Inqe likaGriffonngokuba yisilwane esidla ezinye izilwane, ikhetha indawo yayo yokuhlala ezindaweni lapho kungatholakali khona kuphela izilwane zasendle, kodwa futhi nezimila zasendle.
Incazelo nezici
Inqe le-griffon lihlala e-Asia, e-Afrika, e-Peninsula yase-Arabia, esiqhingini saseSardinia naseSicily, kanye naseRussia Federation, eBelarus nasezindaweni zasendle ezingathintwanga ngumuntu. Le ndawo ifaka izindawo eziphakeme, amathafa, izingwadule, izingwadule, izindawo ezinamadwala.
Inyoni yakwaGriffon amanqe, okuyi-scavenger enkulu, enobude bomzimba obungu-90 kuya ku-115 cm, isisindo senyoni sifinyelela kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-12 kg, ngamaphiko amaphiko angu-0.24 kuya ku-0.28 metres. Abesifazane bahlala bancane kunabesilisa, abahlukile ngombala.
Ukuvela kwalenyoni kunombala obomvu ompunga kusuka ngemuva. Isisu sinombala omnyama, ngokuhlangene ne-goiter kunendawo ngokuvamile enombala onsundu onsundu. Entanyeni yenyoni, ikhola ine-fluff emhlophe obukhulu. Uqhwaku luphuzi futhi luhlaza-mpunga. Ama-paaw nawo anombala ompunga, amafushane ngobude.
Abantu abasha bahlukile kwabadala abanomthunzi. Le nyoni encane inomhlane onemibala emnyama, phansi okukhanyayo kwemingcele, okushintsha eminyakeni edlule futhi kuthole umbala omdala wale nyoni kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu.
Izinhlobo
Njengoba i-griffon vulture ingeyomndeni we-hawk, enezinhlobo ezilandelayo ezifanayo ngokubukeka komunye nomunye:
1. Ukhozi olusagolide;
2. I-Marsh (umhlanga) harrier;
3. Ukhozi Olunamabala Amakhulu;
4. Indoda enentshebe;
5. I-tuvik yaseYurophu;
6. IBuzzard enemilenze emibi;
7. Inyoka;
8. Unyazi;
9. Ikhayithi elibomvu;
10. UKurgannik;
11. IMeadow Harrier;
12. Ukhozi Olunamabala Angaphansi;
13. Inkinjana yokhozi;
14. Indawo yokungcwaba ukhozi;
15. Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe;
16. Odla iminyovu;
17. I-Field Harrier;
18. USteppe Harrier;
19. Ukhozi lwesitepe;
20. Inqe;
21. Inqe elimnyama;
Ikhayithi elimnyama;
23. IGriffon Vulture;
24. IGoshawk.
Ama-subspecies athile we-griffon vulture afaka:
1. Inqe evamile ye-griffon;
2. Inqe laseNdiya iGriffon;
3. Iqhwa leqhwa noma i-kumai.
Umndeni wonke wama-hawk uyefana ngosayizi, umbala, nemikhuba yezilwane. Ukuvela komlomo kunezici ezivamile: uqhwaku lunokunwebeka nemiphetho yokusika ebukhali. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezinyoni zalo mndeni izinyawo zinezimpaphe kuze kufike ezinzwaneni.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Uma sicabanga, khona-ke siyakubona lokho inqe le-griffon esithombeni inomsila omude, izimpiko ezibanzi, owesilisa ovuthiwe nowesifazane entanyeni ukhola obonakalayo onombala omhlophe phansi. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, ikhanda lenyoni lincane, izimpaphe ezisekhanda zisesimeni senganono emhlophe.
Ihlala eziqongweni zezintaba zeNyakatho Caucasus, le nyoni izondla ngokudla futhi ikwazi nokundiza kalula emoyeni. Le nyoni ikhetha indawo yokuhlala enezintaba namatshe ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ngoba kunzima ukuyisuka ezindaweni ezicabalele.
Indlela yokusuka kwamaphiko inamaphiko angavamile, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ukujula, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi inyoni iwe ezinsikeni, emaweni, ingathinti ubuso ngamaphiko ayo, futhi endaweni eyisicaba le phiko lamaphiko lenza kube nzima ukunyakaza nokusuka ngokushesha. Le nyoni yenza imisindo ethusayo lapho ixhumana nezihlobo.
