Ingwe yaseMalay Isilwane esihle kodwa esiyingozi, esincane kunazo zonke izinhlobo zamahlosi. Kuze kube ngu-2004, ama-subspecies anjalo abengekho nhlobo. Babengabahlosi be-Indo-Chinese. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezifundo eziningi zofuzo, kwahlukaniswa ama-subspecies ahlukile. Njengoba ungaqagela kusuka egameni, ungakuthola kuphela eMalaysia.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Malay Tiger
Indawo yokuhlala yengwe yaseMalay yingxenye yenhlonhlo yaseMalaysia (Kuala Terengganu, Pahang, Perak naseKelantan) kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu yeThailand. Ngokuyinhloko amahlosi ayizinhlobo zase-Asia. Emuva ngo-2003, lawa ma-subspecies abekwa njengehlosi le-Indo-Chinese. Kepha ngo-2004, inani labantu labelwa ama-subspecies ahlukile - uPanthera tigris jacksoni.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, iqembu lososayensi baseMelika abavela ku-National Cancer Institute lenze ucwaningo oluningi lofuzo kanye nokuhlola, lapho, kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, umehluko okhona kuzakhi zofuzo ze-subspecies wakhonjwa, okuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe njengohlobo oluhlukile.
Ividiyo: Ingwe yaseMalay
Abantu abasenyakatho neMalaysia bahlanganiswe neningizimu yeThailand. Emahlathini amancane nasezindaweni zezolimo ezilahliwe, izilwane zitholakala ngamaqembu, inqobo nje uma inani labantu lincane futhi likude nemigwaqo emikhulu. ESingapore, amahlosi okugcina aseMalay aqothulwa ngawo-1950.
Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, abantu abangaphansi kwama-500 bale nhlobo bahlala emvelweni. Lokhu kukhuphukela ezingeni lesithathu lezinombolo phakathi kwawo wonke ama-subspecies. Umbala wengwe yaseMalay ufana kakhulu ne-Indo-Chinese, futhi ngosayizi useduze neSumatran.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izinganekwane zithi leli hlosi elinamazinyo ayisabatha lalingukhokho wazo zonke izinhlobo zalezi zilwane ezidlayo. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo. Ngokuqondene nomndeni wekati, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengekati elinezinyosi kunesingwe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Malay Tiger
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo, ihlosi laseMalay lincane ngosayizi:
- Abesilisa bafinyelela ku-237 cm ubude (kufaka phakathi umsila);
- Abesifazane - 203 cm;
- Isisindo samadoda singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-120;
- Abesifazane abanesisindo esingeqile ku-100 kg;
- Ukuphakama kubuna kusuka ku-60-100 cm.
Umzimba wengwe yaseMalay uyashintshashintsha futhi unomusa, umsila mude impela. Ikhanda elisindayo elinokhakhayi olukhulu lobuso. Ngaphansi kwezindlebe eziyindilinga kukhona ukuvuvukala okuluhlaza okotshani. Amehlo amakhulu anabafundi abayindilinga abona yonke into ngombala. Umbono wasebusuku ukhule kahle. Ama-Vibrissae amhlophe, anwebeka, ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-4-5.
Banamazinyo anamandla angama-30 emilonyeni yabo, kanti ama-canine made kunawo wonke emndenini. Ziba nomthelela ekubambeni ngokuqinile entanyeni yesisulu, esivumela ukuthi simklinze aze ayeke ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuphila. Ama-canine makhulu futhi agobile, kwesinye isikhathi ubude bamazinyo aphezulu bufinyelela kuma-90 mm.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yolimi olude noluyiselula olunamashubhu abukhali, embozwe ngokuphelele nge-epithelium eqinile, ingwe yaseMalay iklebhula kalula isikhumba emzimbeni wesisulu, nenyama emathanjeni ayo.
Emilenzeni yangaphambili eqinile futhi ebanzi kunezinzwani ezinhlanu, emilenzeni yangemuva - 4 enezinzipho ezihlehliswa ngokuphelele. Emilenzeni nasemhlane ijazi likhulu futhi lifushane, esiswini lide futhi liyathambile. Umzimba wewolintshi no-olintshi uwele imivimbo emnyama eyeqile. Amabala amhlophe azungeze amehlo, izihlathi kanye nasekhaleni. Isisu nesilevu nakho kumhlophe.
