Ipartridge inyoni engathandi ukundiza
I-Partridge - inyoni eyaziwayo, esabalele. Igama layo kuzo zonke izilimi zeSlavic lisho inyoni ebukeka njengenkukhu. Uhlala e-Eurasia futhi walethwa eMelika. Abazingeli banakekela ukudluliselwa kwale nyoni ezwenikazi laseMelika. Babodwa abakhombisa intshisekelo eyengeziwe ngale nyoni engamangali.
Isiko lomhlaba alisindisanga i-partridge. Inganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi isitshela ngesenzo esingalungile somdwebi ovelele uDaedalus. Walahla eweni umfundi owayemdlula ngekhono. Kodwa le nsizwa ayizange ife. U-Athena wamguqula waba yi-partridge. Ukukhumbula lokhu kuwa, ama-partridges awathandi ukundizela phezulu futhi ahlala phansi isikhathi esiningi.
Incazelo nezici
Indlela elula yokuchaza i-Partridge injengenkukhu encane, eguquguqukayo ngombala. Isisindo sayo singu-500-700 amagremu, kanti ubude baso bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Umzimba oyindilinga ubanjwe yimilenze eqinile. Eziduna nezinsikazi azinaso isichitho emilenzeni.
Isikali sombala jikelele sincike endaweni yokuhlala futhi singaba nsundu, nsundu, sibomvu, sicishe sibe mhlophe. Isembozo sezimpaphe sinemibala engalingani, kunemigqa yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala. Ukufakwa kombala kwale nyoni kusikisela ukuthi isu lokuzivikela eliyinhloko ukufihla.
Izinyoni ziyancibilika minyaka yonke. Lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nehlobo. I-molt yabesifazane ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa. Izimpaphe ezindiza kakhulu ziwela kuqala. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izimpaphe eziyinhloko zivuselelwa ngokuphelele. Ekwindla kuza ukujika kwezimpaphe zentaba. IMolt iphela ekuqaleni kobusika.
Umehluko wesizini obekiwe ngombala une ptarmigan... Ikhava yasebusika imhlophe. Ngaphandle kwezinye izimpaphe zomsila. Zimnyama. Isikhathi esisele - esinsundu, esibomvu, esinomzimba ongezansi omhlophe.
I-dimorphism yezocansi izibonakalisa ngosayizi wenyoni: abesilisa bakhulu. Ama-cockerels anombala wezimpaphe okhanya kancane. Ngaphandle, izinyoni zabo bobubili ubulili ziyafana kangangokuba ngungoti kuphela ozokwazi ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni i-partridge esithombeni: owesilisa noma owesifazane.
Izinhlobo
Ama-partridges awuhlobo oluphelele lwezinyoni olubizwa nge-Perdix. Uhlobo lo luyingxenye yomndeni we-pheasant. Ama-turkeys, pheasants, peacock ahlobene nama-partridges. i-Guinea fowl, i-black grouse, okungukuthi, konke kufana nenkukhu.
Iningi libangelwa umndeni we-pheasant, umndeni we-partridge:
- Ingwevu empunga - uhlobo oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-8 ezingaphansi. Igama layo lentela yi-Perdix perdix. Le yinhlayiya ejwayelekile.
- I-Partridge yaseTibet izala e-Asia Ephakathi. Izinhlobo zinama-subspecies amathathu. Igama lesayensi lalolu hlobo yiPerdix hodgsoniae.
- Intendele enentshebe - ngaphandle ifana nokhokho ompunga. Kuzalwa eSiberia naseManchuria. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ama-subspecies amabili. Igama lesistimu yi-Perdix dauricae.
- I-Keklik noma i-partridge yamatshe iningi limpunga ngombala onombala womlotha. Umlomo nemilenze kubomvu.
- Ugwadule lwasogwadule ngombala wezimpaphe lufana kakhulu ne-Partridge, kepha lunombala opinki. Izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni zisonga zibe yimigqa emnyama nokumhlophe.
