I-Xoloitzcuintli, noma i-Sholoitzquintli (i-Xolo noma i-Sholo) ingenye yezindala kunazo zonke, ngokusho kososayensi, izinhlobo zomhlaba. IMexico yaziwa njengezwe labamele lolu hlobo, lapho izinja ezinjalo namuhla ziyigugu nomcebo wezwe.
Umlando wozalo
Igama lohlobo "Sholoitzcuintli" livela egameni likankulunkulu "Sholotl" kanye negama elithi "Itscuintli", okusho ukuthi "inja yaphezulu"... Imvelaphi yalolu hlobo igxile kakhulu emlandweni waseMexico, lapho kutholakala khona izidumbu zezinja ezindaweni zokungcwaba zasendulo, kanye nezithombe zobumba - izithombe zeScholoitzcuintle. Abomdabu bakujabulela kakhulu ukunambitheka kwenyama yalezi zinja, futhi abamele uhlobo ngokwabo babebhekwa njengezithunywa zomhlaba zikankulunkulu uShololotl.
Umsebenzi omkhulu weScholoitzcuintle kwakuwukuphelezela imiphefumulo yabafileyo iye emasangweni okuphila kwangemva kokufa. Isithunywa sevangeli esidumile saseFranciscan, isazi semvelo kanye nomlando-mlando uBernardino de Sahagun unikeze incazelo eningiliziwe yabamele uhlobo lweScholoitzcuintle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, eMexico, kunezinja eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezingenazinwele ze-Sholo, futhi abamele bokuqala bohlobo balethwa emazweni e-USSR ngo-1986 bevela eCuba.
Ukunqoba kweSpain iMexico kwabonakala ngokuqothula iScholoitzcuintli, okwakuthiwa yizinto zokukhulekelwa kobuqaba. Ngokushesha okukhulu, iScholo yacishe yanyamalala ngokuphelele, kepha vele ngo-1954, uNorman Pel Wright wenza umzamo wokusindisa lolu hlobo. Kuze kube manje, uWright waya engxenyeni emaphakathi yeMexico, lapho ahambela khona izindawo ezikude kakhulu nezikhohliwe yimpucuko yamaNdiya. UNorman ukwazile ukuxoxisana ngezinja eziyishumi nambili zozalo lwamaNdiya.
Kwakungenzeka ukuthi kubuyiselwe abamele izinhlobo ezihlanzekile ngokushesha okwanele, ngakho-ke, sekuvele ngoMeyi 1956, inja enqunu yaseMexico yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni embukisweni eMexico, kwathi eminyakeni emine kamuva iMexicoan Cynological Federation yabhalisa iShoo engamashumi amane. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emihlanu, imfuyo yaseShoitzcuintle eMexico bese isivele inabantu abangahlanzekile abangamashumi amabili nesikhombisa.
Incazelo yeXoloitzcuintli
Isici esibalulekile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukungajwayelekile kohlobo lweSholo ukungabikho okuphelele noma okuphelele kwezinwele, kanye nesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu nesibushelelezi. Umzimba weScholoitzcuintle ubonakala ngokulingana, isifuba esithuthuke kahle nesifuba esibanzi, kanye nemilenze emide nomsila. Izinhlobo zethulwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili: izinja nezinja ezingenaboya zimbozwe ngoboya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhumba sikaSholo sibonakala sifudumele kunaleso sezinhlobo zoboya, okuchazwa ukubuya ngqo kokushisa, kanti izithukuthuku zikhishwa ngamaphakethe wezinambuzane nolwelwesi oluhlangene.
Amazinga okuzala
Ngokwesigaba se-FCI, uScholo ungoweqembu lesi-5, okubandakanya i-Spitz nezinja zakudala, ne-subgroup 6, efaka izinja ezindala ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokusebenza. Amasayizi amathathu ezinja amelwe wuhlobo kufanele abe nomusa futhi aqine, abe nemisipha, aboniswe ngokulingene futhi abe ngunxande.