Indawo eyomile yendawo abahlala kuyo yandisa amathuba okusinda kwabo, ngoba le nyoni ingeyabahlaseli, iyondla futhi iphile ngenxa yesidumbu. Isikhathi sokuphila sabantu abadala sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-25, kuma-zoo angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uhlobo oludlayo lohlobo olumhlophe luyazikhulumela, ngoba inyoni iyisilwane esidla ezinye, idla kuphela ingxenye yemisipha yezilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, inqe alidli amathambo noma isikhumba esilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwesidumbu, inyoni idla imfucumfucu yokudla eshiywe ngabantu.
Ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuyofuna, inqe elingu-griffon lilinda umoya ukuba ufudumale kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elidingekayo, bese liphuma liyofuna isidumbu. Ukusuka kumamitha ayi-800, le nyoni iskena indawo futhi ithole ukudla ngenxa yobuchule bayo obubukekayo.
Le nyoni iyona ehamba phambili ngaphezu kwezinyoni zesiyingi sayo, ngoba lapho isondela kwesidumbu, iba ngeyokuqala ukuqala ukudla, idabule inyamazane ngoqhwaku lwayo. Njengoba isidle konke okungaphakathi, inyoni ishiya isidumbu, futhi izihlobo ezisele ngokushesha zikuthatha ukudla okusele.
Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi umhlaba wezinyoni unobukhosi bawo. Inqe le-griffon linesici esimangazayo, njengoba selidle ngokwanele, lingahamba ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Le nyoni ithanda ukungaguquguquki, izidleke zayo ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, emithambekeni yezintaba, phakathi kwemifantu emadwaleni. Le nyoni ihlala emakoloni (kuze kufike kumabhangqa angama-20). Ukukhwelana kowesilisa nowesifazane kwenzeka phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi.
Insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa elimhlophe, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, iduna nensikazi, ziyashintshana, zifukamela iqanda izinsuku ezingama-50, zondle iphuphu izinsuku eziyi-130 ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa.
Amatshwele kaGriffon Vulture unezimpaphe zokuqala ezibheke phansi ezimhlophe, ngemuva kokuncibilika, ushintsho kuzimpaphe luthola isikhathi eside phansi futhi kungaba umthunzi kakhilimu noma ompunga. Ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, abesilisa nabesifazane abancane bavuthiwe ngokocansi, kepha baqala ukwakha izidleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Abesilisa, abafuna abesifazane ukudala imindeni yabo, baqala ukulungiselela kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Ukulungiselela kwabo kuqukethe ukulungisa izidleke ezindala noma ukwakha ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidleke ngasinye silukiwe ngamahlumela neziqu zotshani, izinti eziqinile.
Izinyoni zakha izidleke zazo ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kubantu nakwezinye izilwane, ngokwesibonelo, emgodini wedwala, kodwa izinkomo kufanele zidle eduze. Izidleke zingama-200 kuya ku-750 mm ukuphakama nama-100 kuya ku-3000 cm ububanzi.
Esikhathini esiningi, inqe legriffon linengalo eyodwa kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa uqala ukuheha insikazi ngesikhathi sendiza, wenza ubuqili obungavamile. Emhlabathini, ngenhloso yokuheha insikazi ekuhlanganiseni, eyeduna ikhombisa ukubukeka kwayo okuhle nobuso obugcwele, isakaze amaphiko ayo futhi ifulathele umsila wayo, ikhombisa ubuhle bezimpaphe zayo, ngenkathi idala ukucula okuhlabayo. Yonke le nqubo yenzeka kowesilisa esimweni esigobile.
Osayizi bamaqanda bangasuka ku-8 - 10 cm x 6.5 - 7.8 cm.Owesilisa nowesifazane bayazishintsha ngesikhathi sokufika kwamaqanda bezofuna ukudla. Abazali bondla ingane yabo ngokudla, abakubuyisele emlonyeni wabo. Hlobo luni lokudla oluphelele enganeni ngenxa yokuthi ithambile.