- Isihlahlana se-shrub. Inyoni le iphakathi nendawo begodu inombala onsundu ngombala, inezimpaphe ezinhlobonhlobo namabala amancane amnyama, ansundu nokhilimu ezinhlangothini nomhlane onsundu.
- Uqwembe loqalo. Ngosayizi omncane nge-dimorphism yezocansi eveziwe. Izimpaphe eziguqukayo ngemibala emnyama, ensundu nokhilimu.
- Umabhebhana. Inezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga, eyeduna inombala ogqamile emibhobhweni emincane, iphenduke isidleke. Ihlasela ngezidladla.
- Iqhwa leqhwa linezimpaphe ngemigqa emnyama nomhlophe kuze kufike ekhanda. Umlomo ubomvu.
- EMadagascar. Ixhaphakile esiqhingini, inyoni uqobo lwayo inkulu kakhulu, abesifazane bayimpunga ehlukahlukene, abesilisa bakhulu ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo.
- I-Partridge ekhonjiwe noma ekhonjiwe. Inyoni inombala ongajwayelekile. Umzimba ucishe ube mnyama ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabesilisa nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabesifazane. Kukhona u-tuft ekhanda.
Okwezikhwekhwe ezivame kakhulu ezimpunga, izingosi zemvelo zokwakha izidleke ziyiYurophu yonke kanye ne-Western Asia. Le nhlobo yethulwe kwamanye amazwekazi. Isabalele eCanada, e-United States, eNingizimu Afrika, eNyakatho ne-Australia naseTasmania.
Umndeni omncane we-grouse emnyama, uhlobo lwe-ptarmigan:
- Ipartridge emhlophe. Ehlobo iba mpunga ngokubomvu, kodwa iningi layo limhlophe, namashiya abomvu klebhu. Entwasahlobo iba nsundu ngokubomvu, kanti ezinye izimpaphe zimhlophe qhwa. Sekukonke, le nyoni ishintsha izimpaphe izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka
- I-Tundryanaya. Izimpaphe zowesilisa zihlukaniswa ngezimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu ngazinye ekhanda nasemahlombe. Ehlobo, iba mpunga ogqamile onemivimbo namabala. Ebusika, omhlophe, owesilisa onomugqa omnyama ngamehlo, insikazi ayifuni.
- Umsila omhlophe, izimpaphe njenge-ptarmigan, umehluko emsileni omhlophe.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Engxenyeni enkulu yonyaka, izinyoni zigcinwa zingamaqembu, imihlambi emincane, evame ukwakheka ezungeze amaphuphu angaxazululiwe. I-Collectivism isici samalungu eqembu. Izinyoni zisinda emakhazeni ebusuku zigonene ndawonye. Ngesikhathi sokudla komhlambi nokuphumula emini, inyoni eyodwa noma ezimbili zisemsebenzini, zibheka isimo.
Amapartridge yizinyoni ezihlala phansi. Imihlambi yazo kwesinye isikhathi iyashintsha indawo yokwakha izidleke. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwendawo kungaba yisizathu sokufuduka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokukhulisa ngempumelelo inzalo eningi.
Ubusika obunzima bukwenza ushaye umgwaqo. Amapartridge ahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi ebusika. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo, ezomnotho zabantu nazo ziphoqa izinyoni ukuba zizulazule.
Ama-partridges awathandi ukundiza. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emhlabathini. Zikhuphukela emoyeni kuphela uma kunengozi. Akuzona izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aerodynamic eziqinisekiswa ngomsindo ohambisana nokusuka kwazo. Lapho ukhuphuka futhi undiza, izingqimba ezisheshayo nezishintshashintshayo ziyashintshana ngokushibilika.