Izindinganiso zokuvunyelwa ezivunyiwe:
- ugebhezi luqinile futhi lubanzi, lumise okwekhanda, luhle kodwa lubonakala kancane lubheke embotsheni yomlomo lapho lubhekwa ngaphezulu;
- ukuvuthwa kwe-occipital akubonakali kakhulu;
- imigqa yesifonyo neyokhakhayi icishe ifane nephrofayili;
- unyawo luchazwe kahle, kepha lukhanya;
- umbala we-lobe yekhala uhambelana nombala wenja;
- isifonyo siqonde kuphrofayli, sinesikwele futhi siqinile kakhulu emihlathini ephezulu naphansi;
- ulimi luvame ukubomvana, kepha ukumakwa okumnyama, imicu noma amabala kungenzeka abe khona;
- izindebe ziqinile futhi zomile;
- ama-incisors aguquka ngokuphelele ekulunyweni kwesikele, ama-incisors aphezulu ahlangana ngokuphelele aphansi;
- ngokuhlukahluka okungenazinwele, kukhethwa isethi ephelele yama-incisors;
- amathambo angathuthukisiwe kahle;
- amehlo asayizi aphakathi nendawo, amise okwenziwe nge-alimondi, enezwi elihlakaniphe kakhulu neliphapheme;
- umbala wamehlo uncike kumbala wesikhumba futhi ungaba mnyama, nsundu, hazel, amber noma ophuzi;
- izinkophe zinombala okahle, zimnyama, nsundu noma mpunga ezinjeni ezinombala omnyama, futhi ezibomvana noma ezinombala okhanyayo ezinjeni ezinemibala ekhanyayo;
- izindlebe zinkulu futhi zinde, ziyabonisa, ukuthungwa okumnandi, zinhle kakhulu futhi zikhumbuza izindlebe zamalulwane, isexwayiso, ukulingana;
- intamo ibekwe phezulu, bushelelezi futhi yomile, i-arched kancane, yinde ngokulingana, iyaguquguquka futhi mncane, yinhle kakhulu futhi inemisipha;
- isikhumba endaweni yentamo sinwebeka futhi siwugqinsi, silingana kahle, ngaphandle kwembethe;
- umzimba wokwakha oqinile, onolayini oqonde ngokuphelele futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, omfishane futhi oqinile, umqolo oqinile, izinkalo zemisipha;
- iphrofayili ye-croup igobile kancane, ngomthambeka ovundlile wama-degree angama-40;
- isifuba sobubanzi obuhle, hhayi ukuphuma, ukujula nokude, kwehlela phansi endololwaneni, ngezimbambo ezi-arched kancane nezingashiwongo;
- isisu esishubile futhi sifakwe ngokulingene, ngokudwebela okuhle;
- umsila uyathinta, mncane futhi mude, ukutholakala kwezicucu zezinwele ezihlukile kuvumelekile kubantu abanqunu nokumbozwa okugcwele ngoboya ezinjeni ezinoboya;
- amahlombe anemisipha futhi aqondile;
- Izindololwane ziqinile futhi ziqinile, eduze kwesifuba, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle;
- ama-pasterns aqinile futhi acishe afane nezidladla;
- izinsika zangaphambili zinobude obuphakathi nendawo, ezinezinzwane ezivaliwe ziqinile futhi zigobile, zinamapayipi aqinile futhi amelana kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo, kanye nolwelwesi lwama-interdigital olwenziwe kahle;
- imilenze yangemuva inamandla, iyisidumbu esithuthuke kahle futhi inamandla, enezinqe ezinemisipha kakhulu nejoyinti elihlangene lamadolo ngokulingene.
Inja kufanele ihambe ngokukhululeka, ngobuhle, ngemigqa emide futhi egqamile, kanti i-trot kufanele isheshe futhi ibushelelezi, ngesethi ephezulu yomsila nekhanda. Izinhlobonhlobo ezingenaboya zibonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezinwele, ezizwelayo ukuthintwa futhi zibushelelezi ekuthinteni. Isikhumba sabantu abanoboya buthambile, sigcwele ngokuphelele ngoboya.
Izinhlobo zeXolo noma iSholo zimelwe yile mibala elandelayo:
- mnyama;
- i-graphite;
- mpunga okhanyayo;
- mpunga omnyama;
- ikhanda elibomvu;
- isibindi;
- ithusi;
- inkunzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umehluko ngaphakathi kohlobo lokuzalwa, oluphakathi nolukhulu (okujwayelekile) uSholo noma iXolo, nangokobulili, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu ngabanye usesimweni somzimba: abesilisa bafushane kancane kunabesifazane.
