Incazelo nezici
Isigaba sama-arachnids sihlukile futhi sifaka inani elikhulu lezinhlobo. Ososayensi bazibala endaweni ethile ngohlelo lwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Izicabucabu zingenye nje yamaqembu alesi sigaba, futhi naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi zibhekwa njengezidalwa ezingenabungozi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubamele be-infraorder migalomorphic.
Izimo zalolu hlobo imvamisa ziba zinkulu kakhulu ezihlotsheni zazo, futhi ziyahlukahluka ekwakhiweni kwe-chelicerae yomlomo (igama ngokwalo lihunyushwa ngokoqobo: uzipho-intshebe, elisho okuthile ngenhloso nokwakheka kwalo). Kulezi zigcawu, zihlotshaniswa nezindlala ezinobuthi, amapayipi avuleka kuzo.
Umndeni wesicabucabu i-tarantula uyingxenye yalesi infraorder. Amalungu ayo makhulu kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi ebangeni lemilenze, ubukhulu bayo bufike ku-27 cm futhi buze budlule nalezi zinkomba.
Konke izinhlobo zama-tarantula zinobuthi, kepha zinobuthi obuhlukile. Ezinye cishe azinabungozi, kepha eziningi kufanele zithathwe njengeziyingozi kakhulu. Njengomthetho, ukuluma kwabo akukwazi ukubulala umuntu omdala onempilo, kepha kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kungadala ukuquleka, umkhuhlane kanye nemibono.
Ekuvikeleni, i-tarantula ingalahla izinwele ezinyaweni zayo, okuholela ekuphenduleni komzimba kubantu
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ebulalayo yobuthi bezidalwa ezichazwe ingaba ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ezincane.
Ngenhlanhla, eYurophu izinto eziphilayo ezinjalo azitholakali, ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ePortugal, eSpain, e-Italy nasezindaweni eziseduze nalawa mazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene namanye amazwekazi, ububanzi balezi zigcawu bukhulu impela lapha.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, bahlala cishe eningizimu neMelika nase-Afrika, basabalele e-Australia naseziqhingini ezakhele leli zwekazi.
Esithombeni kukhona i-tarantula ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukubukeka kwezidalwa ezinjalo kuhlukile futhi kuyingqayizivele. Imilenze emide sha yesicabucabu esinjalo yenza umxhwele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala nje, kuvela ukuthi lezi zidalwa zinamabhangqa ayisithupha emilenze. Zimbozwe ngezinwele ezikhanyayo, eziminyene futhi ezibalulekile.
Kepha lapho uhlolisiswa, ngababili kuphela imilenze, kanti ezinye izinqubo ezine, ezimfushane nezingaphambili, ziyi-chelicera nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-pedipalps.
Imibala yesicabucabu esinjalo iyabambeka futhi iyamangaza ngemibala exotic, kepha imibala yemibala iba namanzi kakhulu ngemuva i-molting tarantula... Le yinqubo ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ephawuleka ngalezi zinto eziphilayo. Umzimba wabo wakhiwe yi-cephalothorax yabo - ingxenye engaphambili nesisu, exhunywe kuphela nge-jumper. Zimbozwe i-chitinous exoskeleton - igobolondo elikhethekile.
Uhlaka olugcina umswakama ngesikhathi sokushisa futhi, njengezikhali, luvikela ekulimaleni. Ngesikhathi se-molting, siyalahlwa bese kufakwa esinye. Kodwa kungalezikhathi lapho ukukhula kwesilwane okwandayo kwenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi kukhulisa imingcele yaso cishe kane.
Ngesikhathi se-molting, ama-tarantula angakhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi
Izidalwa ezinjalo ziqhayisa ngamehlo amane, angaphambili. Ama-pedipalps asebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. I-Chelicerae isetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokuvikela, kepha futhi nokuhudula inyamazane nokumba izimbobo.
Futhi izinwele emilenzeni kufanele zibhekwe ngaphezu kokuhlobisa nje. Lezi yizitho ezihlelwe kahle, ngokuzwela kwazo okubamba iphunga nemisindo.
Izinhlobo
Lo mndeni unabamele abaningi, kufaka phakathi imikhaya eyishumi nantathu, ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo (ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, cishe zingu-143 zazo). Izici zabamele babo ziyisici esihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zifanele incazelo ekhethekile.
