I-Sumatran barb - izinhlanzi zamanzi angenasawoti ezihlala maphakathi ne-aquarium. Inokubukeka okuhle okuheha ama-aquarist amaningi futhi ithandwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ayilungele wonke ama-aquariums. Lezi zinhlanzi zinomoya oqinile, ngakho-ke kufanele zinakekelwe lapho uzigcina ku-aquarium eyabiwe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sumatran Barbus
I-barb yaseSumatran ivela emndenini we-carp futhi igama layo lesayensi yi-Puntius tetrazona. Le nhlanzi ivela e-Indonesia eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kunezinhlobo ze-albino nezinhlobo eziluhlaza, zonke zibhukuda ngokushesha futhi zithanda ukugcona ezinye izinhlanzi. Bayazibhukuda kakhulu, bayabhukuda kakhulu, njalo bahamba emanzini avulekile, futhi bayathanda ukugijimisa nokuluma amaphiko ezinye izinhlobo ezinokuthula. I-barb yaseSumatran isengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ividiyo: ISumatran Barbus
I-barb yaseSumatran iyinhlanzi eyanda ngokujwayelekile e-aquarium. Kuyinto engcolisayo enkulu nomthengi omkhulu womoya-mpilo odinga ukuhlunga okuhle nokushintsha kwamanzi njalo. Ungumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, ubude be-aquarium yakhe yedwa kufanele okungenani bube yi-1m 20 cm.Ukugwema ukuhlaselwa nezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuzigcina ku-10 minima. Ubuhle nokuziphatha kwayo kuzobonakala kangcono e-aquarium ebanzi enenkampani enhle kunokuba yedwa e-aquarium, yize ukuguquguquka kwayo nolaka lwayo kwenza kube nzima ezinhlotsheni eziningi ukuba ziphile.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: Izinhlanzi ezinempilo zizoba nemibala emihle, ecebile, kanye nemibala ebomvu enqeni yomsila, amaphiko nekhala.
I-Sumatran Barb kulula ukuyigcina futhi izofinyelela usayizi ophakeme we-7-20 cm ngemuva kokufika ekuvuthweni, ikwenze kube lula ukugcinwa ku-aquarium.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ibarbus yaseSumatran
Isimo somzimba webhasi leSumatran siyi-convex, umlomo uyindilinga, ngaphandle kwezinsipho. Ulayini we-lateral awuphelele. Umbala ojwayelekile umhlophe-silvery, imihlane inombala onsundu womnqumo, izinhlangothi zinokukhanya okubomvu nsundu.
Umzimba unemivimbo emine emnyama eguqukayo enezimpawu zensimbi eziluhlaza:
- abokuqala bawela iso futhi bacishe bawele onqenqemeni olungezansi lwethambo le-branchial;
- owesibili, obekwe kancane ngaphambi komgogodla, ngokomthetho udlulela kulayini we-ventral, kepha uyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi awukho nhlobo;
- okwesithathu kuseduze nendawo enkulu emnyama ehlala sonke isisekelo sangemuva futhi enwetshiwe ngaphansi kwendunu;
- umugqa wesine unqamula i-caudal peduncle.
Amaphiko ezinqeni nombala we-dorsal abomvu ngokugqamile, amaphiko endunu ne-caudal acishe abomvu ngombala, ngokuhlukahluka kuye ngobudala benhlanzi. Impumulo icishe ibe bomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinguquko ezingahleliwe ezincanyana noma ezincane: isifunda esimnyama sesisu namehlo anombala noma i-albino, noma isifunda sesisu esiluhlaza okomnyama.
I-barb yaseSumatran yinhlanzi enhle enemigqa emnyama. Ngokuphila kweminyaka emihlanu, i-barb yaseSumatran ingakhula ifike kuma-7 cm ebudaleni.
Ihlala kuphi ibarbus yaseSumatran?
Isithombe: I-Red Sumatran Barbus
Isuka eziqhingini zaseSumatra naseBorneo, lolu hlobo lumelwe kabanzi futhi lukhuliswa emazweni amaningi njengenhlanzi yokuhlobisa, kepha ezinye zibalekele emifudlaneni yendawo. Umgodi weSumatran ungoweqembu lama-tiger barbs anemishwe avela esifundeni se-Indo-Malay. Isilwane kunzima ukusihlela. Eduze kwayo kukhona ibhavu enemigqa emine yeNhlonhlo YaseMalay, ehlukaniswa ngothi lwezimpondo ezimfushane ezingama-maxillary nokunye umehluko.