Akunandaba umbala omkhulu, ubukhona bamabala anoma imuphi umbala, kufaka phakathi amamaki amhlophe, kuvunyelwe. Ubukhulu besilisa nezinsimbi zesigaba "esijwayelekile" ngu-46-60 cm. Ukuphakama ekubuneni kwezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi kuyahlukahluka kububanzi obungu-36-45 cm. Kubamele abancane bezinhlobo, ubukhulu obungadluli ku-25-35 cm buyisici.
Umlingiswa wenja, isimilo
AmaScholoitzcuintles ayizinja ezithule futhi ezizolile ezingenazo izimpawu zokuthi unolaka olungashukunyiswa. Isilwane esijabule kangako, esiphapheme futhi esisheshayo, singasolisa abantu esingabazi, ngakho-ke kufanele sibe sesigabeni sabalindi abahle nabangane abahle kakhulu.
UXolo uyizwa kahle imizwa yomnikazi wayo, futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nomoya ojwayelekile wendlu. Njengomthetho, inja yalolu hlobo ikhetha umnikazi oyedwa kuphela, kepha iyabekezelela wonke amalungu omndeni, kufaka phakathi izingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo eziphakathi nendawo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yesondlo, zonke izindlela zokuvimbela, kanye nokukhethwa kokudla okunempilo okuhle, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kweXoloitzcuintle siyahluka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-20, okuyisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sezinja.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Xoloitzcuintle
I-Sholo, noma i-Xoloitzcuintle, ingeyesigaba sezinhlobo ezingathobeki ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke azidingi ukunakekelwa kobuchwepheshe noma okukhethekile. Njengoba bekhula, kungokwemvelo ukushintsha indlela yokudla, izinga lomthwalo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwesilwane esifuywayo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha ngokuqinile ukuhlanzeka nezinkomba zezempilo zesilwane. Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kwabanikazi beXolo, inkinga ngenja enjalo ayikho ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Abamele i-Xoloitzcuintle abangenazinwele abanazo izinwele ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuhlanganiswa, kepha isikhumba sesilwane esinemilenze emine sidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa. AmaXoloitzcuintles ayasebenza kakhulu futhi ayadlala, okungadala ukuklwebheka, imihuzuko kanye nemihuzuko esikhunjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane singangcola, okubandakanya ukugeza, okuvame ukuhambisana nesikhumba esomile kusuka kushampu, insipho noma ukomiswa.
Isikhumba esomile kakhulu seSolo singadala ubuhlungu esilwaneni, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi ezingapheli kakhulu, kubalulekile ukusula isikhumba senja ngamafutha akhethekile.
Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-moisturizer ene-vitamin E noma uwoyela we-alimondi, osatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umzimba wenja. Ehlobo, ngaphambi kokuhamba, isikhumba sesilwane esinezinyawo ezine kufanele sivikelwe elangeni eliqondile ngokhilimu okhethekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele ubunqunu bohlobo kudingeka bathenge i-jumpsuit ekhethekile ezosetshenziswa ngezinsuku ezibandayo kakhulu zobusika ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Izindlebe zesilwane zibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, okumele kuqalwe kusukela eminyakeni eyizinyanga ezintathu, okuqinisekisa ukuma kwazo okulungile. Uma kunesidingo, usimende wokunamathisela ekhemisi ungasetshenziswa ukulungisa izindlebe esimweni esikhuphukile. Izindlebe namehlo ziyahlanzwa kuphela lapho zingcola, ngezixazululo ezikhethekile noma ngamanzi afudumele abilayo. Izinzipho zidinga ukusikwa ngezinzipho ezikhethekile zezinja, cishe kanye ngenyanga. Amazinyo axubha nsuku zonke, futhi uma kunesidingo, inja inikezwa ukudla noma umuthi wokuhlanza.
Ukudla, ukudla
IXoloitzcuintle, kanye nanoma iyiphi enye inja, idinga inani elanele lamaprotheni, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushoda kwamazinyo athile, kanye nokuthambekela kwemvelo kwenja ekufakeni ubuthi ekudleni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ngokukhethekile umsoco wansuku zonke. Ukudla kwenja enjalo kufanele kube kwemvelo ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokubakhona kokuvikela noma udayi ekwakhiweni.
Ukudla okumanzi okumanzi, okunokuchotshozwa okuhle futhi okumunceke kahle, kufanelekile ukondla iXoloitzcuintle. Ukuze uqinise imihlathi, kunconywa ukuthi ukondle isilwane sakho ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuqinile futhi okucekeceke ngokudla kwenja. Uma i-Xolo ineqoqo eliphelele lamazinyo, kanye nokungabi bikho kwe-premolars, kungenzeka impela ukusebenzisa uhlobo olujwayelekile lokudla.
