Isilinganiso - i-marsupial encane, ayinkulu kunekati. Ngaphezu kwegama - i-marsupial marten, nokufana kwangaphandle okuncane, i-kwoll ayihlangene nakancane nama-martens - iyi-marsupial eyingozi.
Mayelana, angobani ama-kwolls, okokuqala ngqa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kwatshelwa umhambi waseNgilandi, umhloli wamazwe nomvumbuli uJames Cook encwadini yakhe "Incazelo Yohambo" Izilwane zahlangatshezwa nguye ohambweni oluya e-Australia nasesiqhingini saseTasmania.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-quoll
Incazelo Ama-quolls angaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane kaningi siqhathaniswa ne-ferret, i-marten noma i-mongoose - futhi impela, kunokufana okujwayelekile kwangaphandle nesilwane ngasinye.
Igama lesiNgisi elithi kvolla lisho ukuthi "ikati lomdabu laseMpumalanga" - noma kunjalo, lingaqhathaniswa nekati kuphela ngenxa yobuncane balo.
Ngempela, isisindo esikhulu kwabesilisa singamakhilogremu ama-2, kwabesifazane - noma ngaphansi, cishe ikhilogremu elilodwa, nobude bomzimba, ngokwesilinganiso, ngamasentimitha angama-40.
Esithombeni, isilwane yi-kwoll
Umsila we-quoll mude impela, usuka kumasentimitha ayi-17 kuye kwangama-25, umbozwe ngoboya. Imilenze imifushane, eyangemuva inamandla futhi inamandla kunaleyo yangaphambili. Isifonyo siwumngcingo, sikhombe ngasekhaleni, sinamadlebe amafushane, ayindilinga.
Uboya be-quoll buthambile kakhulu, buyisilika futhi bukhulu. Umbala wayo uyahluka ngokukhanyayo okuphuzi ngokuya kokucishe kube mnyama, ngemicikilisho emincane nencane emhlophe, esakazeke yonke indawo ngemuva.
Isici esivelele se-qualls ukuba khona kwesikhwama esincane esine-fluffy esiswini sowesifazane, esakhiwa ngamaphakethe esikhumba. Esimweni esijwayelekile, icishe ingabonakali, kepha lapho insikazi ilungiselela ukubonakala kwamawundlu, iphakethe (noma isikhwama semifino) liyanda ngosayizi, izingono ziyabonakala.
Iphakethe linokwakheka okuthokozisayo - alivuli njengakwamanye ama-marsupials, ngokwesibonelo, kwi-kangaroo, kodwa libuyele emsileni, ukuze izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zithole ithuba lokugibela ngokushesha ephaketheni ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa futhi zinamathele kunina.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezaziwayo zemarsupial marten:
- brindle,
- mfushane,
- I-marsupial marten kaGeoffroy,
- iguinea elisha,
- ithusi marsupial marten,
- i-marsupial marsupial kwoll.
Okukhulu kunazo zonke yi-tiger marsupial marten, isisindo esilinganisiwe salezi zilwane cishe singama-5 kilogram. Bheka ku- kwolla awukwazi kuphela esithombeni - muva nje, lezi zilwane zilethwe e-Zoo yaseMoscow, lapho zivela khona eLeipzig - umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuzalela lezi zilwane ekuthunjweni, futhi seziqale ngempumelelo ukuzalanisa.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-quoll zidabuka e-Australia naseTasmania, kuyilapho i-bronze neNew Guinean marsupial martens zihlala eNew Guinea. Ngeshwa, endaweni yase-Australia, ama-quall, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, cishe awasindanga - ikakhulukazi izilwane zihlala endaweni yesiqhingi saseTasmania.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amanani abo ancipha kakhulu ngenxa yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labadla izambane likapondo ngekhulu elidlule labhujiswa ngabalimi ngenxa yokungena kwabo ezinkukhu kanye nonogwaja.
