I-corncrake imele abelusi, njengezinye izinyoni eziningi zalo mndeni, incane ngosayizi, evumela ukuthi ikwazi ukufihla ngempumelelo nokunyakaza otshanini. Futhi inelinye igama - idergach, ithathwa njengendebe ephumelelayo phakathi kwabazingeli ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuphila eyimfihlo.
Incazelo kukakhokho
Abantu abaningi baphawula ukufana kwesakhiwo senyoni esikhulile ye-crake nenkukhu yenkukhu yasekhaya ebusheni.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Umzimba we-corncrake unesimo esihlelekile, esicwecwe ezinhlangothini... Umbala wejezi ubomvu-mpunga, unemigqa emnyama yobude phezulu nokukhanya okuhambekayo nokubomvu esiswini. Isifuba nentamo yabesilisa zinombala ofanayo nowombala wonke, kepha zinamachashazi amnyama amancanyana, kepha kwabesifazane bangama-buffy.
Imilenze mide ngokwedlulele, kodwa mncane, njengezinzwane, kuyilapho zombili ziqinile, zenzelwe ukugijima ngokushesha otshanini obude nobunzima. Umbala wazo mpunga. Endizeni, ayizicoshi, futhi zilenga phansi, nokuyisici sayo esihlukile. Okuhlukile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufuduka: imilenze iyanwetshwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Usayizi ufana ne-thrush noma izigwaca. Ubude bomzimba bumaphakathi ngama-25-30 cm, isisindo - 150-200 g, ephikweni lempiko kuze kufike ku-50 cm.
Uqhwaku lumfushane, lujwayekile ngesimo, luqinile, luqondile, lukhombe, lunombala kusuka ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kuya kupinki. Umsila nawo mfushane; cishe awuhlukaniseki nenyoni emile. Izimpiko zibukeka zibomvana lapho zisuka.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo kakhulu: idla otshanini obude obumanzi (kepha obungenabuningi) emadlelweni asezindaweni eziphansi ezinamahlathi aminyene ezihlahla. Isici sokwakheka komzimba - ukwakheka okuqondisiwe, okuqala kusuka kuqhwaku, ukuthuthela ekhanda, esihlunwini nokuqhubeka - kwenza ukuthi ikhekhe lommbila lihambe emaforeni aminyene ngejubane elikhulu. Bazizwa bengazethembi kangako endizeni, futhi baphendukela kuyo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuphela ukuze bandize ibanga elifushane liphansi otshanini uma kunengozi enkulu futhi bacashe kuyo ngendlela abayithandayo - begijima, belula ikhanda labo phambili.
Le nyoni ibhekwa njengenyoni yasemhlabeni, kepha uma ifunwa noma kudingeka, ingabhukuda ithole nokudla emanzini angajulile. Uyakwazi ukuhlala emagatsheni, kepha ukhetha ukuhamba ngezinyawo zakhe. I-Crake kunalokho kusebusuku, okungenani emini umsebenzi wayo awubonakali. Kunezimo zomsebenzi okhethekile kusihlwa nasekuseni. Unamahloni, ucashela abantu, izilwane nezinye izinyoni.
Lezi zinja ezelusayo zihlukaniswa ngamazwi azo, okukhumbuza imisindo ye-creaking ekhiqizwe ekamu, uma uphoqa okuthile emazinyweni ayo, athola igama lesidlaliso elithi "ukukhala". Kwabanye, zifana nomsindo wendwangu yokudwengula. Kepha noma becula, bayakwazi ukuguqula amakhanda abo ukuze empeleni kube nzima ukuthola umthombo wabo. Kungenxa "yokuqhekeka" okuzwiwe kubo ukuthi bathole igama labo lesiLatini elithi Crex crex.
Futhi bayakwazi ukwenza eminye imisindo: ukuduma ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, ukukhipha okujulile "oh-oh-oh" lapho umama ebiza amaphuphu, ngokuqapha, ukububula okucindezelayo isikhathi eside uma kwenzeka esongelwa, ukukhwehlela okukhulu lapho ukhathazekile, njll.
Owesilisa uyakwazi ukucula ama-serenade akhe okukhwelana izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-30, ubusuku bonke, nasemvuleni nasesimweni sezulu esinamafu - ngisho nasemini. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuvunguza komoya okunamandla kungakuvimbela. Ngesikhathi se-molting (Julayi-Agasti) nasebusika, baziphatha ngokuthula kakhulu, bethule impela.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ezimweni zasebusika, i-molt yesibili (yokuzalanisa) ngokwengxenye yabantu abadala yenzeka ngoDisemba-Mashi. UDergach ubuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi, ngokungabonakali ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma utshani bungakafiki ku-10 cm noma ngaphezulu.
ICorncrake iyinyoni efudukayo; ithanda ukuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika ngezindawo zokuhlala ebusika. Ekwindla, ibuye indize ngokucophelela, ebusuku noma kusihlwa, iyodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Ukufuduka kuqala maphakathi no-Agasti (ekuqaleni) - ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba (wakamuva). Ngaphambi kwendiza, iba ne-molt ephelele. Amandla okufuduka azalwa nawo, okungukuthi, afana nalawa agcinwa ezizukulwaneni ezalandela, noma ngabe angaphambilini ayegcinwe ekuthunjweni.
