Ipanda enkulu - Lesi yisilwane esiyingqayizivele, esibizwa nangokuthi ibhele loqalo. Namuhla kukhona amathuba okuqothulwa okuphelele kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane ebusweni bomhlaba, maqondana nokuthi zifakwe kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba.
Amabhere woqalo awuphawu nengcebo kazwelonke yePeople's Republic of China. Banikezwa isihloko sokuhlonishwa kwesilwane esinqunyiwe emhlabeni wethu. Amabhere angomunye wabamele abathandekayo, basendulo nabangajwayelekile bezilwane emhlabeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-panda enkulu
Ipanda elikhulu liyisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama. Imelela umndeni webhere, ohlukaniswe nohlobo nezinhlobo zepanda enkulu.
Kuze kube manje, imvelaphi nokuvela kwebhere elimnyama nelimhlophe elimangalisayo akuqondakali ngokuphelele. Ukushiwo kokuqala kwalesi silwane, abacwaningi abakwazi ukukuthola endaweni engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePeople's Republic of China, kukhombisa ukuthi babekhona cishe eminyakeni engama-2750 edlule. Eminye imithombo ithi i-khan yasendulo yalezo zikhathi ezikude yayinengadi kanokusho lapho kwakuhlala khona ibhere elikhulu loqalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuzosiza ukuthola ukuthi izilwane, noma okhokho bazo, babekhona emhlabeni okungenani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili edlule.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezikhathini zasendulo, ipanda elikhulu laliyisipho esibaluleke kakhulu, esasethulwa njengesibonakaliso senhlonipho enkulu nenhlonipho kuphela kubantu abasezikhundleni eziphezulu, abahloniphekile.
Ngo-1869, umhloli wamazwe ongumFulentshi kanye nesithunywa sevangeli u-Armand David waya endaweni yasePeople's Republic of China. Wafunda ngenkolo yakhe, kanye nabameleli abafanayo abathandekayo nabangajwayelekile bezilwane zezilwane. Kwelinye lamadolobhana esifundazwe eSichuan, ocingweni, wathola isikhumba esimnyama nesimhlophe. Lesi sikhumba wasithola kubahlali bendawo ngemuva kokuthi betshele ukuthi ngesesilwane esihlala endaweni yakhona okuthiwa yi-bei-shung.
Ividiyo: IGiant Panda
Kuhunyushwe kusuka kolimi lwendawo, igama lesilwane lalisho "ibhere lentaba emhlophe". Umcwaningi wahambisa isikhumba sezilwane esithengiwe ezweni lakhe, futhi yena uqobo wanquma ukuqala ukusifuna. Uthole abazingeli bendawo abavuma ukumdayisela isilo esabulawa ekuzingeleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Armand David wamcubungula ngendlela abazingeli abamfundisa ngayo, futhi wamyisa ezweni lakhe. Sebethole umzimba wesilo esingakaze sibonwe namathambo aso, ososayensi baqala ukutadisha imvelaphi yaso bakha inkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Isikhathi eside, ama-panda ayebhekwa njengezihlobo zamabhere nama-raccoon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi abanakho okuncane okufana nezici zama-raccoon kunamabhere, futhi mhlawumbe nangaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezifundo zakamuva zofuzo, kwatholakala ukuthi banokufana okuningi namabhere kunama-raccoon.
Kuze kube manje, ayikho inkolelo ecacile yokuvela kwepanda elikhulu. Abaningi bambheka njengokhokho bamabhere anamuhla, noma abalandeli bama-raccoon amakhulu, noma ama-marten. Kodwa-ke, izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi lesi silwane esimangalisayo asihlali kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesilwane olukhona.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-panda enkulu yezilwane
Ngaphandle, ipanda elikhulu linesakhiwo somzimba esifana namabhere. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa bufinyelela kumamitha amabili, isisindo somzimba singama-150-170 kilograms. Amabhere amnyama namhlophe anekhanda elikhulu, elikhulu ngokuhlobene nomzimba kanye nomsila omfushane. Ukuphakama kwepanda elikhulu endaweni yehlombe kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-68-75.
Ukuhluka kwesilwane kulele kumbala waso ongajwayelekile - kushintshaniswa imibala emnyama nemhlophe. Izitho, amehlo, izindlebe nebhande lehlombe kumnyama. Uma ukude kubonakala ukuthi ibhere lifake izibuko, amasokisi nevesti. Izazi zezilwane namanje azikwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangele umbala ongajwayelekile we-panda enkulu. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nendawo yokuqala yokuhlala. Phambilini, ipanda elikhulu belihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, phakathi kweqhwa namaxhaphozi oqalo. Ngakho-ke, ukumakwa okumnyama nokumhlophe kwavumela izilwane ukuthi zingabonakali.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sepanda elikhulu yi-baculum, ithambo elenziwe lisuka ezicutshini ezixhumanisayo esifundeni se-penile. Ithambo elinjalo alitholakali kuma-pandas kuphela, kepha nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, kepha ithambo lawo liqondiswe phambili, futhi kumabhere woqalo libuyela emuva, futhi linokubukeka okumise okwama-S.