Amandla okundiza, agijime ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi afihle kahle awahlinzeki ngokuphepha kwepartridge. Zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, kusuka emakati afuywayo, izimpungushe nezimpisi, zizulazula emasimini zifuna izidleke nemihlambi yamaphaseji. Abahlaseli bezimpaphe - oklebe, ama-buzzard, ama-harriers - awayongozi kangako kunalawo womhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwezidliwayo, ama-partridges ahlolwe ukuthi asebenza kahle yini ebusika. Ezindaweni ezinobusika obungephi neqhwa elincane, ama-partridges ahlala emihlambini. Zitholakala eduze kwezinkundla zasebusika, osebeni lwamachibi, ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Umhlambi ukwazi ukuzondla endaweni eyi-1 sq. km.
Ebusika obungenalo iqhwa, ama-partridges abuthana eqenjini eliminyene lokuchitha ubusuku. Duzane ngokusondelana. Yakha isiyingi sezinyoni ngamakhanda aso ekhombe ngaphandle. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumela bonke abantu ukuthi basuke ngasikhathi sinye uma kwenzeka kuba ne-alamu.
Uma kwenzeka ubusika obuneqhwa, inyoni ngayinye ibekiwe eceleni. Uchitha ubusuku ekamelweni leqhwa. Kwakunezimo lapho ama-partridges ashiya indiza ngaphansi kweqhwa. Bashaya izitobha futhi benza izindawo zokuchitha ubusuku eqhweni.
Ubusika obubandayo, ihlobo elomile, izidalwa zomhlaba nezinyoni ziyizinsongo ezinkulu zokuphila. Imvelo ithole indlela: inyoni intanga iwina indawo ngaphansi kwelanga ngokuzala nokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwenzalo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-Partridges anelisekile ngokudla kwemifino. Izinhlamvu zamabele okusetshenzisiwe, entwasahlobo nasebusika, ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezinyoni. Imifino, amahlumela amancane nezimpande, imbewu yokhula ihambisana nokudla. Imbewu nezithelo zezihlahla, ngisho nama-birch catkins, asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yizinyoni.
Izinambuzane zikhona ekudleni kwezinyoni. Ikakhulukazi eziningi zazo zitholakala lapho kuhlolwa amasimu alinyiwe.I-Partridge ebusika imvamisa isondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani lezinsongo empilweni yakhe liyanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamathuba okuzondla eduze kwamakheshi nezinqolobane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngoFebhuwari. Abesilisa bayasebenza. Khetha amasayithi wezidleke zesikhathi esizayo. Baqala ukugeleza. Ukuziphatha komshado kuqukethe ukwenziwa kwamanje, ukunyakaza nemisindo.
Ukubhangqa kwenzeka kancane. Ozakwethu abadale umfelandawonye ngesizini edlule futhi basinda kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo entsha, imvamisa, baphinde bakhe izithandani. Umqalisi ekukhetheni umlingani ngowesifazane.
Ukukhetha akuhlali kungujuqu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba bengenaso isikhathi sokwakha, lo mbhangqwana uyahlukana, owesifazane ukhetha umlingani omusha. Emhlambini, amanye amaduna angashiywa engenabhangqa. Bajoyina amanye amaqembu ezinyoni. Lapho inqubo yokukhetha ingaphelele.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kokuqala kwamabhangqa, lesi sinyathelo sidlulela kowesilisa. Ubheka ukungavikeleki kwendawo lapho kufanele kwakhiwe khona isidleke. Uhlela izimpi nabancintisana nabo. Ukunakekela insikazi. Wakha isidleke esilula ngalesi sikhathi. Eqinisweni, lena imbobo emhlabathini endaweni enomthunzi, enesimo sesitsha esinobubanzi obungu-17-20 cm nobude obungu-5-8 cm futhi embozwe ngotshani obomile.
Kuthatha cishe inyanga ukudala imibhangqwana nokuqomisana. Ukukhwelana kwezinyoni bekuqhubeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli. Ukulingisa kuphela ngamatshe. I-Partridge izalela amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwayi-18. Ama-Ornithologists aqopha amacala okuhlangana aqukethe izingcezu ezingama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Amaqanda epartridge uhambelana nosayizi wenyoni: uhlangothi olude luyi-4 cm, uhlangothi olufushane luyi-3 cm.
