Isihloko esihle (lat. Parus major) iyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwawo wonke ama-titmice. Ngeka-oda labantu abadlulayo. Ubukhulu bungafika ku-14 cm, kanti isisindo singu-14-22 g kuphela.
Ungahlangana nayo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eCaucasus, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia nasendaweni yase-Amur.
Incazelo yetit: umbala ogqamile futhi omuhle wesisu - ophuzi noma ulamula, onomugqa omnyama we-longitudinal. Kungenxa yakhe titmouse esithombeni ngisho nengane izobona.
Umugqa osesiswini emadodeni uvuleka uye ezansi, kanti kwabesifazane, kunalokho, uyancipha. Izihlathi kanye ne-nape emhlophe njengeqhwa, futhi ikhanda ngokwalo limnyama.
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva. I-tapered emnyama, iqonde, isifinyezo somlomo nomsila omude. Iphiko limpunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemigqa ekhanyayo eguqukayo.
Isihloko esihle
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwe-tit
Abaningi abazi inyoni efudukayo tit noma cha... Kepha lo ngumuntu ohlala unomphela emadolobheni ethu.
Kuphela ngesikhathi sendlala enkulu ebusika obuneqhwa lapho imihlambi ifudukela ezindaweni ezilungele ukusinda.
Lapho nje kuvela imisebe yokuqala yelanga, emuva ngoFebhuwari, i-titmouse iba ngeyokuqala ukujabulisa abantu ngokutshiyoza kwayo.
Ingoma yeTit ukukhala futhi kuyefana nokukhala kwezinsimbi. "I-Tsi-chi-pi, in-chi-in-chi" - ne-sonorous, - "pin-pin-chrrzh" yazisa izakhamizi zamadolobha ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo okuseduze.
Basho nge-titmouse ngokungathi ngesithunywa selanga sentwasahlobo. Esikhathini esifudumele, ingoma iba yinkimbinkimbi kancane futhi ibe nesidina: "I-Zin-zi-ver, zin-zin."
Lalela izwi lenyoni tit
Lolu hlobo luhlala lungumngane wabantu; i-tit ihlala emahlathini nasemapaki amadolobha amakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi iziphatha kanjani tit esibhakabhakeni... Indiza yakhe yisayensi yokuthi ungandiza kanjani ngokushesha futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukonga amandla umane ubabazwe ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Isiphephelo esingajwayelekile samaphiko aso amahlandla ambalwa - inyoni yandizela esibhakabhakeni, yabe isibonakala ngathi yehlela phansi, ichaza ama-parabolas amnene emoyeni. Kubonakala sengathi indiza enjalo ayinakulawulwa, kepha futhi bayakwazi nokuhamba ngaphansi kwehlathi.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yetit
Inyoni engakwazi ukuhlala nje izole. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sendleleni. Indlela yokuphila uqobo iyathakazelisa amabele, nezici zayo aqukethe ukuhlanganisa amatshwele asekhulile ekwindla kanye nabazali bawo kanye neminye imindeni ibe imihlambi emincane, cishe amakhanda angama-50 esewonke.
Inyoni encane ithatha wonke umuntu ayise emihlambini yayo. Ngokubambisana nabo, ungabona ngisho nezinyoni zezinye izinhlobo, isibonelo, amantongomane.
Kepha bambalwa kuphela babo abazosinda kuze kufike intwasahlobo, bebulawa yindlala. Kepha lokhu kungukuhleleka kwangempela kwamahlathi nezingadi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo zidla izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi. Ibele elilodwa kuphela lamabele, elondla inzalo yalo, livikela izihlahla ezingafika kuma-40 ezisensimini ezinambuzaneni.
Kungalesi sikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela lapho umhlambi uzohlukana ngababili futhi uhlukanise ngokusobala indawo yokudla, elingana cishe namamitha angama-50.
Inyoni ejabule futhi ephilayo, ngesikhathi sokudla izilwane ezincane, iphenduka izidalwa ezimbi nezinolaka, ixosha bonke abancintisana nabo endaweni yayo.
Ukudla kwe-Tit
Ebusika, i-tit enkulu isivakashi esivamile kubaphakeli. Udla okusanhlamvu futhi atshale imbewu ngenjabulo.
Ehlobo, ithanda ukuzondla ngezinambuzane nezicabucabu, ebheka ngeziqu zemithi noma emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Uma unesineke, ebusika, ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, i-tit izofunda ukuthatha ukudla entendeni yesandla sakho evulekile.