Amahlosi amaningi anemivimbo engaphezu kwekhulu emzimbeni wawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, umsila unemivimbo engu-10 enqamulelayo. Kepha kukhona futhi u-8-11. Isisekelo somsila ngokuvamile asizungezwe amasongo aqinile. Iphuzu lomsila lihlala limnyama. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemivimbo ukufihla lapho uzingela. Ngenxa yazo, ihlosi liyakwazi ukucasha emahlathini isikhathi eside linganakwa.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isilwane ngasinye sinemigqa yaso eyingqayizivele, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Isikhumba samahlosi naso sinemigqa. Uma izilwane zigundiwe, kuzokhula uboya obumnyama kumigqa emnyama, iphethini izobuyiselwa futhi ifane ncamashi neyokuqala.
Ihlala kuphi ihlosi laseMalay?
Isithombe: Malay Tiger Red Book
Amahlosi aseMalayan athanda indawo enamagquma enezintaba futhi ahlala emahlathini, avame ukutholakala emingceleni yamazwe. Zithambekele kahle emahlathini angenakunqobeka ehlathini futhi zibhekana kalula nezithiyo zamanzi. Bayakwazi ukugxuma kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-10. Bakhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, kodwa bakwenza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Bahlomisa amakhaya abo:
- emifantwini yamadwala;
- ngaphansi kwezihlahla;
- emihumeni emincane umhlaba ugcwele utshani obomile namaqabunga.
Abantu bayagwenywa. Bangakwazi ukuhlala emasimini anezimila ezilinganiselayo. Ingwe ngayinye inensimu yayo. Lezi yizindawo ezinkulu impela, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela ku-100 km². Izindawo zabesifazane zingagudla ngabesilisa.
Izinombolo ezinkulu kangaka zibangelwa inani elincane lokukhiqiza kulezi zindawo. Indawo yokuhlala yamakati asendle ingama-66,211 km², kanti indawo yokuhlala yangempela ingama-37,674 km². Manje izilwane sezihlala endaweni engeqi ku-11655 km². Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwezindawo ezivikelwe, indawo yangempela kuhlelwe ukuthi inyuswe iye ku-16882 km².
Lezi zilwane zinekhono eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi imvelo: kungaba yizindawo ezishisayo ezinomswakama, amawa anamadwala, ama-savanna, ama-bamboo groves noma amahlathi angenakudlula. Amahlosi azizwa enethezeke ngokulinganayo ezimweni ezishisayo nasendaweni enesiqhwa esineqhwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ingwe yaseMalay inikezwe ukubaluleka kwamasiko njengoba isithombe sayo sisezembathweni zezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwuphawu lukazwelonke kanye nelogo kaMaybank, ibhange laseMalaysian, nezinyunithi zamasosha.
Idlani ingwe yaseMalay?
Isithombe: Malay Tiger
Ukudla okuyinhloko kuqukethe ama-artiodactyls kanye nezitshalo ezidla imifino. Amahlosi amaMalay adla izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, ama-sambar, ama-gaura, ama-langur, azingela ama-muntjaks, ama-serou, ama-macaque anomsila omude, izingungumbane, izinkunzi zasendle nezinyamazane ezibomvu. Azinamahloni ziwe. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lezi zilwane azihambisani nokudla.
Ngesinye isikhathi bajaha ama-hares, pheasants, izinyoni ezincane, amagundane nama-voles. Ikakhulukazi abanesibindi bangahlasela ibhere laseMalay. Ngosuku olushisa ngokukhethekile, ungakhathazeki ngokuzingela izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Zivame ukuhlasela izindlovu ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo. Ehlobo bangadla amantongomane noma izithelo zemithi.
Ngenxa yokukhuluphala komzimba, amahlosi angadla isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yawo. Ngesinye isikhathi, amakati asendle angadla kuze kufike ku-30 kg wenyama, futhi alambe kakhulu - nawo wonke ama-40 kg. Abadliwayo abahlushwa ukuntula ukudla.
Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwamahlosi kungama-5-6 kg wenyama izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto. Lapho zizingela, zithembele kakhulu ekubukeni nasekuzweni kunokuthembela ephunga. Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo kungathatha imizamo efinyelela kwayi-10. Uma kungekho neyodwa yazo ephumelelayo noma isisulu sinamandla, ihlosi alisayilandeli. Badla becambalele, bephethe ukudla ngezidladla zabo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane se-tiger saseMalay
Njengoba enamandla amakhulu, amahlosi azizwa engamakhosi agcwele endawo ahlala kuyo. Bamisa indawo yabo ngomchamo yonke indawo, babeke imingcele yezinto zabo, baqhephuke amagxolo ezihlahleni ngozipho futhi baxegise umhlabathi. Ngale ndlela, bavikela umhlaba wabo kwabanye abesilisa.
