IKingfishers (lat. Ngokwenganekwane ethakazelisa kakhulu, imvelaphi yaleli gama kungenxa yegama elihlanekezelwe lenyoni ehlala futhi ifukamele amatshwele emigodini yobumba - shrew.
Incazelo yama-kingfisher
Ama-Kingfishers (Аlcedinidae) angumndeni omkhulu wezinyoni, kepha izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zeplanethi yethu zihlukaniswa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezibanda kakhulu eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ukubukeka
Umndeni waseKingfisher ufaka kakhulu izinyoni ezincane, ezivame ukuba nezimibalabala futhi zihle.... Isici esiyinhloko sezinyoni ezinjalo simelwe ngomlomo omkhulu futhi oqinile, kanye nemilenze emifushane. Ukuma kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenyamazane, ngakho-ke, abantu abondla izinhlanzi banomlomo obukhali futhi oqondile, kuyilapho ku-kookabara ibanzi ngokwanele futhi ingabi yinde kakhulu, ehlelelwe ukuchoboza isisulu ngesimo sezilwane ezincelisayo noma ama-amphibian amancane. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile ekubambeni izibungu nezakhamizi zasemhlabeni zinomlomo onethiphu enjenge-hook.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuba khona kombala o-orenji okhanyayo esiswini kungenxa yobukhona bezingulube ezikhethekile ze-carotenoid ezimpapheni, nezinye izimpaphe ezinesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba zibonisa inani elithile lesibonisi esibonakalayo, ngakho-ke zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesheyili yensimbi.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, wonke amalungu omndeni weKingfisher abonakala ngemilenze emifushane kakhulu enezinzwane zangaphambili ezihlanganisiwe engxenyeni ebalulekile yobude. Ubukhulu bezinyoni ze-Alcedinidae buyehluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke zimelelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zase-Afrika ze-kingfisher (Ispidina lacontei). Ubude bale nyoni abudluli ku-10 cm ngesisindo esiphezulu esingu-10 g. Phakathi kwamalungu amakhulu omndeni kukhona iPied Giant Kingfisher (Megaseryle mahima), kanye ne-kookabara ehlekayo (iDaselo novaeguineae), efinyelela kubude obungu-38-40 cm ngesisindo esingu-350-400 g.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Ama-kingfisher amadala ahlala endaweni yawo ikakhulukazi eyedwa. Insimu enjalo ifaka indawo yolwandle engaba yikhilomitha elilodwa ubude. Noma yimuphi umuntu ongaziwa ovela endaweni evikelekile uyaxoshwa ngesikhathi sokulwa. Lapho kuqala ubusika, abadobi benkosi bayahamba emazweni abo, bafudukele ngaseningizimu kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Mangaki ama-kingfisher aphilayo
Isikhathi esiphakathi sempilo yenhlanzi ezimweni zemvelo, esiqoshwe namuhla, cishe siyiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Izinhlobo ze-Kingfisher
Ngokombono wabalobi abahlukahlukene, inani elihlukile lezinhlobo zibalwa kuhlobo lwe-Alsedo, kepha ngokuya nge-International Union of Ornithologists kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa:
- I-kingfisher evamile noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lat. Аlcedо аtthis) Ingabe inyoni encane enkulu kancane kunondlunkulu ovamile ngosayizi. Abamele lolu hlobo banezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, ezicwebezelayo futhi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu, ezinemibala emincane emaphikweni nasekhanda. Le nyoni ikhipha ukukhala okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile njengo "tyip-tyip-tyip". Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezincanyana eziyisithupha - ukuhlala phansi nokufuduka;
- Ama-kingfishers amthende (lat. Аlcedо Еuryzona) - Izinyoni zase-Asiya ezinomphimbo omhlophe, ikhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaphiko aphezulu, amabele amhlophe noma awolintshi, isisu nangaphansi kwamaphiko. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba;
- Ama-kingfisher amakhulu amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lat. Аlcedо amahora) - Izinyoni zase-Asia, okuyizona ezimelele kakhulu uhlobo lohlobo. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngomlomo omnyama, ikhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlangothi olungenhla oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwamaphiko, umphimbo omhlophe, isifuba esibomvu, isisu nangaphansi kwamaphiko;
- Abadobi benkosi abanohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lat. Alcedo méninting) - Izinyoni zase-Asia, ezibukeka njenge-kingfisher ejwayelekile ngokubukeka. Umehluko omkhulu umelwe yimpaphe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni ophezulu kanye nezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ze-orange emzimbeni ongezansi. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezincane eziyisithupha;
- I-turquoise kingfisher (lat. Аlcedо quаdribrаhys) Ingabe inyoni yase-Afrika enomlomo omnyama, ikhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlangothi olungenhla oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwamaphiko, umphimbo omhlophe, isifuba esibomvu, isisu nangaphansi kwamaphiko. Lolu hlobo lufaka phakathi ama-subspecies amabili.
Futhi, ngochwepheshe be-International Union of Ornithologists, uhlobo lwe-Alsedo lubandakanya i-Small Blue Kingfishers (i-Alsedo coerulesens) kanye neCobalt, noma i-kingfisher (i-Alsedo semitorquata).
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-subspecies we-kingfisher avamile ajwayelekile e-Eurasia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, eNew Zealand nase-Indonesia, kanye naseNew Guinea naseSolomon Islands. Ama-kingfisher anezintambo ajwayelekile emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe bonke abameleli bohlobo lweKingfisher bavame kakhulu futhi bahlala endaweni yase-Afrika, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeYurophu nase-Asia, e-Australia naseNew Guinea, kanye naseSolomon Islands. Ensimini yezwe lethu, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezimelelwe yizinhlobo eziningana.