1. I-Tarantula goliath - isidalwa esidume ngosayizi waso, okubandakanya ubude bemilenze yaso, singaba ngamasentimitha angama-28.Ngaphambilini, isifanekiso esifanayo sezilwane zeplanethi sasibhekwa njengesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke.
Kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI kwaphawuleka ngokutholwa kweHeteropoda maxima - isihlobo ngendlela ehlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi esedlula i-goliath ngamasentimitha ambalwa, okusho ukuthi ubukhulu bayo abunamkhawulo.
Umbala wesicabucabu esinjalo ubunsundu, kwesinye isikhathi unamathoni abomvu noma amathoni akhanyayo. Izidalwa ezinjalo zihlala emaxhaphozini aseNingizimu Melika. Isisindo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo singafika ku-170 g.
UGoliyati ubhekwa njengesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke se-tarantula
2. Isicabucabu-tarantula omnyama nomhlophe waseBrazil... Abamele lezi zinhlobonhlobo bancane kancane kunangaphambili. Usayizi wazo imvamisa awudluli amasentimitha angama-23. Zidume ngokukhula kwazo okunamandla nombala ogqamile, omuhle, yize umnyama nomhlophe.
Isicabucabu sinesimo esingalindelekile nesinolaka. Imvamisa izidalwa ezinjalo zicasha phakathi kwamatshe nangaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakhasa ziye ezindaweni ezivulekile.
3. I-tarantula yensimbi (i-arboreal) futhi iyinhlobo ephawulekayo etholakala kuphela eningizimu yeNdiya. Kodwa kulokhu, isicabucabu sivela ezihlotsheni zaso ngosayizi, asikhulanga ngaphezu kwama-21 cm, kodwa ngokugqama nangokuthakatha, ubuhle obuhle.
Umzimba wayo nemilenze iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-metallic sheen, ehlotshiswe ngamaphethini amahle. Izidalwa ezinjalo, zihlangana ngamaqembu, zihlala phakathi kwezihlahla ezindala ezibolile.
4. UBrachypelma Smith Ingabe uhlobo olutholakala eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico. Ubukhulu bezicabucabu ezinjalo ngokuvamile abweqi kumasentimitha ayi-17. Umbala ungaba mnyama noma ube nsundu ngokungezwa kwezindawo ezibomvu nezolintshi, kwezinye izimo zihlotshiswe ngomngcele ophuzi noma omhlophe; izinwele njalo emzimbeni kukhona pink pink.
Lolu hlobo alunabo ubuthi futhi aluthathwa njengolunobudlova ikakhulukazi.
Esithombeni sesicabucabu uBrahipelm Smith
Ngokuphathelene usayizi we-tarantula, lokhu sekushiwo kakade. Kepha amapharamitha anikezwe phambilini kucatshangelwa ubude bomlenze. Kodwa-ke, umzimba wesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke usayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10, kanti ezinhlotsheni ezincane ungaba ngaphansi kuka-3 cm.Kufanele futhi kushiwo ngezinto ezihlukile ze-tarantula ezineminyaka yobudala futhi zishintshe umbala wazo njengoba zikhula.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesicabucabu esinjalo zigxila ezindaweni nezimo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Phakathi kwalaba bameleli bezilwane, abahlali bezindawo ezomile ngisho nezingwadule bayaziwa. Kunezinhlobo ezikhetha amahlathi asenkabazwe nomswakama wazo wasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ama-tarantulas ase-Arboreal bachitha izinsuku zabo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, emiqhele yabo phakathi kwamagatsha. Baluka ama-webs futhi bawagoqela kumashubhu. Abanye bakhetha indawo eqinile futhi kule ndawo bazifunela indawo yokuhlala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo zesicabucabu ezizimbela imigodi, zijule ngaphansi komhlaba. Bavala iminyango yabo ngezindwangu zezinhlamvu.
Ama-Tarantulas angahlala emigodini (ekubhotsheni) nasezihlahleni
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuhlala yalezi zidalwa incike kakhulu esigabeni sokukhula komuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, njengesiphungumangathi, sichitha izinsuku zaso emgodini, kuthi lapho sikhula, siqale ukuvela phansi (lokhu kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezingathi yizinkuni nezisemhlabeni). Okusho ukuthi, imodeli yokuziphatha kwalezi zigcawu ingashintsha njengoba ikhula futhi ikhula.