Ama-Tigers, azwana esizindeni esisodwa, anobungane komunye nomunye, ahlala ngokuthula futhi, lapho ehlangana, athintana ngomlomo wawo, ahlikihle izinhlangothi zawo. Ekubingelelaneni, bahogela futhi bakhiphe kakhulu, ngenkathi bekhipha umsindo ngomsindo.
Amakati asendle azingela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Uma isisulu esithandekayo sivele, ihlosi ngeke liphuthe. Ngokwazi ukubhukuda ngokuphelele, bazingela ngempumelelo izinhlanzi, izimfudu noma izingwenya ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo. Nge-paw esindayo, bashaya umbani emanzini, bamangaza inyamazane futhi bayidla ngokujabula.
Yize amahlosi aseMalay ethanda ukuba yedwa, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana ngamaqembu abelane ngezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngokuhlaselwa ngempumelelo kwesilwane esikhulu, amahlosi akhipha umsindo omkhulu, ongazwakala kude kakhulu.
Izilwane zixhumana ngosizo lokuxhumana komsindo, iphunga nokubukwa. Uma kunesidingo, zingakhuphuka ezihlahleni zeqe zifike kumamitha ayi-10 ngobude. Ngesikhathi esishisayo sosuku, amahlosi athanda ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, abalekela ukushisa nezimpukane ezicasulayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukubona kwehlosi laseMalaysia kucijile izikhathi eziyisithupha kunomuntu. Lapho kuhwalala, azilingani nabazingeli.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Malay Tiger Cub
Yize amahlosi ezalela unyaka wonke, ukuphakama kwalesi sikhathi kwenzeka ngoDisemba-Januwari. Abesifazane bavuthwa ekuhlanganiseni abaneminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala, kanti abesilisa - kuphela ku-5. Imvamisa abesilisa bakhetha owesifazane oyedwa ukuthandana. Ezimweni zokukhula kwabantu amahlosi wesilisa, izimpi zabakhethiweyo zivame ukwenzeka.
Lapho abesifazane beshisa, bayibeka endaweni leyo ngomchamo. Njengoba lokhu kungenzeka kanye njalo eminyakeni embalwa, kunezimpi ezinegazi zama-tigresses. Ekuqaleni, akavumeli abesilisa ukuba basondele kuye, abahayize, babhonge futhi balwe ngezidladla zakhe. Lapho i-tigress isivumela ukusondela kuye, zihlangana izikhathi eziningi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngesikhathi se-estrus, abesifazane bangakhwelana nabesilisa abaningana. Kulokhu, udoti uzoqukatha izingane ezivela kobaba abahlukene. Abesilisa nabo bangakhwelana nama-tigress amaningi. Ngemuva kokubeletha, owesifazane uvikela ngentshiseko inzalo yakhe emadodeni, ngoba angabulala amazinyane ukuze abuye aqale i-estrus.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuzala kwenzalo kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-103. Udoti ungaba nezingane ezisuka ku-1 kuye kwezi-6, kepha ngokwesilinganiso u-2-3. Izingane ezifika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zondla ngobisi lukamama, futhi cishe izinyanga eziyi-11 ziqala ukuzingela zodwa. Kepha kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala basazohlala nonina.
Izitha zemvelo zamahlosi aseMalay
Isithombe: Malay Tiger
Ngenxa yomthethosisekelo onamandla namandla amakhulu, amahlosi amadala cishe akanazitha. Lezi zilwane zingaphezulu kwephiramidi lokudla phakathi kwezinye izilwane. Umqondo othuthuke kahle ubasiza ukuba bahlole ngokushesha isimo futhi benze ngokuvumelana nemizwa yemvelo.
Abazingeli abakhulu bamahlosi aseMalayisi abazingeli abazingeli abanezibhamu abadubula izilwane ngokungenamahloni ngenhloso yokuthola inzuzo. Amahlosi ayaxwaya izindlovu, amabhere nobhejane abakhulu, bezama ukuwagwema. Amakati kanye namazinyane engwe amancane azingelwa izingwenya, izingulube zasendle, izimpungushe, izingungumbane nezinja zasendle.
