Imvelo yezinhlanzi igatsha le-ichthyology eligxile ekutadisheni indlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi:
- inani labantu;
- ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene;
- isigqi sempilo yezinhlanzi;
- ukudla okunomsoco, ukukhiqiza kanye nemijikelezo yempilo;
- ubudlelwane bezinhlanzi nabanye abamele izilwane nezemvelo.
Izinhlanzi ziyisigaba sezilwane ezinomgogodla ezihlala kuphela emzimbeni wamanzi, noma kunezinhlanzi ezingama-lungfish ezingahlala emhlabathini isikhashana (protopters, climbing perches, mud jumpers). Basakazeka kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezibandayo ze-Arctic. Ezilwandle nasolwandle, izinhlanzi zingaphila ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo ezingaziwa yisayensi yanamuhla. Futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, kungenzeka ukuthola izinhlobo zangaphambi komlando ezazikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule, noma nangaphezulu. Izinhlobo zomhlaba ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-32.8 ziyaziwa emhlabeni, osayizi bazo bahluka kusuka ku-7.9 mm kuya ku-20 m.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa amaqembu anjalo ezinhlanzi, kuya ngezici zendawo yabo yokuhlala:
- i-pelagic - kukholamu yamanzi (oshaka, i-pike, i-herring, i-tuna, i-walleye, i-trout);
- kwalasha - phila ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-200 (abadla abamnyama, ama-anglers);
- i-littoral - ezindaweni ezingasogwini (ama-gobies, izinaliti zasolwandle, izinja ezihlanganisiwe, izikeyiti);
- phansi - phila phansi (ama-flounders, imisebe, i-catfish).
Ithonya lezici ze-hydrosphere kwindlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izinhlanzi ziphila ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okuhle kubenza bakwazi ukuhamba kahle emanzini. Lapho izinhlanzi ziphila ngokujula, ukukhanya okuncane kungena lapho, nezinhlobo eziphila ngokujule kakhulu noma ezansi ziyizimpumputhe noma zibona ukukhanya okuntekenteke ngamehlo e-telescopic.
Njengoba izinga lokushisa komzimba wezinhlanzi lincike ekushiseni kwendawo ezungezile, ngakho-ke, amanzi afudumele nabandayo athinta imijikelezo yabo yokuphila ngezindlela ezihlukile. Emanzini afudumele, umsebenzi wenhlanzi, ukukhula kwawo, ukondla, ukuzala kanye nokufuduka kuyabonakala. Ezinye izinhlanzi zijwayele ukushisa kangangokuba zihlala emithonjeni eshisayo, kanti ezinye ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga aphansi amanzi ase-Antarctica nase-Arctic.
I-oksijeni yezinhlanzi itholakala emanzini, futhi uma isimo sayo siba sibi, kungaholela ekukhuleni okuhamba kancane, izifo kanye nokufa kwabantu bonke. Okuyingozi kakhulu ezinhlanzini ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-hydrosphere, ikakhulukazi ukuchitheka kukawoyela. Ngendlela yokondla, izinhlanzi ziyizisulu, zinokuthula futhi zisebenzisa omnivorous. Banobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu bohlobo olufanayo nolwehlukile, kanye nabamele ezinye izigaba zezilwane.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi yizilwane zasemanzini ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi, azihlali nje kuphela emifuleni, emachibini, olwandle, olwandle, kepha nasekuthunjweni - ezindaweni zasemanzini. Banokuhluka okuphawulekayo phakathi kwabo, futhi isayensi yanamuhla isenokuningi okufanele ifunde ngabo.
