvu ngokubomvu. Umsila ufinyelela ku-45 cm, ubomvu futhi u-fluffy, eceleni konqenqema lwawo kukhona umugqa woboya obude obumnyama. Ubude be-fox bufinyelela ku-70 cm.Isisindo singu-3-7 kg.
Isiqhingi sesiqhingi (Urocyon littoralis)
IHabitat - Iziqhingi zaseCanal eduzane naseCalifornia. Kubhekwa njengenhlobo encane kunazo zonke ze-fox, ubude bomzimba abudluli u-50 cm nesisindo esingu-1.2-2.6 kg. Ukubukeka kuyefana nokwempungushe empunga, umehluko kuphela ukuthi izinambuzane kuphela ezisebenza njengokudla kwalolu hlobo.
Impungushe enamaqabunga amakhulu (Otocyon megalotis)
Kutholakala emaqeleni aseZambia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa. Umbala wejazi usukela ekubhemeni uye ekushiseni. Izidudla, izindlebe kanye nomugqa ngemuva kumnyama. Izitho mncane futhi zinde, zenzelwe ukugijima ngokushesha. Idla izinambuzane namagundane amancane. Isici saso esihlukile ngumhlathi obuthakathaka, inani lamazinyo emlonyeni lingu-46-50.
Izinhlobo zezimpungushe ze-Dusicyon (izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika)
Igatsha laseNingizimu Melika limelwe ngabamele abahlala endaweni yaseNingizimu neLatin America - leli igatsha elincane kunazo zonke, iminyaka yalo ayidluli iminyaka eyizigidi ezi-3, futhi abamele bayizihlobo eziseduze zezimpisi. Indawo - ENingizimu Melika. Umbala wejazi uvame ukumpunga ngokufakwa uphawu kwethani. Ikhanda lincane, ikhala lide, izindlebe zinkulu, umsila uyathambile.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwegatsha laseDusicyon
Impungushe ye-Andean (iDusicyon (Pseudalopex) culpaeus)
Ungumhlali wase-Andes. Kungaba ngamasentimitha angu-115 ubude futhi kube nesisindo esifinyelela ku-11 kg. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba iba mpunga-mnyama, eneziphetho ezimpunga, amazolo nesisu kubomvu. Kukhona intshakaza emnyama ekugcineni komsila.
Impungushe yaseNingizimu Melika (iDusicyon (Pseudalopex) griseus)
Uhlala emapampas aseRio Negro, eParaguay, eChile, e-Argentina. Ifinyelela kuma-65 cm, inesisindo esifinyelela ku-6.5 kg. Ngaphandle, ifana nempisi encane: ijazi limpunga-silvery-grey, izidladla zinesihlabathi esilula, isifonyo sikhonjisiwe, umsila mfushane, awuthambile kakhulu, futhi wehliswa lapho uhamba.
Impungushe ye-Sekuran (iDusicyon (Pseudalopex) sechurae)
Indawo ehlala kuyo izingwadule zasePeru nase-Ecuador. Ibhantshi limpunga ngokukhanyayo ngamathiphu amnyama ezincomeni, umsila ufuthwe ngethiphu emnyama. Ifinyelela ku-60-65 cm ubude, inesisindo esingu-5-6.5 kg, ubude bomsila - 23-25 cm.
Impungushe yaseBrazil (iDusicyon vetulus)
Umbala wale Brazilian uphawuleka impela: ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba imnyama-nsimbi emnyama, isisu nesifuba kushunqa-kuluhlaza, umugqa omnyama ugijima engxenyeni engenhla yomsila, uphela ngothiphu omnyama. Ibhantshi lifushane futhi liwugqinsi. Impumulo imfishane, ikhanda lincane.
Impungushe kaDarwin (iDusicyon fulvipes)
Kutholakala eChile naseChiloe Island. Kuyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa yingakho kuvikelwe eNauelbuta National Park. Umbala wejazi ngemuva uyimpunga, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ibisi. Umsila ungama-26 cm, ubumbekile ngebhulashi elimnyama, imilenze mifushane. Ubude bufinyelela ku-60 cm, isisindo - 1.5-2 kg.
I-Fox Maikong (Dusicyon thous)
Kuhlala ama-shrouds namahlathi aseNingizimu Melika, kakhulu njengempisi encane. Ijazi layo linombala onsundu ngokumpunga, ichopho lomsila limhlophe. Ikhanda lincane, ikhala lifushane, izindlebe zikhombe. Ifinyelela kuma-65-70 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-5-7 kg.
Impungushe enamaqabunga amafushane (iDusicyon (Atelocynus)
Empilweni ukhetha amahlathi ashisayo emachibini e-Amazon nase-Orinoco. Umbala webhatshi wale mpungushe ubunsundu ngokumpunga, nomthunzi okhanyayo engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba. Isici esihlukile yizindlebe ezimfushane, ezinesimo esiyindilinga. Imilenze imifushane, iguqulelwe ukuhamba phakathi kwezimila ezide, ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhamba kwayo kubonakala kuyisikhubekiso esincane. Umlomo mncane ngamazinyo amancane futhi abukhali.