Ngokuqondene nezigaba zokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo ezinjalo. Izicabucabu ezisanda kuzalwa ezisanda kuzalwa ngamaqanda zibizwa ngokuthi ama-nymphs. Ngalesi sikhathi sokukhula, imvamisa abazizwa benesidingo sokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nymphs, athola ama-molts ambalwa, lapho umzimba ukhula ngokushesha, aphenduka isibungu (yile ndlela izicabucabu ezibizwa ngayo zize zifinyelele esimweni somuntu omdala).
Izinwele ezimboze umzimba walezi zidalwa zigcwele ushevu. Okwabanikazi babo uqobo, lokhu kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu abayithole kuMama Wemvelo. Ama-tarantulas anjalo oboya asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izidleke ngokuzifaka zibe izigaxa.
Futhi, belindele ingozi, baphonsa izinwele ezinobuthi nxazonke zabo, ngaleyo ndlela bazivikele. Uma bengena emzimbeni lapho behogela, ngisho nomuntu angahlangabezana nezimpawu ezibuhlungu: ubuthakathaka, ukuminyaniswa, ukushiswa - konke lokhu kuyizimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.
Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula azihambi kakhulu. Futhi uma bephula lo mthetho, lapho-ke kunesizathu esizwakalayo. Isibonelo, abesifazane be-tarantula, uma begcwele, bangahlala ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kepha nabantu abalambile abahlali bodwa futhi bayabekezela. Basendaweni yabo yokuqamekela futhi bazingela inyamazane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kwakuhlobene nemikhuba yokudla lapho isicabucabu esinjalo sathola igama: tarantula... Futhi le ndaba yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 eVenezuela, lapho iqembu lososayensi lathola isicabucabu esikhulu emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, sidla ama-hummingbirds ngokudla.
Khona-ke ngisho nelinye lamalungu ohambo - uMaria Merian wenza umdwebo omibalabala we-tarantula ngaphansi kwento ayeyibonile. Futhi kungekudala wangena emaphephandabeni, wakha inkazimulo ethile yazo zonke izicabucabu zalo mndeni, ezaba yisizathu segama.
Eqinisweni, izinto eziphilayo zesicabucabu esinjalo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukugaya inyama yenkukhu. Lokho wukuthi, izimo ezinjalo ziyenzeka, kepha kuyaqabukela. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zidalwa zidla izinambuzane, ama-arachnids amancane, futhi zingangena ezihlotsheni zazo.
Ama-tararantula yizilwane ezidlayo futhi angadla ngisho nezihlobo zawo
Kepha bayizilwane ezizingelayo impela. Bacathamela izisulu zabo. Futhi ukuzibamba, kusetshenziswa izicupho ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukudla kwalezi zigcawu kuhlanganisa: izinyoni, amagundane amancane, amaxoxo, kokunye izinhlanzi, kanye nezilwane ezincane - izikelemu zegazi, amaphela, izimpukane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isicabucabu iTarantula abesilisa bavuthwa ngokushesha kunanoma yibaphi abesifazane, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho abaphili isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi uma benesikhathi sokukhwelana, bese kuba ngaphansi kwalokho. Ukulungela kwayo ukuba nenzalo kungaqagelwa yizimpawu zayo zangaphandle. Okokuqala, ama-bulbs akhiwa kuma-pedipalps ayo - izitsha zemvelo zesidoda.
Futhi, abesilisa bakhulisa izingwegwe ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi izingwegwe ze-tibial, badlala indima ethile ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Lawa madivayisi ayadingeka ukubamba umlingani, kanye nokuvikela kuye, ngoba abakhethiwe besicabucabu bangaphenduka babe ngabantu abanolaka kakhulu.
Ngosizo lwama-cobwebs ahlukene kanye nezinwele emzimbeni, i-tarantula izwa konke okuzungezile
Ukulungiselela umhlangano ne "lady", abesilisa baluka iwebhu ekhethekile, babela ngethonsi loketshezi lomndeni kulo, bese belithatha ngamahhuku bese beqa ukufuna umlingani.
