I-Tsetse fly kungezimpukane zomndeni wakwaGlossinidse, okukhona kuzo izinhlobo ezingaba amashumi amabili nantathu. Iningi lezinambuzane zalo myalelo liyingozi ethile kubantu, ikakhulukazi i-tsetse fly bite kubhekwa njengesithwali sezifo eziyingozi ezinjenge- "sleepy" noma "revolver", ezithinta izinkomo.
Mayelana ne-tsetse fly Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izihlobo zakhe eziqondile zazihlala emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amathathu edlule. Ngandlela thile, noma yimuphi umuntu, cishe noma ngubani, kusukela kubafundi bamabanga aphansi ezikole zamabanga aphakeme, wezwa igama lalesi sinambuzane okungenani onqenqemeni lwendlebe yakhe.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwezimpukane
Ukundiza kwempukane le-tsetse kunzima ukuzwa "ngendlebe enqunu", okuthi, ngokuhlangana nobukhulu obunesizotha (ubukhulu obujwayelekile buhluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 mm), kunikeza lezi zinambuzane udumo olufanelwe kahle "lwababulali abathule".
Bheka nje isithombe se-tsetse flyukuqonda ukuthi ukubukeka kwazo kufana nezimpukane esizijwayele, kepha kunokwehluka kwawo. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe "proboscis" lutholakala ekhanda lesinambuzane, lapho impukane ye-tsetse ingabhobozi nje kuphela isikhumba somuntu esibucayi, kodwa futhi nesikhumba esiwugqinsi sezilwane ezifana nendlovu noma inyathi.
Ibukeka kanjani impukane ye-tsetse?? Iningi labantu limpunga-mphuzi ngombala. Umlomo walesi sinambuzane uqukethe inqwaba yamazinyo abukhali amancane, lapho i-tsetse fly iququda ngqo emithanjeni yegazi ukukhipha igazi.
Amathe aqukethe ama-enzyme avimbela igazi lesisulu ekunqandeni. Ngokungafani nomiyane, lapho abesifazane bencela igazi kuphela, izimpukane ze-tsetse zabo bobabili ubulili ziphuza igazi. Ngesikhathi sokumunca igazi, isisu sesinambuzane sikhula ngosayizi omkhulu.
I-Tsetse fly e-Afrika uhlala cishe yonke indawo. Kunohlobo olulodwa oluhlala e-Australia. Lezi zimpukane zikhetha ukuhlala ngqo emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo noma eduze kwamanzi, ngokuvamile ziphoqa abantu ukuba bashiye amadlelo amahle nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zezolimo.
Njengamanje, impukuvane ayibeki ingozi ethile ezilwaneni zasendle, kepha iyinhlekelele yangempela yemfuyo, amahhashi, izimvu nezinja. Esinye sezilwane ezimbalwa ezingaphatheki nakancane ngokulunywa yilezi zimpukane ezinobuthi ngamadube, ngoba umbala wazo omnyama nomhlophe uzenza "zingabonakali" ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi.
I-Tsetse fly - othwala ubuthi obuhlukahlukene kusuka kwesinye isilwane kuya kwesinye, ngenkathi ingenabo ubuthi bayo ngakho-ke ukuluma kungenza ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ingozi enkulu kubantu i-tsetse fly - isifookwaziwa ngokuthi "ukulala".
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi, ngemuva kokulunywa yimpukane enobuthi, ungajahi ukuthola usizo lwezempilo, umuntu uwela ku-coma isikhathi esiyisonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ngokunye ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ukugula kokulala kungakhula noma unyaka wonke, kancane kancane kuguqula umuntu abe "imifino". Ngaphandle kwamadube ashiwo ngenhla, iminyuzi, izimbongolo nezimbuzi kuphela ezivikelekile ekulunyweni yi-tsetse.
Phezu kokuthi i-tsetse fly iyinkinga enkulu kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, isisombululo esiphelele asikatholakali. Ngokumangazayo, kepha ngenkathi ososayensi bezabalaza ukuxazulula le nkinga, ku I-Ethiopia izalela izimpukane ze-tsetse ze ukuze kuliwe nokuhlasela kwalezi zinambuzane ezinobuthi.
Abesilisa bakhanyiselwa ngemisebe ye-gamma, ngemuva kwalokho balahlekelwa ukuzala kwabo. Ibuye isebenzise indlela "yomgibe" eyenziwe ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi igcwaliswe ngamakhemikhali abulala izinambuzane.
Njengoba lesi sinambuzane siyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni nakubantu, kubhekwa njengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu kuma-hard drive I-Seagate - "UTsetse flyยป, Iyakwazi ukukhubaza i-hardware yekhompyutha yakho.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yempukane i-tsetse
I-tsetse fly inejubane elikhulu lokundiza nokusinda okukhulu. Isinambuzane sinolaka olukhulu futhi sihlasela noma yini ehambisa futhi ikhiphe ukushisa, kungaba yisilwane, umuntu noma imoto.
Kule minyaka eyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu edlule ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, kube nomzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nalesi sinambuzane esiyingozi. Kwesinye isikhathi laze lafinyelela nasezinyathelweni zokuphelelwa yithemba ngokuphelele, njengokugawula zonke izihlahla ngaphandle kokukhetha ezindaweni zokuhlala impukane i-tsetse ngisho nokudubula izilwane zasendle ngobuningi.
Okwamanje kunemithi yokugula okulele, ephathwa yimpukane, kepha inenqwaba yemiphumela emibi (ukuhlanza, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, isicanucanu, nokunye okuningi). Okwamanje, kunesidingo esibucayi semithi yokulunywa yizimpukane eziningi.
I-Tsetse fly ukudla
Impukane yetsetse yisinambuzane esondla kakhulu egazini lezilwane zasendle, imfuyo nabantu. I-sposcoscis esimpukane ihlaba ngisho nesikhumba esimba kakhulu sezilwane ezifana nendlovu nobhejane.
Ifika buthule ngokwanele, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyibona ngesikhathi. Lesi sinambuzane siminzile kakhulu, futhi ngesinye isikhathi impukane yetsetse iphuza igazi eliningi elilingana nesisindo salo.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yempukane i-tsetse
Umjikelezo wempilo yempukane ye-tsetse cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi abalingani besifazane nabesilisa kanye kuphela. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ikhiqiza ngqo isibungu esisodwa kaningi ngenyanga. Izibungu ngokushesha ziqala "ukugobhoza" zingene enhlabathini emanzi, lapho kwakhiwa khona iziphungumangathi ezinsundu kubo, ziphenduke izimpukane ezivuthiwe ngokocansi ngenyanga.
Izinsikazi zempukane i-tsetse ziyi-viviparous, zithwala lesi sibungu ngqo esibelethweni isonto elilodwa nohhafu. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, insikazi yalesi sinambuzane imvamisa ithwala izibungu ezisukela kweziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Isibungu ngasinye sithola ukudla ngendlela yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ubisi lwe-intrauterine". Ngenxa yesinye se-enzyme "yobisi" olunjalo, i-sphingomyelinase, kwakhiwa ulwelwesi lweseli, oluvumela isibungu ukuthi siphenduke impukane.