Ama-kingfisher amakhulu aluhlaza ahlala emifuleni nasehlathini eliphakeme elinomswakama e-Southeast Asia. Ububanzi balezi zinhlobo busuka eHimalayan Sikkim buye esiqhingini saseChina iHainan. Abamele bonke ubungani be-Blue-eared Kingfisher bahlala ezindaweni eziseduze nemifula nemizimba yamanzi, bekhetha amahlathi aminyene ahlala eluhlaza. Abadobi bama-turquoise bahlala ehlathini elishisayo elishubile laseCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ukudla kweKingfisher
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwe-kingfisher imelwe yizinhlanzi ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-barbel, i-grayling, i-sculpin, i-char ne-minnow. Izinyoni zizingela inyamazane enjalo lapho ziqamekele. Uma kunokwenzeka, abadobi abanezimpaphe ngokuzithandela babamba ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane, amaxoxo kanye nonozinti... I-kingfisher ihlala inganyakazi emagatsheni noma izindwani zotshani zilenga phezu kwamanzi, noma isebenzisa amatshe nezindawo zokuphula ugu lolwandle njengendawo yokuqamekela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isilwane esibanjiwe sishaqekile ngokushaywa okunamandla okuningana emagatsheni, ngemuva kwalokho i-kingfisher iyinqamula ngomlomo wayo bese iyigwinya ikhanda kuqala. Amathambo ezinhlanzi nezikali ziyaphindwaphindwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yi-kingfisher.
Isisulu singalandelelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho inyoni isheshe ingene emanzini bese icwila khona manjalo. Njengoba inyamazane ibanjwe ngomlomo wayo, i-kingfisher ibuyela emgodini wayo noma endaweni yokubuka. Ngenxa yokushaya ngamandla kwamaphiko aqinile futhi amafushane, inyoni ingakhuphuka ngokushesha iye emoyeni.
Izitha zemvelo
Abamele umndeni wakwaKingfisher, i-Raksheiformes oda kanye nohlobo lweKingfisher cishe abanazo izitha, kodwa izinyoni ezincane futhi ezingakhuli ngokugcwele zingaba yizisulu zempungushe noKlebe. Abazingeli kwamanye amazwe bavame ukuzingela ama-kingfisher futhi benze izilwane ezigxotshiwe ngezindebe zabo. Ngaphandle kokuthi abadobi benkosi cishe abanazo izitha zemvelo, inani eliphelele lezinyoni ezinjalo liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo kwamahlathi nemizimba yamanzi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Bonke abadobi bamakhosi bangabesigaba sezinyoni ezizodwa, kepha phakathi kwabesilisa kuvame ukuba nabantu abazala imindeni eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuze kwakheke umbhangqwana, owesilisa wethula inhlanzi ebanjiwe kowesifazane. Uma isipho esinjalo samukelwa, umndeni uyakhiwa. Amabili adalwa kuphela isikhathi esifudumele, futhi lapho kuqala ubusika, izinhlanzi ezibabayo ziyahlukana bese zindizela ubusika ngokwehlukana. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo, lezi zinyoni zibuyela esidlekeni sazo esidala, bese lezi zithandani zihlangana futhi.
I-kingfisher imba isidleke sayo ogwini, kunemithambeka ethe xaxa, endaweni eseduze naleli chibi. Umgodi noma ukungena esidlekeni kufihlwe ngamagatsha ezihlahla noma izihlahla, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo. Ibanga elijwayelekile phakathi kwezidleke zobumba zamabhangqa ahlukene imvamisa lingu-0.3-1.0 km noma ngaphezulu. Isidleke esifinyelela kumitha ubude, sikulungele ngokuphelele ukungena, sinokuma okuvundlile. Lolu hlobo "lomgodi wezinyoni" luqediwe ngokwandiswa okukhethekile - igumbi lokudlela, kodwa ngaphandle kombhede.
I-Clutch ingaqukatha amaqanda ama-4-11 amhlophe futhi acwebezelayo, kepha kaningi inani lawo alidluli amaqanda ama-5-8... Amaqanda afukanyelwa abazali ababili ngokulandelana amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho kuzalwa amachwane e-kingfisher angaboni nophaphe ngokuphelele. Izinyoni zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zithathe isisindo ngenkuthalo, okuchazwa ukwanda komsoco ngesimo sezibungu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe emva kwenyanga izelwe, isivele yaqina futhi yaqina, amachwane e-kingfisher aqala ukundiza aphume emgodini wabazali. Izinyoni ezisencane zinombala wezimpaphe ogqamile kancane futhi zingaphansi ngosayizi kubantu abadala.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa, izilwane ezincane zindiza nabazali bazo, okwamanje abaqhubeka nokondla inzalo yabo. Izimo ezikahle ngokwanele zivumela abadobi benkosi ukuthi benze i-clutch yesibili futhi bakhulise enye inzalo yabo, balungele ukundiza ngokuzimela kusukela maphakathi nenyanga edlule yehlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-kingfisher ejwayelekile inesimo esingakhathazi. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu bahlala eYurophu kuphela, kanti isibalo emazweni amaningi okwamanje sizinzile impela. Yize kunjalo, i-kingfisher ifakiwe kwiRed Book yaseBuryatia, futhi izici ezikhawulela usayizi wabantu okwamanje azaziwa.