Amabhere woqalo anamahlombe amakhulu, anesisindo esikhulu, intamo enkulu nezitho zomzimba ezimfushane. Lesi sakhiwo somzimba sakha umuzwa wokuxakaniseka nokuvilapha. Ipanda elikhulu linemihlathi enamandla kakhulu efakwe amazinyo abanzi futhi acabalele. Lesi sakhiwo somhlathi sivumela ama-pandas ukuthi abambe kalula ku-bamboo onzima.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ipanda linohlelo oluthile lokugaya ukudla. Isisu sinezindonga eziwugqinsi kakhulu, ezinemisipha. Emathunjini kukhona ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwe-mucus - into ekhethekile ngosizo lokudla okuqinile futhi okunzima.
Esinye isici sesilwane ukwakheka kwezingalo zangaphambili. Baneminwe eyisithupha. Ezinhlanu zazo zibanjelwe ndawonye, kanti eyesithupha ibekelwa eceleni ibizwa ngokuthi "isithupha se-panda". Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi empeleni lo akuwona umunwe, kodwa inqubo ekhubazekile yamathambo, eyenzelwe ukusiza isilwane lapho sibambe amagatsha oqalo obukhulu.
Ihlala kuphi ipanda enkulu?
Isithombe: IGiant Panda Red Book
Izwe lebhere loqalo yiPeople's Republic of China. Kodwa-ke, nalapho, isilwane sitholakala kuphela ezifundeni ezithile.
Izifunda zepanda enkulu:
- UGansu;
- ISichuan;
- Shaanxi;
- I-Tibet.
Imfuneko yokuhlala ipanda ukuba khona kwamahlathi oqalo. Ingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamagquma, noma ama-coniferous, deciduous, noma amahlathi ahlanganisiwe.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-panda ayehlala cishe yonke indawo - kokubili ezinkangala nasemathafeni. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yabantu, kanye nokucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezilwane, kube nomthelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu be-panda enkulu. Labo bantu abambalwa abasele endle bakhetha ukucasha kude nezindawo ezihlala abantu ezintabeni.
Ukuphakama kwemithambeka yezintaba ezindaweni ezikhona kufinyelela kusuka kumamitha ayi-1100 kuye ku-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lapho kufika ubusika namakhaza, ama-pandas ehlela ezansi, endaweni ephakeme engadluli kumamitha ayi-800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngoba asikho isimo sezulu esibi kanjalo futhi kulula ukuthi izilwane zizitholele ukudla. Phambilini, indawo yokuhlala izilwane yayihlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezibanzi, kufaka phakathi i-Idokitai nesiqhingi saseKalimantan.
Idlani ipanda elikhulu?
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu le-panda
Ibhere lathola igama lesibili elithi "bamboo bear" ngenxa yokuthi umthombo walo wokudla ungoqalo. Kwenza 99% wokudla kwebhere. Ukuze uthole okwanele, umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga inani elikhulu lamaqabunga oqalo namahlumela - cishe ama-30-40 kilograms, kuya ngesisindo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-panda enkulu iyisilwane esidla ezinye, ingazondla ngezibungu zezinambuzane, izimbungulu ezincane, izikelemu, namaqanda ezinyoni. Lokhu kudla kunikezela ngemfuneko yamaprotheni. Ngaphezu kokudla komhlanga namaprotheni, izilwane ziyakujabulela ukudla amahlumela amancane namaqabunga amnandi ezinye izinhlobo zohlaza. Ama-pandas amakhulu adla ama-saffron ama-iris.