Womabili la mafomu angeniswe cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo (ngo-1933 - 1935 eJalimane); kodwa-ke, ngenkathi umgqomo waseSumatran usungomunye wezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-hobbyists, i-barb enemigqa emine ilahlekelwa umhlaba, iba yinto engandile ezimakethe. Uhlobo olukhulu iBarbus oluvela emndenini omncane waseBarbinae luhlala emanzini ahlanzekile aseYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Phakathi kweziqeshana eziningi, okuthi, ngokuya ngezimo, kuthathwe njengobulili noma ama-subgenus.
Okulandelayo kufanele uqaphele:
- IBarbus;
- IPuntius;
- ISystomus;
- Capoeta;
- AmaBarbodes.
Abanye ababhali babeke zonke izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlobo ezingaphandle kohlobo lwePuntius, kanti uhlobo lweBarbus lusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Abanye ababhali babahlukanisa phakathi kukaPuntius, uCapoeta noBarbode. Ekugcineni, uhlobo lweSystomus lunqoba ngo-2013, kepha udokotela waseSwitzerland uchthyologist u-Maurice Kottelat wabeka lolu hlobo kuGenus Puntigrus entsha ngoNovemba 2013 ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwesibizo.
Emvelweni wayo wemvelo, umgqomo weSumatran uhlala emanzini ane-asidi. Ukuqiniswa kwamanzi kuvela ekubolile kwezitshalo. Lesi simo siguqula umbala wamanzi, ojika ube nsundu. Kwezinye izindawo ezicebile ikakhulukazi ezintweni eziphilayo, amanzi aguqulwa kakhulu aze abonakale njengamnyama. Lezi zinhlobo zikhula ekujuleni okujulile ezindaweni ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezitshalo (izitshalo zasemanzini nezimbotshana, izinto ezibolayo ezibolayo, amagatsha, njll.). Inhlabathi ivame ukuba nesihlabathi kanye ne-humus. I-barb yaseSumatran iyinhlanzi ephila ngokwemvelo emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-26 ° C no-29 ° C. I-pH yamanzi isukela ku-5.0 kuye ku-6.5.
Idlani ibarbus yaseSumatran?
Isithombe: I-Sumatran barb e-aquarium
I-barb yaseSumatran iyi-omnivore futhi izokwamukela konke ukudla okunikezwa izinhlanzi zasemanzini, kepha inokukhetha ukudla okuphilayo. Endle, i-barb izondla ngezibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane nezinto zezitshalo. Akufanele ubadlulise ngokweqile, ngoba abazi ukuthi bazikhawulela kanjani ezidingweni zabo.
Bazodla cishe noma yini obanikeza yona, kufaka phakathi izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi ezishisayo. Konke ukudla kufanele kufakwe ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-3. Lapho ukondla ama-Sumatran barbs, ungashintshanisa ukudla okubukhoma nokwomile, kepha ungakhohlwa ngemifino.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abesilisa baseSumatran barbs banemibala egqamile, kanti abesifazane banemizimba ethambile.
Ukudla okomile kufanelekile ukuzondla, kepha lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukudla okuphilayo noma, uma kungekho, zingadla iqhwa: i-brine shrimp, i-tubifex, i-grindala, izibungu zomiyane, i-daphnia, njll. Ingxenye yokudla kwabo kufanele kube imifino ngendlela ye-algae (isibonelo, spirulina). Kunconywa nenhlanzi yemifino ngokukhetha ukudla kwansuku zonke.
Ama-Sumatran barbs ayizinhlanzi ezinemibala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubanikeza ukudla okuzosekela umbala wabo nobungqabavu bawo wonke. Ukwengeza ukudla kwabo kwamaprotheni, lezi zinhlanzi zizojabula ukuthola ukudla okungajwayelekile kokudla okomisiwe nokudla okubukhoma, kufaka phakathi ukhukhamba, i-daphnia nokunye.