Kuze kube manje, zonke izikhuthazo zase-Australia zibhalwe ku-International Red Book njengoba zisondele kakhulu engozini. Kwenziwa imizamo yokubuyisa inani lalezi zilwane ezidlayo.
Kuhlalwa yi-kwoll hhayi emahlathini kuphela, itholakala emadlelweni nasemadlelweni e-alpine, ezindaweni ezinamanzi kanye nasezigodini zemifula, ezindaweni ezinamagquma. Kwasukasukela, ama-kwolls ahlala ngenjabulo ngisho nasophahleni lwezindlu ezizimele.
Quall - isilwane ebusuku. Emini icasha ezikhoselweni, okuyizimbobo zezihlahla, imifantu enamadwala noma imigodi, futhi izingela ebusuku. Iqiniso elimangalisayo - isilwane ngasinye, njengomthetho, sinemigodi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye, "sihamba" ngokulandelana sisuka kwesinye siye kwesinye.
Ngenxa yezidladla ezithuthukisiwe nomsila omude oguquguqukayo, i-marsupial marten ikhuphuka ngokugqamile ezihlahleni, kepha ayithandi ukuyenza ngokweqile, ikhetha indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni - izilwane zigijima ngokushesha futhi zigxume kahle. Lesi yisilwane esisebenza kakhulu, esishesha futhi esisheshayo.
U-Quall ungumnikazi wama-mink amaningi ngasikhathi sinye
Ama-quolls awahlali ngamaqembu - ngohlobo lwawo angama-loners, ngalinye ligada indawo yalo ngomona ngokumemeza okukhulu nangokuhayiza. Ama-Quolls atholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Abancintisana kakhulu nama-marsupial martens ngamakati asendle, izinja nezimpungushe, okuthi, ekulweleni ukudla, bavame ukuhlasela izilwane bese bezixosha ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Ama-Quolls avame ukuba yizisulu zikasathane waseTasmania - isihlobo sabo esiseduze kakhulu.
Ukudla
Ama-quolls acishe abe omnivorous: izinambuzane neziphungumangathi zazo, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni namaqanda ezinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, zingaba yisisulu sazo; ngeke kube nzima kubo ukubulala izinkukhu.
I-quoll ayikudeleli ukubola, ukudla okusele kudliwe ngesigamu okuvela kwezinye izidalwa. Izilwane azondli ngokudla kwezilwane kuphela - zizimisele ngokudla amahlumela aluhlaza otshani, amaqabunga, izithelo ezivuthiwe kanye namajikijolo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwama-quolls siqala ebusika - lesi yisikhathi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Indoda ithola insikazi ngephunga - imaka insimu ngamabomu, ishiye imikhondo enephunga. Abesilisa banolaka phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana, balwa ngonya nabancintisana nabo, futhi bangabulala insikazi. Ekupheleni kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, sebekhathele kakhulu.
Insikazi izala amawundlu cishe amasonto amathathu. Zizalwa zincane, zinobude obuyi-5mm kuphela futhi zinesisindo sama-milligram ambalwa. Amathole azalwa kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8, kepha kungahle kube khona kweshumi nambili.
Izinga lokusinda kwamawundlu ngqo lincike ekutheni ngubani owaba ngowokuqala ukuncela izingono - insikazi inezingu-6 sezizonke.Ngesikhwameni, imvuthu ikhula cishe amasonto ayi-8 kuya kwayi-9, bese kuqala imizamo yokushiya umama noma ukunyakaza, ibambe iqolo.
Esithombeni, i-quall enamawundlu
Bafunda ukuthola ngokuzimela ukudla eduze kwezinyanga ezingama-4-5, endaweni ethile ngasikhathi sinye bayayeka ukudla ubisi lukamama. Ekuqaleni kwempilo ehlukile, ama-quolls amancane avame ukufa. Ngonyaka owodwa, amawundlu ekugcineni akhula, ayavuthwa ngokocansi.
Ama-Quall yizilwane ezisengozini enkulu, ngokwemvelo azihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka engu-3-5. Ekuthunjweni, bagxila kahle futhi bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7.