Abanye abakhiqizi bangaphandle njengamanje bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokudla kwezinja, okuhloselwe iXoloitzcuintle. Akuvunyelwe neze ukondla lesi silwane esinemilenze emine etafuleni, esichazwa hhayi kuphela ngengxenye yokukhuliswa kwenja, kepha nangokunakekelwa kwempilo kaXolo. Udokotela wezilwane okhokhelwayo uzokusiza ukhethe ukudla okufanele kwesilwane sakho.
Izifo nezinkinga zokuzala
Uma ucabanga iqiniso lokuthi ukukhethwa kohlobo lweXoloitzcuintle kwenzeka ngendlela yemvelo ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, izinja ezinempandla zinempilo enhle impela. Izifo ezibangelwa ifa zifaka kuphela:
- i-dermatitis ngenxa yokudla okungalungile noma ukunakekelwa;
- ukungezwani komzimba;
- ingozi yokulimala esikhunjeni;
- Isifo seLagga-Calva-Perthes, esifana nokubonakaliswa komtholampilo nezimpawu ze-hip dysplasia enezilonda ezivamile zenhlanganisela eyodwa.
Ukukhubazeka kohlobo kungabonakaliswa:
- ikhanda elibanzi kakhulu;
- isikhumba esiluhlaza, esixegayo, noma esishwabene kubantu abadala;
- ukwehla kwedolo ngokweqile;
- amehlo alula kakhulu, ayindilinga noma aqhakazile;
- arched (lordosis) noma i-convex (kyphosis) emuva;
- i-beveled croup;
- ukulethwa kwezinkomo;
- umsila ovalwe ngokuqinile owela ngemuva;
- umsila omfushane;
- izidladla ezikhululekile;
- umzimba omude omncane onemilenze emifushane.
Ukuyekisa imikhuba emibi kufaka ubugwala nolaka, ukwehluka okusobala kokuziphatha nokungokomzimba. Izinja ezi-atypical, kanye nabantu abaphethwe ubumpumputhe noma izithulu, abafanelekile. Izinja ezinomlomo odlulele noma ongaphansi, obizwa ngokungahambi kahle kwemihlathi, ukuluma okungahambi kahle (okubuthakathaka), ulimi olukhubazekile, izindlebe ezinqunyiwe noma ezilengayo, umsila omfushane noma onqampuliwe awuvunyelwe ukubonisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukungabikho komoya ophefumulayo nokuphefumula okusheshayo kuyisici esihlukile sohlobo lweXoloitzcuintle oluhlanzekile.
Okunye futhi ukungafaneleki ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma anemibala ehlukahlukene, i-albinism, ubude obude futhi obufushane, nanoma iyiphi ingubo ngaphandle kokubushelelezi noma okufushane. Ukungabi khona kwama-incisors, o-canine, ama-premolars, ama-molars e-Xoloitzcuintle, noma amazinyo avuliwe akujeziswa, ngoba izinja eziningi azinazo izimpande zamazinyo ezijulile. Ngokofuzo, ukungabikho kwezinwele kuhlobene kakhulu nokungabikho kwamazinyo.
Imfundo nokuqeqesha
Bonke abamele uhlobo lweXoloitzcuintle babonakala njengabahlakaniphile kakhulu futhi bahlala bevulekile ukuxhumana nezinja zabanikazi babo, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane ezinemilenze emine akunzima ukuziqeqesha futhi kulula ukuziqeqesha ngemiyalo ehlukahlukene. Yize kunjalo, abanikazi beXolo badinga ukukhombisa ukuqina, ukubekezela kanye nezimfanelo zobuholi enqubeni yezemfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubungozi bezinkinga zokuziphatha ezahlukahlukene enja buyanda kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izimpi ze-Xoloitzcuintle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo noma izinja, ngenxa yengozi yokwakheka kwezibazi eziningi ezingathandeki esikhunjeni esibucayi ezingamboziwe izinwele.
AmaXoloitzcuintles ngokwemvelo ahlakaniphe kakhulu, futhi futhi anenkumbulo enhle, ngakho-ke ukuba ngumpetha kwemiyalo elula evela esifundweni esijwayelekile akubangeli ubunzima. Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukuqeqesha nokukhulisa isilwane esinemilenze emine kusuka ebuntwaneni.