Manje wazi konke ngokuqukethwe yi-Sumatran barbus. Ake sibone ukuthi izinhlanzi zihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Owesifazane weSumatran Barbus
I-barb yaseSumatran inezinhlamvu eziningi. Kungaba nolaka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kugcinwa ethangini elincane. Njengama-barbs amaningi, uyasebenza kakhulu futhi unamandla, unesimo sokuzijabulisa futhi kufanele aphile nomuntu oseduze (kufanelekile ukwenza iqembu lowesilisa oyedwa kuya kwabesifazane ababili). Lapho i-aquarium inkulu, kulapho le nhlanzi izoba nokuhlakanipha nezinye izinhlobo.
Ngempela, abesilisa kunalokho bathambekele ekuxabaneni futhi baqhubeke nokulwa bodwa ukuze babhekwe ngabesifazane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubudlova buzohlala buhambisana kakhulu. Uzobona nemibala emihle ngenkathi ugcina ama-Sumatran barbs ngamanani amakhulu: lawa angamadoda ancintisanayo azibonisa phambi kwabesifazane.
Lezi zinhlobo zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezinamatshe amaningi, izingodo, nemihlobiso yokubhukuda nokucasha kuyo. Ama-aquariums amade atshaliwe awadingeki, kepha azosiza ukugcina izinhlanzi zakho zijabule futhi azinike isikhala esanele sokuzala ngempumelelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoI-Sumatran barbs iyathanda ukwenza imithetho e-aquarium futhi ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi ijaha ezinye izakhamizi. Futhi banomkhuba omubi wokuluma kunoma yini enye ngaphandle kokudla: isandla, amazinyo enhlanzi, noma amaphiko. Uma igcinwe eqenjini elincane kakhulu noma iyodwa, le nhlanzi ingaba nolaka nezinye izakhamuzi ze-aquarium.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Fish Sumatran Barbus
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwebarbus yaseSumatran ku-aquarium kusalokhu kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha i-aquarium ekhethekile ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yezinhlanzi lapho usumdala. Beka igridi evikelayo ezansi kule aquarium (15 L) bese uhlobisa ngezitshalo ezinamacembe amancane njenge-moss. Yigcwalise ngamanzi bese uhlose ukushisa okungama-26 ° C ne-pH engu-6.5 / 7. Faka ukukhishwa kwe-peat uma kungenzeka. Lungiselela abazali bakho ngokubanikeza inqwaba yezilwane eziphilayo.
Lapho abesifazane bebonakala bengenasisindo, khetha ukubhangqa bese uwafaka ethangini elizalela. Abesilisa banolaka kakhulu futhi bangabulala ngisho nabesifazane abangakhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuzala kungenzeki kungakapheli amahora angama-24, kungcono ukuhlukanisa umbhangqwana bese uzama futhi emuva kwesikhathi. Wonke ama-barbs angama-oviparous. Amaqanda abekwa emaqandeni ayi-8 kuya ku-12 ngesikhathi samakilasi, avame ukuqalwa ngabesifazane.
Izinhlanzi zibuthana zodwa ezihlangwini zezitshalo futhi, ngokuzamazama okunamandla, zikhipha isando namaqanda (kufika ku-500 - 600). Ithileyi lamaqanda okungenani liyi-60 cm ubude.Igcwele amanzi amasha, okungcono i-pH 6.5-7 ne-fresh (oxygenated kahle), futhi ihlinzekwa ngezihlwathi eziningana zezitshalo noma ukwesekwa kokuzala okuzenzekelayo (mop type nylon fibers). Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi liphakeme kancane (2 ° C) kunelabafuyi.
Babeka amaqanda kusihlwa futhi, njengomthetho, awokugcina azolala kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni. Imisebe yelanga eliphumayo yenza lula le nqubo. Abazali baxoshiwe ekugcineni kokufakwa. Ukuchamisela kwenzeka phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48. Izinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa kufanele zondliwe ngama-ciliates ezinsukwini zokuqala ezi-4 noma ezi-5. Zikhula ngokushesha futhi, uma i-aquarium inkulu ngokwanele, abantu abasha babekela amaqanda eneminyaka eyi-10-12.