Uma igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa, ipanda liphathwa ngoswidi, isigaxa soshukela. Ngaphezu kokudla komoba, wondla ama-apula, izaqathe, okusanhlamvu oketshezi nokunye ukudla. Abasebenzi bamapaki kazwelonke nama-zoo, lapho i-panda ihlala khona ekuthunjweni, qaphela ukuthi lesi silwane asiziphathi kahle ekudleni futhi sidla cishe yonke into esiyinikezwayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izilwane zingadla ukudla ezihlahleni nasemhlabathini. Zisebenzisa amazinyo aqinile, anamandla ukuluma nokubamba amagatsha omhlanga. Amagatsha amade, anzima omhlanga namaqabunga ayaqoqwa futhi aphethwe yipanda ezingaphambili. Umunwe wesithupha usiza kakhulu kulokhu. Uma ubona ohlangothini, uzophawula ukuthi, yize kunamahloni angaphandle, isisindo nokuvilapha, izilwane zinobuciko obukhulu, zinobuciko futhi zisebenzisa imilenze ngokushesha futhi zisebenzisa umhlanga ojiyile, omude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngesamba esikhulu sokudla, izilwane zidla kuze kufike endaweni yokulahla. Ngakho-ke, kaningi bangaba ngamavila futhi baxakeke. Ngokushoda kokudla, ziyakwazi ukuthuthela kwezinye izifunda zifuna imibhede yomhlanga.
Amabhere woqalo awadli uketshezi oluningi. Isidingo somzimba samanzi sigcwaliswa amahlumela amancane, amnandi omhlanga namaqabunga aluhlaza, acishe abe yingxenye yamanzi. Uma kutholwa amanzi amaningi endleleni yabo, bayokujabulela ukudakwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-panda enkulu yezilwane
AmaPandas anikezwe ngokwemvelo amandla okuqamba futhi ngokushesha okukhulu ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, bakhetha ukuba semhlabathini isikhathi esiningi. Bangababhukudi abahle kakhulu. Izilwane ziyaqapha kakhulu futhi ziyimfihlo. Bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukucashela abantu. Mayelana nalokhu, abantu bebengazi lutho ngabo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukubuka izilwane ezihlala ekuthunjweni, abantu babona isimilo esihle kakhulu, nokuziphatha okuhle. Ama-bamboo bear aziphatha njengabameleli beqiniso begazi elihle.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isikhundla sasebukhosini sidluliswa ngokuziphatha okukhethekile, ikakhulukazi izimo ezingathathwa ngama-pandas. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, bavame ukuhlala sengathi bahlala endaweni ehloniphekile esihlalweni sobukhosi. Bancika ngemhlane yabo esihlahleni noma kolunye usizo, bangabeka umlenze ongaphezulu egqumeni bese bewela izitho ezingezansi.
Ayikho iphethini ecacile yokusebenza kwezilwane ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku. Zingasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Amabhere woqalo achitha amahora angafika kwangu-10-12 ngosuku efuna futhi adle ukudla. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo namazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphansi, angalala ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufani neze nobusika busuku.
Izilwane zikhetha ukuphila impilo eyodwa. Akujwayelekile ukuthi babekhona endaweni yeqembu. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso, esivikela kakhulu. Abesifazane bangabavikeli abashisekayo ikakhulukazi. Izilwane futhi azenzi amabhangqa amade futhi aqinile.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-pandas athathwa njengezilwane ezithule nezimfihlo, ajwayele ukuxhumana ngemisindo. Izingane ezibiza umama wazo zenza imisindo efana nokuhayiza noma ukukhala. Lapho ama-pandas ebingelela izihlobo zawo, akhipha okuthile okufana nokukhala kwezimvu. Intukuthelo nentukuthelo yamabhere oqalo kuvezwa ngomsindo. Uma isilwane singenzi imisindo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sikhombisa ukugedla kwamazinyo, kungcono ukugcina ibanga, ngoba ipanda lithukuthele futhi lithukuthele. Ngokuvamile, izilwane zinobungane kakhulu futhi azinalo nolaka nhlobo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Great White Panda
AmaPandas aziwa njengabanakekeli kakhulu, ababekezelayo nabakhathazekile. Izilwane zivame ukukhwelana kuphela isikhathi sobudlelwano bomshado. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka futhi siqala ngezinsuku zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Owesifazane ngamunye ovuthiwe angakhipha inzalo kabili ngonyaka futhi azale amawundlu ayi-1-2. Isikhathi lapho ukukhwelana kungaholela ekukhulelweni kuhlala kuphela izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ukukhula kombungu akuqali ngokushesha. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuya ekuqaleni kokukhula kombungu, kungathatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezingu-3-4! Ngakho-ke, imvelo ivikela abasebasha, ikhethe izimo zezulu ezithandekayo ngokuzalwa kwabo.
Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. Izingane zizalwa zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele - aziboni lutho, cishe azinaboya. Amathole azalwa emancane kakhulu. Isisindo sengane eyodwa sifinyelela ku-150 amagremu. Amantshontsho awavumelaniswa nhlobo nempilo emvelweni futhi ancike ngokuphelele kunina. Ibhere elincane, noma ngabe lenzani, lihlala liseduze kwengane yalo. Izinsana zidla kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Inani lokuphakelwa lifinyelela izikhathi eziyi-15 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, amawundlu anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amane, kuthi ngezinyanga eziyisithupha abe esethola okungaba yishumi.