Owesifazane uhlanganyela ekufukameleni. Ukufukamela kuyaphela ngezinsuku ezingama-23-26. Amachwane avela cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Inzalo isilungele ukuhamba ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela. Umama ususa amaphuphu lapho azalelwa khona. Indoda iyajoyina ingane. Ehoreni elilodwa, umndeni uqhele ngamamitha ayi-100-200 ukusuka esidlekeni futhi awusoze wabuyela kuwo.
Ngemuva kwesonto, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili andiza amabanga amade. Yize ukuvuthwa kushesha, izinkumbi, njengenyunyana, ziyaqhubeka kuze kufike ekwindla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, kuze kufike ubusika. Ingasebenza njengeqembu lesisekelo ukudala umhlambi omusha.
Ukuzingela kwepartridge
Ngaphandle kobuncane benyoni futhi hhayi izindlela ezinzima kakhulu zokuyilandela, ukuzingela i-partridge Ingabe umdlalo wokuzilibazisa odumile. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuzingela zisabalele: ngenja nangendlela.
Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, umzingeli ucabangela inqubo yansuku zonke yephartridge. Ngemuva kokuchitha ubusuku bonke, izinyoni ziya endaweni yokuchelela noma ekunciphiseni kwasekuseni. Ama-partridges athanda ukondla emasimini avunwe ngamabele, i-buckwheat noma i-millet. Emini, baphumula masinyane enkundleni noma bandize bayocasha otshanini obusezingeni eliphezulu, ukhula. Ntambama baphinde baphakele, ngemuva kwalokho bahambe bayochitha ubusuku.
EYurophu, kunesiko lokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela kwama-partridges, lapho inja isesha kuphela futhi iletha umdlalo wokudubula. Imvamisa, ukudutshulwa okunjalo kwezinyoni kuyaphithizela futhi kunomsindo. Ukudubula okuningi kuletha izindebe eziningi.
Ngokwesiko laseRussia, abantu ababili babamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni ama-partridges: indoda nenja. Ukudlala indima yesihloko, iphoyisa kumele likhombise wonke amakhono alo. Uhlola insimu ngama-zigzags amakhulu. Ukuzwa inyoni, kwenza ukuma. Ukhulisa umhlambi ngomyalo womzingeli. Ama-partridges andiza phezulu ngomsindo. Hhayi ekulahlekelweni, umzingeli angathola izindebe ezifanele kahle ngalesi sikhathi.
Umhlambi ungasusa hhayi konke. Abantu abaningana bangangabaza futhi bavuke kamuva. Ngakho-ke, isibhamu kufanele siphinde silayishwe ngemuva kwesibhamu sokuqala. Naphezu kokudutshulwa, izinyoni ezincane ezethukile azihambi kude futhi zingacwila otshanini obuyingxenye yekhilomitha ukusuka kumzingeli. Ngemuva kokubayeka behlise umoya, ungaqhubeka nokubasesha futhi ubadubule.
Inja ayidingeki nje kuphela ukuthola nokukhulisa inyoni ephikweni. Awukwazi ukuthola izilwane ezilimele ngaphandle kwakhe. Ukuzingela ama-partridges ngaphandle kwenja kungasebenza kuphela ezindaweni lapho le nyoni ichichima khona. Kungakuhle ukuzingela kusukela kusondela eqhweni. Ama-partridges athanda ukugijima azokhombisa emikhondweni yawo ukuthi angawafuna kuphi.
Ngaphezu kokuzingela ama-partridges ngesibhamu, kunezindlela eziningi ezingenagazi zokuthola lezi zinyoni. Ukudoba ngamanethi, izingibe kanye namaluphu kuyenziwa. Izindlela zasehlobo nasebusika zokubamba ama-partridges zihlukile. Inhloso enkulu yokubamba izinyoni eziphilayo ukuzala ama-partridges... Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zivame ukubanjwa ukuze zithuthelwe ezindaweni ezintsha.