I-SIP Encane, ifunda ukundiza kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-3 noma ezi-4. Uqala ukuba namasu okundiza kusukela ngonyaka kuphela, abazali bakhe bayamvikela. Lapho ingane iqala ukundiza, wonke umndeni ungandiza usuke endaweni ethile uye kwenye, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwela ungabuyela endaweni yawo yakuqala.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi inqe le-griffon encwadini ebomvu noma cha, kufanele ivikelwe, njengoba isengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwabo sasuselwa kubantu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakukhona izinkolelo zokuthi inyoni ingumqhubi wamandla wobubi, ngezinzipho zayo intshontsha izingane ezincane ekhaya, ithwala izifo eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemininingwane ethembekile, izidleke zalezi zinyoni zabhujiswa emadolobheni ase-Europe, izinyoni uqobo lwazo, izinyoni zashiswa noma zafakwa ushevu, kanti futhi inyoni nayo yayizingelwa ngendlela yabantu abadala abadubulayo. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinyoni zaqala ukufuna izindawo ezingenamuntu zokuhlala kwazo, lapho kungasethwa unyawo lomuntu.
Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi abantu babengazi ukuthi inqe le-griffon alikwazi ukuhlasela abantu, lidle izilwane ezigulayo, nokuthi empeleni liyisilwane esingenabungozi. Ukudla kwakhe kuhlose ukuthola izilwane ezifile, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanzwe ukuhlanzwa kwendle. Indlela yokuphila ehlukanisiwe yale nyoni isiza ukuyenza ibe yodwa.
Kusukela emlandweni waseGibhithe lasendulo kuyaziwa ukuthi inqe ye-griffon yabulawa ubuhle bophaphe bayo kuphela. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuthathwa njengokunethezeka ukuba nezimpaphe zezinyoni ezidlayo ekhabethe lakho.
Njengamanje, abantu abacebile ngosizo lwabazingeli abazingeli babamba amanqe e-griffon ukuthola izindebe. Kwesinye isikhathi zishiywa ziphila ukuze zitotobise amehlo azo e-zoo yasekhaya noma ziwayise ngokungemthetho kwamanye ama-zoo emazweni ahlukahlukene.
UCollagen waseSpain naseFrance usemzabalazweni wokulwa nalezi zinkinga. Ngokuhlanganisa yonke imizamo yochwepheshe bezinyoni, bakwazile ukukhulisa inani lamahhashi ama-griffon hhayi eFrance nasePortugal kuphela, kodwa futhi baba nomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezinyoni ePyrenees.
Elinye iqiniso elihehayo ubudlelwano benqe emnyama kanye nenqe, okwenza ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi badideke bodwa. Inqe elimnyama lihlala eSpain, esiqhingini, naseGrisi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lahlangana eCaucasus naseAltai.
Abaqaphi bezinyoni baqaphele iqiniso elithandekayo lokuthi ngesikhathi semvula noma inkungu, amanqe e-griffon ahlala esidlekeni sawo, ngoba awakwazi ukubhekana nezimo zezulu ezingajwayelekile ezingabavumeli ukuthi babuke inyamazane yabo ngamehlo enyoni, futhi benze inqubo yokundiza ibe nzima.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi amanqe e-griffon kwesinye isikhathi, lapho egcwele izidumbu, awakwazi ukusuka futhi kufanele abuyise okunye kokudla abakudlile ukuze banciphise isisindo sokusuka.
Naphezu kobuningi bayo, inyoni inemilenze ebuthakathaka kakhulu, kodwa inamaphiko anamandla kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inezinzipho ezibuthuntu, ezingakwazi ukuzisebenzisa lapho zidla ukudla ukuqhekeza ingaphakathi lesisulu.
IGriffon Vulture eBelarus futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, ngakho-ke bayazama ukuyizala ezimweni zokufakelwa, noma bangaphazamisi ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwemvelo eziqiwini.
Uma umuntu ethatha isinqumo sokuhlasela inyoni elimele noma nje enokuthula, inqe le-griffon lizoqala ukuzivikela ngokuhlasela umuntu ngoqhwaku nangezinzipho zalo. Inqe legriffon livamise ukudideka nenqe leqhwa ngenxa yombala walo wezimpaphe.
