Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ufudu lwexhaphozi
Ummeleli ovamile wesigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngu ufudu lwasemanzini... Ubude bomzimba walesi sidalwa busuka ku-12 kuye ku-35 cm, isisindo cishe siyikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu noma ngaphansi kancane.
Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe, izimfudu zexhaphozi akunzima ukuhlukanisa kusuka kuzalwa ngesakhiwo segobolondo eliyindilinga, eliphansi, elixhunywe ezinhlangothini nomzimba ongezansi ngemisipha enwebeka; kanye nokungabi khona komlomo ebusweni besilwane esihuquzelayo kanye nezici zangaphandle ezilandelayo:
- umbala wegobolondo ungaba mnyama, onsundu noma umnqumo;
- isikhumba esimbozwe amabala aphuzi sinombala oluhlaza;
- umfundi wamehlo awolintshi noma aphuzi uvame ukuba mnyama;
- imilenze yabo inezinhlaka zokubhukuda nezinzipho ezinde;
- umsila, odlala indawo yokulawula lapho uhamba emanzini, mude impela.
Abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwama-marsh basakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu; bangatholakala eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eTurkmenistan, eKazakhstan, eCaucasus, nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Bahlala emahlathini, emahlathini nasezintabeni, belwela ukuhlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, abahlali nje kuphela emaxhaphozini, njengoba negama lisho, kepha bahlala emifuleni, emifudlaneni, emiseleni nasemachibini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yofudu lwasemanzini
Lezi zilwane, ezomndeni wofudu lwasemanzini angenasawoti, ziyasebenza emini, kuthi ebusuku zilale phansi kwemizimba yamanzi. Bazizwa behle kakhulu endaweni enamanzi, lapho bangahlala khona cishe izinsuku ezimbili.
Kepha nasemhlabeni bazizwa bekhulu, ngakho-ke ufudu lwasemarshini lungatholakala otshanini obukhulu, lapho lezi zilwane ezinegazi elibandayo zithanda ukuthamela ilanga, ngaleyo ndlela zondle imizimba yazo ngamandla.
Ufudu iMarsh luzwa lukhulu emanzini nasemhlabeni
Bazama ukuthola ezinye izindawo ezifanele zokugcotshwa yilanga, imvamisa besebenzisa izinkuni zokukhukhumeza namatshe aqhamuka emanzini. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zilwela ukusondela elangeni ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu, ezipholile, naphezu kwesibhakabhaka esigubuzelwe amafu, zizama ukubamba imisebe yelanga edlula emafwini.
Kodwa ngengozi encane nje, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokushesha zingena emanzini futhi zicashe ekujuleni kwazo phakathi kohlaza lwangaphansi kwamanzi. Izitha zalezi zidalwa kungaba izilwane ezidla ezinye nezinyoni.
Futhi, imvamisa akudingeki ukuthi balindele noma yini enhle kumuntu, futhi kwamanye amazwe asempumalanga kuyisiko ukuwadla, okudala ukulimala okukhulu kubantu bohlobo lwezimfudu.
Umuzwa wokuhogela nokubona kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ukhule kahle. Ukuhamba emhlabathini ngokunethezeka ngokwanele, izimfudu zibhukuda kahle futhi ngokushesha, futhi izitho ezinamandla ziyazisiza lapho zinyakaza emanzini.
Izidladla zezimfudu zasolwandle zifakwe uzipho olukhulu, oluzivumela ukuba zingcwabe kalula ungqimba lwamaqabunga noma enhlabathini enodaka. Ngokwemvelo ephilayo, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zifukamela ubusika lapho kubanda. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaNovemba futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Kuthathwa njengokungajwayelekile, ama-marsh turtles afakwa eRed Book. Futhi yize isibalo sezilwane ezinjalo sizinzile impela, zanyamalala ngokuphelele kwezinye izindawo lapho zazitholwe khona phambilini.
Izinhlobo zezimfudu zasolwandle
Kucatshangelwa umuntu omele lo mkhakha Ufudu lwamachibi waseYurophu. Ungumnikazi we-carapace ebushelelezi, enesimo esiyindilinga noma esiseqanda.
Umbala wayo ungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi noma omnyama ngephethini, onamachaphaza ahlanganisiwe wemisebe nolayini, kanye namabala amhlophe noma aphuzi. Lapho imanzi, i-carapace ishintsha umbala njengoba isoma, ekukhanyeni elangeni, kancane kancane ithola umthunzi we-matte.
Ikhanda lofudu lukhombe futhi lukhulu, futhi isikhumba kulo nemilenze kumnyama, kunamachashazi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinesisindo esingaba ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, futhi zifinyelela cishe ku-35 cm ngobukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bahlala eRussia.
Izimfudu zase-marsh zaseYurophu zihlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies ayi-13 anezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene. Abantu babo bayehluka ngokubukeka, ubukhulu, umbala neminye imingcele.
Kuboniswe ufudu lwasemanzini lwaseYurophu
Endaweni yaseRussia, lapho kujwayelekile khona izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izimfudu ezimnyama zitholakala ikakhulu, futhi abantu abanegobolondo eliphuzi ngokuluhlaza bahlala ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo laseSicily.
Uhlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezichaziwe lubandakanya nolunye uhlobo - ufudu lwaseMelika, olune-carapace olungu-25-27 cm ubude. Isizinda esikhulu segobolondo ngumnqumo omnyama, futhi amabala amancane akhanyayo abonakala kahle kuso.