IXolo kumele ijwayele indawo yayo nesiteketiso ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzijwayeza. Abamele imikhuba emibi ngokuphelele yohlobo kungaba yinhlekelele yangempela. Inja enjalo ihlukaniswa nokuziphatha okungalawuleki kanye nelukuluku eleqile, elingalimaza ngisho isilwane uqobo.
Thenga iXoloitzcuintle
I-Naked Mexican uhlobo lwenja olungajwayelekile ezweni lethu, ngakho-ke labo abafuna ukuthola isilwane se-Xoloitzcuintle esithembisayo bavame ukuphendukela ezinkulisa zangaphandle ukuthola usizo.
Yini okufanele uyibheke
Ngemuva kokukhetha ikennel noma umfuyi, kubalulekile ukuthi unake kakhulu izimo lapho kugcinwa khona izinja ezizalisayo kanye nenzalo yazo.... Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi ujwayelane nabazali bomdlwane okhethiwe, ukubona ukuziphatha kwabo endaweni ejwayelekile yezinja.
Okungabalulekanga kangako ukubukeka nokuziphatha komdlwane weXolo uqobo. Isilwane kufanele sifun 'ukwazi futhi singabi amagwala, sisebenze, kodwa singabi nolaka ngokuphelele, sinesifiso esihle, kanye nengaphandle elihambisana ngokuphelele nohlobo.Imidlwane emincane yeXoloitzcuintle inezici ezisongweni ezisentanyeni, ezinyamalala ngokuguga kubantu abahlanzekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye zezinkinga ezihambisana nempilo kaXolo azikwazi ukutholwa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, ngoba ukubonakaliswa kwazo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuvuthwa kwesilwane.
Isimo somdlwane sincike ngqo ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi hhayi ufuzo kuphela, kepha nokuqeqeshwa, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuhlangana nabantu okufika ngesikhathi futhi okunekhono. Imidlwane enesimo esihle kakhulu ihlukaniswa ngokudlala okungokwemvelo, ayesabisi izihlobo zayo, kepha ungazifihli ekhoneni.
Ukukhubazeka kwezempilo okusobala kungabonakaliswa isisu esivuvukile, ukuklwebheka esikhunjeni, ukuphuma ezindlebeni noma ekhaleni, namehlo anamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole umgodi womlomo we-Xoloitzcuintle puppy, uhlolisise ukuluma, isimo samazinyo nezinsini, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi alukho uqwembe olimini. Uma kwenzeka noma ikuphi, ngisho nokungabaza okuncane ngempilo yomdlwane, kufanele wenqabe ukuyithenga.
Intengo yozalo lomdlwane
Intengo emaphakathi yemidlwane yeXoloitzcuintle isukela ku-15-20 kuye kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50, kepha ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Enqubeni yamanani wabameleli bohlobo olunjalo, kufanele kubhekwe ubudala besilwane, isigaba saso, izici zangaphandle, inzalo nezinye izinto.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Izinja zeXoloitzcuintle azigcini ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile futhi ezihlekisayo, kepha futhi zinegama lokwethusa imimoya emibi. Ezweni lethu, abamele lolu hlobo bavele muva nje, kepha sebekwazile ukuzuza ukuzwelana nabazalisi bezinja.
Ngokusho kwabanikazi beXolo, izinja ezindala zalolu hlobo zivame ukuba nesimo sokuthula futhi zikhetha ukuhlala kude nabantu ezingabazi, ngenkathi zigcina isimo sokubhekisisa amalungu emindeni yazo. Ukuhamba kwansuku zonke noma imidlalo enamandla kungasanelisa ngokugcwele isidingo sesilwane esinemilenze emine sokuzivocavoca umzimba, futhi sonke isikhathi, izinja ezinjalo zikhetha ukuphumula ngokuthula endaweni yazo noma eduze komnikazi.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo lweXoloitzcuintle lungolwesigaba esingenankinga ngokobuntu nokuziphatha, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine zidinga ukuzibandakanya kusenesikhathi nemfundo efanelekile. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezingezinhle zingaba nolaka kubantu ongabazi noma ezilwaneni... Yintando enamandla kuphela, kanye nesandla esilungile, esizovumela ukukhulisa inja ephethe kahle futhi elalelayo, eqotho nethembekile kumnikazi wayo.