Njengoba izilwane ezindala noma ezikhubazekile ziqala ukuzingela imfuyo ngisho nabantu, abantu bendawo badubula izingwe. Ngo-2001-2003 kuphela, abantu abangama-42 babulawa yizingwe zaseMalay emahlathini omhlume waseBangladesh. Abantu basebenzisa izikhumba zamahlosi njengomhlobiso nezikhumbuzo. Inyama yengwe nayo iyasetshenziswa.
Amathambo amahlosi aseMalay avame ukutholakala ezimakethe ezimnyama e-Asia. Futhi kwezokwelapha, kusetshenziswa izitho zomzimba. Abantu base-Asia bakholelwa ukuthi amathambo anezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Izitho zangasese zibhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac enamandla. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwezinhlobo kwakuwukuzingelwa kwezemidlalo kwalezi zilwane ngeminyaka yama-30s yekhulu lama-20. Lokhu kwehlise kakhulu inani labantu bezinhlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal Malay Tiger
Inani elilinganisiwe lamahlosi aseMalay ahlala kule planethi ngabantu abangama-500, okungaba ngu-250 ngabantu abadala, okwenza babe sengozini. Izinsongo ezinkulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukungqubuzana nabantu, ukuncintisana nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2013, izinhlangano zezemvelo zibeka amakhamera okucupha ezindaweni ezihlala amakati amakhulu. Ukusuka ngonyaka ka-2010 kuya kowezi-2013, kuze kwabhalwa abantu abadala abangafika kuma-340, ngaphandle kwabantu abahlala bodwa. Enhlonhlweni enkulu, lesi yisibalo esincane kakhulu.
Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa kokwakhiwa kwamasimu esundu kawoyela, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngamanzi angcolile ezimboni kuba yinkinga enkulu ekusindeni kwalezi zinhlobo futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesizukulwane esisodwa, inani labantu lehla cishe ngekota.
Balinganiselwa ku-94 izingwe zamaMalay ezathathwa kubazingela ngokungemthetho phakathi kuka-2000 no-2013, ngokusho kwabaphenyi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo nakho kuthinta kabi inani lamahlosi ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwendawo.
Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwezingxenye zomzimba wengwe emithini yaseChina, abukho nhlobo ubufakazi bocwaningo lwesayensi obusekela inani lezitho noma amathambo engwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthetho waseChina uyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwemizimba yehlosi ngenhloso yokuthola imithi. Ngokwabo njengabazingeli abangekho emthethweni bazobhekana nesigwebo sentambo.
Ukulondolozwa kwamahlosi aseMalay
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseMalay evela kwiRed Book
Umhlobo lo ubhalwe ku-International Red Data Book kanye ne-CITES Convention. Ubhekwa njengobungozi obukhulu. ENdiya, uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-WWF lakhiwe ukuze kulondolozwe ngenkuthalo izinhlobo ezisengcupheni zamahlosi.
Esinye sezizathu zokufakwa kwamahlosi aseMalay eRed Book isibalo samayunithi angekho ngaphezulu kwama-50 abantu abavuthiwe kunoma yiziphi izindawo zehlathi. Ama-subspecies afakiwe kwisithasiselo esikhethekile, ngokusho ukuthi ukuhweba kwamazwe kungavunyelwe. Futhi, amazwe okuhlala kuwo la makati asendle awakwazi ukuwahweba ngaphakathi kombuso.
I-Malaysian Alliance for the Conservation of a Rare Subspecies yasungulwa yizinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Kukhona ngisho nocingo oluhlukile oluthola imininingwane ngabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuhlelwe yizakhamizi ezikhathalelayo ukulawula ukudubula kwezilwane, okwandisa inani labantu.
Cishe kunamahlosi ayi-108 aseMalay asekuthunjweni ezindaweni zezilwane nezinye izinhlangano. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncane ngokweqile kokwehluka kofuzo nokulondolozwa okuphelele kwezilwane ezihlukile.
Ama-Tigers alungele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Kunezinhlelo eziningi ezenziwayo zokwandisa inani labantwana abathunjiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanani entengo yezilwane ezincishisiwe ancipha futhi aba yizinciphiso ezingatheni zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ingwe ye-malay kuzoyeka ukuba uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa, sethemba kanjalo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/15/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-18: 19