Abamele izilwane zalezi zinhlobo banokufana okuphawulekayo nezimfudu zase-marsh zaseYurophu maqondana nokubukeka nokuziphatha. Isikhathi eside, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane kwakungezososayensi bohlobo olufanayo, kepha ukutadisha okujulile kwezakhi zofuzo nokwakheka kwamathambo angaphakathi kuholele ekukhonjweni komehluko omkhulu kulezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, okwenze ukuthi manje zibheke njengezihlukile izinhlobo zezimfudu zasolwandle.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kofudu lwasemanzini ekhaya
Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo emizini yazo. Zingathengwa kalula noma zibanjwe zodwa ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, lapho izinyanga ezifudumele zasehlobo zilungele kakhulu.
Izimfudu zasolwandle zasekhaya imvamisa incane ngosayizi kunaleyo etholakala endle. Ukungathobeki kwabo kuvumela noma ngubani, ngisho nabanikazi abangenalwazi, ukubagcina futhi babe nenzalo ezifuyweni zabo.
Ukunakekela kanye ukugcinwa kofudu echibini akusho noma yini eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimweni ezithile zokunakekelwa kubalulekile kulezi zilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi isifiso sokuthatha lesi sidalwa ngenxa yokuzijabulisa singenise ekhaya lakho kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu kulezi zidalwa ezingenabungozi.
Ufudu lweMarsh ekhaya engakwazi ukuphila ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwelanga. Kungakho abantu abadala abaphilile esimweni sezulu esifudumele sasehlobo bengavunyelwa ukuhambahamba egcekeni le-dacha yabo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ichibi elincane lokufakelwa lapho.
Kuthwetshulwe ufudu lwemashi olusana
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo zingagcinwa ngababili, kodwa ukunakekelwa ngemuva ufudu lwasemanzini ithatha ubukhona be-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayikhulu, kanye nendawo yokushisa, ekhanyiswe ngesibani se-ultraviolet, esishisa imvelo ibe ngu-30 ° C futhi inikeze izilwane amahora ayishumi nambili emini.
Ukuhlala ekhaya, izimfudu zasolwandle azilali ebusika, futhi abanikazi bezilwane kufanele bakwazi lokhu futhi bangakhathazeki ngalokhu. Okubi ukugcina ufudu lwexhaphozi ulaka lwayo olukhulu lungolwakho. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyadabukisa kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi zingalimazana zize zilume imisila yazo.
Azinabo ubungane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, azibekezeleli izimbangi ezisendlini, ikakhulukazi kulezo zimo uma kukhulunywa ngomzabalazo wokudla. Bangakhohlisa futhi bangaba yingozi ezinganeni ezincane uma benganakile. Kodwa-ke, izimfudu zihlakaniphe ngokwanele futhi zivuza labo abazondla ngokubonga.
Kuboniswe ufudu lwasemanzini olwandle olwandle
Ukudla kofudu lwexhaphozi
Ngesikhathi sokudla, izimfudu zingcole kakhulu, uma unikezwa lokhu kungcono ukuzibeka esitsheni esihlukile ngesikhathi sokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zinobudlova obukhulu futhi zithambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abantu abadala badinga ukondliwa ezinsukwini ezimbili kuphela kamuva ngolwesithathu, kepha izimfudu ezincane zidinga ukudla nsuku zonke.
Yini edliwa ufudu lwasemaxhaphozini? Ngokwemvelo, badla iminenke, amagundane, amakhilikithi, izikelemu namaxoxo, ama-centipedes nama-crustaceans, kanye nezinambuzane, izibungu kanye no-algae okutholakala endaweni yasemanzini.
Izimfudu ziyizilwane ezinjengempi ezikwazi ukuhlasela ngisho nezinyoka, futhi ziyabamba, zidla izibankwa ezincane namachwane ezinyoni zasemanzini.Yini ongondla ngayo izimfudu zamanziuma beyizilwane ezifuywayo? Kungenzeka ubanikeze inkukhu nenyama yenkomo inhliziyo nesibindi, pamper imfanzi encane.
Izinhlanzi ezibukhoma zosayizi abancane, ngokwesibonelo, imidlwane, zivame ukukhishelwa emanzini ukuze kudliwe izimfudu. Ukondla ngendlela yamavithamini ne-calcium kumane nje kuyadingeka kulezi zilwane ezifuywayo. Ngalo mqondo, ukudla okwenziwe okuqukethe konke okudingayo kulula kakhulu.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo kofudu lwasemanzini
Zivuka ngokungazelelwe ebusika, izimfudu zasolwandle ziqala inqubo yokuzalanisa, futhi ekupheleni kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, emigodini embiwe emhlabeni futhi etholakala eduze kwamanzi, zizalela amaqanda ngezingcezu eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-20. Zigqiba ngokucophelela izinduku zazo. Izimfudu ezincane ezimnyama ezinesisindo esingeqile kwama-gramu angama-20 zivela kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezimbili, noma ezintathu nezinyanga ezintathu, ngakho-ke lokhu kwenzeka eduze nasekwindla.
Esikhathini esiningi, amawundlu ahlala ebusika, egxuma angene enhlabathini, kanti abantu abadala bavame ukuchitha amakhaza phansi kwemizimba yamanzi. AmaJuveniles adla esikhwameni se-yolk esiswini sabo. Ukuhlangana kwezimfudu zasolwandle kungonakaliswa yizinja zama-raccoon nama-otter.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi ezihuquzelayo sihlala siyimfihlakalo kososayensi, futhi kuze kube manje akukho ukuvumelana ngalolu daba. Kepha, njengabo bonke abamele umndeni wofudu, bangama-livers amade. Ochwepheshe bavame ukubiza lesi sibalo kusuka eminyakeni engama-30-50, kepha abanye ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bakholelwa ukuthi ama-marsh turtles, kwezinye izimo, angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyikhulu.