Kepha noma ngabe isicabucabu sikhona futhi sisabela ocingweni, sikhombisa ukuvuma ngayo yonke inhlobo, ukuhlangana ngokobulili akwenzeki ngaphandle kokwenza imicikilisho ebekiwe. Ngaphandle kwazo, izicabucabu azikwazi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe zingezinhlobo ezifanayo yini. Lokhu kungaba ukuqhaqhazela umzimba noma ukuthepha ngezidladla. Inhlobo ngayinye ineminyakazo yayo yokukhwelana.
Ubulili uqobo bungaba khona ngokushesha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha amahora. Futhi le nqubo iqukethe ukudluliswa kwesidoda sakhe yiziphambeko zesilisa emzimbeni womlingani.
Imidlalo efana nalena ayiphephile nakancane kwizicabucabu. Abanye babo bangahlupheka ngisho nangaphambi kokuxubana uma izithandani zingazwani (lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ezinhlotsheni ezinolaka). Futhi ngemuva kwesenzo uqobo lwaso, owesilisa uvame ukuphunyuka, ngoba, uma engakhombisanga ubukhali, kungadliwa owesifazane olambile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokwakheka kwamaqanda emzimbeni wesicabucabu iyenzeka. Futhi lapho isikhathi sifika, wakha isidleke semicu, lapho kubekwa khona lawo maqanda afanayo. Inani labo lihlukile, kwezinye izinhlobo libalwa ngamashumi, kanti kwezinye lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa.
Ngemuva kokuqeda okungenhla, isicabucabu senza umfece okhethekile oyindilinga bese siyasigaxela. Le nkathi ihlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene (ingahlala izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu kwekhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi ingavikela inzalo yayo ngolaka nangentshiseko, noma ingayidla yonke le ndlu uma ilambile.
Injalo imvelo yesicabucabu. Kusuka emifezwini eshiwo, kuvela izigaxa zokuqala, ezincibilika zikhule, ziphenduke kuqala zibe izibungu, bese kuba yizicabucabu ezindala.
Abesifazane balinganiswa ngokwemvelo isikhathi eside sokuphila kunama-cavaliers abo. Izicabucabu zithathwa njengompetha phakathi kwama-arthropod ngokwesikhathi sokuphila. Irekhodi yiminyaka engama-30. Kepha, uma kukhulunywa ngokuqinile, ubude bomjikelezo wempilo buxhomeke ohlotsheni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kukalwa ngeminyaka eyishumi, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo kuyiminyaka embalwa kuphela.
I-Tarantula ekhaya: ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Ukugcinwa kweTarantula abathandi bezilwane zasendle minyaka yonke baba yinto yokuzilibazisa eyanda kakhulu. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba izilwane ezinjalo ezifuywayo kulula ukuzinakekela, azithobeki, ngaphandle kwalokho, zinikezwe ukubukeka okumangazayo nokungajwayelekile.
Ukuzalela izicabucabu ezinjalo nakho kuyasiza ngoba kusimo sendawo lapho kulula khona ukubona imikhuba yalezi zidalwa eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza lokhu endle.
Ngoba isilwane tarantula kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa i-terrarium esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, evaliwe, okufanele ihlukaniswe umuntu ngamunye, ngoba izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukudlana. Phansi kwesitsha kufakwe amagxolo kakhukhunathi.
Kufanele futhi unikeze isicabucabu indawo yokukhosela izimbali. Izinhlobo zezinkuni zidinga izingcezu zamagxolo noma izinkuni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinambuzane njengokudla: izikelemu zokudla, amakhilikithi, amaphela, izimpukane.
Kukhuthazwe kakhulu ukuthatha izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinjalo, ngenxa yengozi yazo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi usongo empilweni, kungcono ukugcina izinhlobo zinomoya ozolile.
Isibonelo, kulesi sikhundla, ochwepheshe batusa iChilean i-tarantula ebomvu... Unombala othakazelisayo, ongekho ulaka futhi cishe awuyingozi.
Isicabucabu se-Red Chilean tarantula
Isicabucabu esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi sithathwe. Lapho ezizwa esongelwa, imvamisa akalumi noma ahlasele, kepha uzama ukuzifihla. Kubathandi bokuqala bokungajwayelekile, indalo enjengamasudi wesicabucabu sokuqala afanele ngendlela enhle.