Cishe inyanga, amawundlu aqala ukubona futhi kancane kancane ambozwe izinwele. Lapho befika ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, baqala ukuhamba. Izingane ziqala ukuhamba ngokuzimela futhi zihlole isikhala ngonyaka kuphela. Badla isilinganiso esifanayo sobisi lwebele. Badinga ezinye izinyanga eziyi-6-8 ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala impilo eyodwa.
Uma insikazi izala amawundlu amabili, imvamisa ikhetha eyodwa enamandla futhi esebenzayo futhi iqale ukuyinakekela futhi iyondle. Isiphetho sababuthakathaka kakhulu ukufa yindlala. Lapho kuzaliswa ekuthunjweni, abantu bavame ukulunyula ithole elinqatshiwe futhi balishintshe ngezikhathi ezithile ngewundlu eliqinile lize lizimele.
Isikhathi sokuthomba ngamabhele amnyama namhlophe siqala lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-7. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila samabhele woqalo ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-15-17. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila cishe cishe kabili kunokude.
Izitha zemvelo zama-pandas amakhulu
Isithombe: I-panda enkulu
Lapho iphila ezimweni zemvelo, ipanda cishe alinazitha phakathi kwezilwane. Ngokuhlukile okungajwayelekile, kungaba isisulu sengwe enamafu noma impisi ebomvu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane ziyivelakancane namuhla. Namuhla ibhere loqalo lingaphansi kokuvikelwa futhi linesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ukwehla okukhulu kwalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo kuyabonakala ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu.
Umuntu uhlala eyisitha esikhulu nesibi kunazo zonke zepanda. Amabhere ahlala ethambekele kakhulu ngomusa kubantu, kwesinye isikhathi awavumela asondele kuwo. Umuntu usizakala ngalokhu, ebulala izilwane ngokungenasihawu ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu, obugugu kakhulu emakethe emnyama. Imvamisa bazingela amabhere oqalo, bababambela e-zoo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-panda enkulu yezilwane
Namuhla i-panda enkulu ibhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba enesimo "sezinhlobo ezisengozini". Inani lezilwane ezimweni zemvelo alidluli izinkulungwane ezimbili zabantu. Ukwehla kwezibalo kwenziwa lula ukuzala okuphansi, kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho ngezinga elikhulu. Ukushoda komthombo wokudla kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezihlala izilwane ngokwemvelo nakho kunomthelela ekwehleni kwenani lazo. Ukukhula koqalo sekuqaphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, iyafa. Kuvela ukuthi amasimu aphela kanye namahlathi oqalo kumane kufe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi seCultural Revolution, azikho izinhlelo zokonga inani lezilwane ezazisebenza futhi zabulawa ngokungalawuleki ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu futhi obubiza kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, isintu ngokungazelelwe sawubona umonakalo omkhulu owenziwe kulolu hlobo. Ensimini yePeople's Republic of China, izinqolobane namapaki kazwelonke ayakhiwa, lapho azama ukudala zonke izimo zokulondolozwa kohlobo nokuzalaniswa kwalo. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amabhere woqalo awasebenzi kakhulu ocansini futhi avundile. Kulokhu, ingane ngayinye ezalwa ekuthunjweni kungenye ukunqoba okuncane kososayensi bezilwane.
Ukuvikela ama-pandas amakhulu
I-Giant panda Red Book
Ukuze kuvikelwe lolu hlobo lwezilwane, bafakwa kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba. EChina, ukubulala noma ukusika izitho zomzimba kubhekene nokujeziswa kanzima. Kuleli zwe, isilwane sithathwa njengengcebo kazwelonke.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngo-1995, umlimi wendawo wabulala isilwane. Ngaleli cala, wathola udilikajele.
Okwamanje, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu leziqiwu zemvelo namapaki kazwelonke, inani lamabhere oqalo likhula kancane kancane. Kunezindawo ezinqolobane ezinjalo eShanghai, Taipei, San Diego, Atlanta, Memphis, South Korea. Futhi, ama-pandas amakhulu azalela ekuthunjweni eNational Zoo yase-United States of America. Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu ngo-2016, isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushintshwa sashintshelwa ezinhlotsheni ezisengozini.
Ipanda enkulu ingenye yezilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezingavamile emhlabeni. Uyiqhawe lamakhathuni amaningi, isithombe sakhe sihlotshiswe ngenombolo enkulu yama-logo nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Isikhwama seWorld Wildlife asinjalo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-19: 23