Izitha zemvelo zezihlahla zaseSumatran
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ibarbus yaseSumatran
Ama-barb eSumatran anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. ISumatra inokukhanya kwelanga okuningi futhi kulula ukubona lezi zinhlanzi emanzini acwebile. Kodwa umbala wabo ophuzi onemigqa emnyama usiza ukucasha ezitheni. Behlela esihlabathini phansi bese kwenzeka lapho phakathi kwamahlanga okhula, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukukubona lapho. Iziqu ezimnyama esihlabathini esiphuzi zifana nemivimbo emzimbeni weSumatran barbs.
Lolu hlobo lusongelwa yizifo. Zonke izifo zezinhlanzi zihlukaniswe izifo ezithathelwanayo (ezibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene) nokungathathelani (ngokwesibonelo, izifo zokuzalwa noma ubuthi ngenxa yesimo semvelo esibi). Ngokuvamile, ama-Sumatran barbs abonakala ngempilo enhle kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela agule. Izifo ezivame kakhulu abanazo zihlotshaniswa "nomlingiswa": bavame ukuzilimaza bona ngokwabo. Ukwelapha amacala anjalo kulula - indlala nokulamba kuphela. Kodwa-ke, njengabo bonke abahlali be-aquarium, kwesinye isikhathi baba nezifo ezithathelwanayo, kepha kunzima kakhulu kumuntu owenza amateur ngaphandle kochwepheshe ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile.
Noma imaphi amabala amhlophe emzimbeni wenhlanzi asho ukuthi izinambuzane ezilula kakhulu zihlala kuwo. Igama elivamile lalesi sifo yi-ichthyophthyriosis. Ukusakazwa kweprotozoan ku-aquarium kulula, futhi ukususa ama-parasites akuyona into elula. Uma amabala amhlophe akha ekhanda, eduze kwekhala, bese ephenduka izilonda, kungenzeka ukuthi inhlanzi ihlushwa yi-hexamitosis, esinye isifo se-parasitic. Kwesinye isikhathi, ushintsho olulula ekushiseni kwamanzi lungasiza ekwelapheni yomibili, kepha ukwelashwa okukhethekile okufana ne-miconazole noma i-trypaflavin kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Sumatran barbs
Abantu balezi zinhlobo abasongelwa izingozi zangaphandle. Izinhlobo ze-Sumatran barb zisakazeke kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwe-aquarium. Ukuze uyiqukethe, kungakuhle ukubeka okungenani abantu abayisishiyagalombili ku-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-160. Ngasikhathi sinye, insizakalo yeqembu iyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabo. Isilwane singaba nolaka uma kunezinye izinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezisizungezile. Ukuxuba izinhlobo eziningana ezihlala endaweni yemvelo efanayo akunconywa ngaphandle kokuthi ivolumu ifanele.
Njengoba umgqomo weSumatran ngokwemvelo uhlala emanzini ane-asidi, ukufakwa kwesihlungi se-peat kukulungele ukulinganisa. Ukwengezwa kwamaqabunga e-alder abolayo nezithelo kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimo zokugcina kwayo ngokwandisa ngokwemvelo i-asidi yamanzi. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala endaweni ecebile kakhulu ngohlaza. Ukwengeza ngezitshalo kuzomnikeza izindawo zokucasha ezahlukahlukene ezizonciphisa ukucindezeleka kwakhe. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwalezi zinhlobo, kunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe izinga le-nitrate elingaphansi kwama-50 mg / l, lenze ukuvuselelwa kwanyanga zonke kwamanzi angama-20% kuye kwangama-30%, futhi amanzi kufanele abe sezingeni lokushisa ekamelweni. Mayelana nempilo esebenzisekayo, umgqomo ophilile weSumatran uhlala iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwengu-10.
Ibhasi laseSumatran - Inhlanzi enhle kakhulu ongayigcina emanzini, kepha ukuhlala ndawonye nezinhlanzi ezithule nezincane kufanele kugwenywe. Le yinhlanzi esetshenziselwa ukubhukuda ngamaqembu futhi ngeke ikwazi ukukhula ngaphandle komakhelwane. Ngomakhelwane, isibonelo, izinhlanzi ze-tetra, i-zebrafish, isifo esinamabala zilungele yena.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: unyaka we-02.08.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 28.09.2019 ngo-11: 45