I-crested tit ibizwa ngokuthi yi-grenadier yezimpaphe ezisekhanda ezifana nesigqoko se-grenadiers
Kwabesilisa besithupha esigaxelwe amadevu, izimpaphe ezimnyama zisuka emehlweni, leyo nyoni yaqanjwa ngayo
I-Marsh tit noma i-powderpuff
Ngokungafani nozakwabo, i-tit enkulu ayigcini ubusika, kepha ngenjabulo idla ukudla okugcinwe ezinye izinhlobo.
Lezi zinhlobo zamabele zondla amaphuphu ngosizo lwezibungu, ubude bomzimba wazo obungadluli isentimitha elilodwa.
Ukufanekiswa kuyisondli samabele
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
IBolshaki yizinyoni ezizodwa, esehlukane ngababili, ziqala ukwakha isidleke ndawonye, ukuze zikhulise amaphuphu ndawonye.
Ukhetha tit enkulu (njengoba lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi) isidleke ehlathini elincanyana elincanyana, ngasogwini lomfula, emapaki nasezivandeni. Kepha emahlathini e-coniferous ngeke uthole isidleke se-titmouse.
Isidleke indawo amabele emigodini yezihlahla ezindala noma emigodini yamabhilidi. Izidleke ezindala ezashiywa yizakhamuzi zangaphambili endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amabili kuya kwayisithupha ukusuka emhlabathini nazo zizohlela inyoni. Izinyoni ngokuzithandela zihlala ezindaweni zokwakha izidalwa ezenziwe umuntu.
Isidleke seTit emgodini wesihlahla
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izinyoni, ezijabule kakhulu futhi zingenakho ukuphumula, ziba nolaka kozakwabo.
Ukwakha isidleke, kusetshenziswa iziqu ezincane zotshani namahlumela, izimpande nobulembu. Isidleke sonke simbozwe ngoboya, uboya bekotini, ubulembu, izimpaphe naphansi, kuthi phakathi kwalesi sigaxa kukhishwe isicupho esincane, esimbozwe ngoboya noma ngehhashi.
Uma ubukhulu besidleke ngokwabo bungahluka kakhulu, kuya ngendawo yokwakha isidleke, ubukhulu bethreyi bucishe bulingane:
- ukujula - 4-5 cm;
- ububanzi - 4-6 cm.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ku-clutch eyodwa ungathola amaqanda afinyelela ku-15 amhlophe, acwebezela kancane. Ebusweni bonke bamaqanda kusabalale amachashazi namachashazi ombala onsundu ngokubomvu, kwakheka i-corolla ohlangothini olubuthuntu lweqanda.
Ukubambezeleka isihloko amaqanda kabili ngonyaka: kanye ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kanti elesibili maphakathi nehlobo.
Clutch of amaqanda tit
Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda izinsuku eziyi-13, kanti eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi iyayondla ngokucophelela. Izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala, amaphuphu achanyuselwe ambozwe ngwevu phansi, ngakho-ke insikazi ayishiyi isidleke, ibafudumeze ngemfudumalo yakhe.
Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi wondla kokubili inzalo kanye naye. Lapho-ke, lapho amaphuphu eqala ukumbozwa izimpaphe, bobabili sebevele bondla inzalo yabo edlayo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-16-17, amaphuphu ambozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe futhi asevele elungele impilo ezimele. Kepha ezinye izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-9 bahlala besondelene nabazali babo, ababondla ngezikhathi ezithile.
Esithombeni kukhona iphuphu le-tit
Izilwane ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-9-10. Impilo ye-titmouse ehlathini ihlala isikhashana, iminyaka eyi-1-3 kuphela, kepha ekuthunjweni i-titmouse enkulu ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Lezi zinyoni ziwusizo olukhulu ekulimeni nasekutshaleni amahlathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, babhubhisa izinambuzane ezincane ngaphansi kwegxolo lamagatsha amancane, ezindaweni lapho abagawuli bezinkuni bengenakufinyelela khona.
Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukugcina lolu hlobo emvelweni. Ngempela, ngesikhathi samakhaza asebusika, lapho ukudla kungatholakali nje ngezinyoni, cishe ama-90% wamabele abulawa yindlala.
Inyoni eyondlekile ayesabi noma yiliphi iqabaka. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubondla phakathi nobusika.