Indlela elula yokudoba nge-paddock. Kufakwa ipeni. Eqinisweni, iyikhheji elisemaphakathi ngomnyango ophakamisa izinsimbi. Umnyango ubanjwe endaweni ephezulu ngentambo ende. Isithiyelo sibekwa ehokweni. Kuhlala ukulinda. Lapho izinyoni zingena ehhokweni, umzingeli udonsa intambo bese ushaya ikheji.
Inetha lisetshenziselwa ukubamba ngokuhlanganyela ama-partridges. Ngomugqa ka-2 cm, owenziwe ngentambo eqinile yenayiloni, amamitha ayi-200-300 ubude, amamitha ayi-7-8 ububanzi. Ilengiswa ezigxotsheni ngenhla komhlaba. Iphansi lenetha ligoqeka phansi lakhe iphakethe elibanzi. Igebe elikhulu lisele phakathi kwenethiwekhi nomhlabathi. Okungukuthi, iyabanjwa ipartridge, isilwane, ukubanjwa ngephutha endaweni yokubamba kudlula ngokukhululekile ngaphansi kwenetha.
Iqembu labashayi lisuka kude. Izama ukukhulisa umhlambi bese iwuthumela maqondana nenetha. Amaphaseji ahamba kancane aphambana nesicupho bese ewela esibayeni esiphansi senetha. Abakwazi ukuphuma lapho.
Ukuzalela ekhaya
Akumangalisi ukuthi igama elithi ipartridge lisho ukuthi "inyoni njengenkukhu". Lezi zinyoni zikubekezelela kahle ukuthunjwa. Ukuzithoba, okuphindaphindwe ngokudla kwenyama namaqanda, kuvusa ukugcinwa kwamapharaji ezindaweni zomuntu siqu, emapulazini omndeni.
Into yokuqala edingekayo ukuqala ukugcina le nyoni ihhoko lezinkukhu, i-aviary. Lesi sakhiwo esilula sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: isikhala esifakwe ngaphakathi ngophahla nendawo yokuhamba embozwe ngenetha. Kufanele kube nezihlahla zikaKhisimusi, izigaxa zotshani, izithungu zotshani ekuhambeni - noma yini engalingisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo.
Ebusika, inhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu, imifino eqoshiwe, uvithamini, izengezo zamaminerali kanye nenyama egayiwe kufakiwe ekudleni kwezinyoni. Inhlayiya yasekhaya uluma ngenjabulo amajikijolo omlotha wezintaba, i-irgi, i-viburnum, aqoqwe ezihlahleni zasebusika.
Eduzane nentwasahlobo, ngokulindela ukubekwa kwamaqanda, imenyu ye-Partridge ithuthukiswa ngokufakwa kwamavithamini, izaqathe, inyama yethambo nenhlanzi yokudla. Ukwengezwa kokudla okuqukethe i-calcium eningi, okufana noshoki, kuphoqelekile.
Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, izidleke zifakwa endlini yezikhukhukazi. Imvamisa lawa amabhasikidi amadala ambozwe ngotshani. Emzileni ophakathi nendawo, ngenyanga kaMeyi, amaparaji abekela amaqanda futhi ahlale ezidlekeni. Amachwane avela ezinsukwini ezingama-23-26. Ekupheleni kokufukamela, isikhukhukazi esinezikhukhukazi sitshalwelwa emgodini ohlukile.
Uma kunokwenzeka, amazinyane aseshokweni abekwa ngaphandle, phakathi kotshani. Izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala, amaphuphu ondliwa ngeqanda leqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho, wonke umndeni udluliselwa ekudleni okuvamile ngenxenye yamaprotheni athuthukisiwe. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amaphuphu abuyiselwa endaweni yezinyoni ezivamile. I-Partridge ibikhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka eseduze nabantu futhi ikwazile ukusinda. Ngakho-ke akasona isilima njengoba ebonakala.