Mangaki ama-corncrake ahlala
Isikhathi sokuphila se-corncrake sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-7.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa bayehluka kancane kwabesifazane. Entwasahlobo, amabele okuqala, intamo nomugqa ngaphezu kwamehlo athola umbala ompunga, ekwindla aba nsundu. Kwabobulili obuhlukile, lezi zindawo zingumbala ophuzi ophuzi noma okhanyayo, njengakubantu abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane balula kancane kunabesilisa: owokuqala ufinyelela isilinganiso esingu-120 g, owesibili u-150 g.
Izinhlobo ze-corncrake
Uhlobo lwe-corncrake lubandakanya izinhlobo ezi-2: i-corncrake ne-African corncrake... Lesi sakamuva sihlukaniswa yindawo yaso yokuhlala unomphela - eningizimu yeSahara, kanye nezici zangaphandle: usayizi omncane, izimpaphe ezimnyama ngaphezulu. Lezi zinhlobo zombili ziyi-monotypic eyodwa, okungukuthi, azinakho ukuqhubekela phambili ekwehleni.
Indawo yokuhlala
ICorncrake isatshalaliswa kancane phakathi kwe-Eurasia iye eTransbaikalia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eNyakatho - kuze kube seNyakatho Ekude, eningizimu - emagqumeni eCaucasus. Uchitha ubusika eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, eningizimu yenkabazwe.
Indawo ethandwayo utshani obude obumanzi, kepha hhayi obunexhaphozi futhi obungomile, amadlelo asezikhukhuleni anezihlahla ezincane. Akuvamile ukufika emanzini. Akudingi izindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala, ngakho-ke ingatholakala emasimini alinyelwe izilimo zezolimo: amazambane, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo ezinamakhemikhali, kanye nasezindaweni ezilahliwe nezikhulile zamadada, izingadi zemifino.
Ukudla kwe-crake
Idla izinambuzane (amabhungane, izintethe, izinkumbi), izibungu zazo, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezincane (iminenke, izibungu), ezinkulu: izibankwa, amagundane amancane.
Abanqikazi ukubhubhisa izidleke zezinye izinyoni, ezincane, ngokuqothula amaphuphu abo. Esinye isisekelo sokondleka sakhiwa imbewu yezitshalo eziwele phansi, okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo zezolimo. Kwesinye isikhathi amahlumela amancane asebenza njengokudla kwe-dergachi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngoMeyi-Juni, kulandele abesifazane. Umkhuba uqala ngokushesha. Owesilisa wenza imisindo ekhalelayo ekhalelayo etholakala kuyo, kusihlwa nasebusuku, emahoreni angaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Isebenza ngokwenyama isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ngokwale ngoma, owesifazane uyamthola, lapho "umkhwenyana" eqala ukwenza umdanso wokukhwelana, ekhombisa izindawo ezibomvu emaphikweni, noma aze anikeze isipho esingumkhuba esidliwayo esinjengomnenke noma isibungu esishelelayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-dergachs ayindawo, kepha ahlala "emaqenjini" emindeni engu-2-5 eseduze, yize kungaba nezindawo eziningi ezingasetshenzisiwe... Abesilisa bayamemeza phakathi kwabo, bebonisa amandla okuvikela imingcele yabo nomndeni wabo. Kepha lokhu kwehlukaniswa kunemibandela, ngoba i-corncrake ihlala isithembu - hhayi abesilisa kuphela, kepha nabesifazane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokukhwelana, bafuna omunye umlingani. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-dergach wesilisa abheka abesifazane endaweni yawo, futhi abamele abesifazane nabo bazulazula ngokukhululekile ezindaweni zakwamanye amazwe, ngoba abathathwa njengosongo. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, le mingcele iyasulwa bese kuthi i-corncrake yesilisa izulazule ifuna inyamazane nakwezinye izindawo.
Insikazi ihlela isidleke esimise okwembiza esitsheni ekucindezelekeni phansi ngqo, imvamisa ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma ngokumane utshani obude obufihlekile. Ifakwe ubulembu, buhlangene notshani obomile neziqu, amaqabunga. Kwenza iklatshi lama-6 kuya kwayi-12 anombala oluhlaza okotshani abe nsundu ngokubomvu kansundu, okufukamela cishe amasonto amathathu. Eyeduna ngalesi sikhathi ingahlala eduze, kepha isikhashana, bese iyofuna omunye "umakoti".
Amachwane azalwa emnyama ngokuphelele noma nsundu-mnyama phansi, ngomlomo nangemilenze yomthunzi ofanayo. Ngemuva kosuku, umama nezingane ushiya isidleke, kepha uyaqhubeka nokuzondla izinsuku ezingama-3-5, ngenkathi ebafundisa ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani ukudla ngokuzimela. Ngemuva kokuqonda le sayensi, amaphuphu abe esezondla, ngokuba seduze nomama isikhathi esingangenyanga, okuqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo, kufundise amakhono okusinda. Kakade ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, umhlonyane ungasivele uhlukane futhi uqhubeke nempilo ezimele.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amajita ahlukile kubantu abadala kuphela ngombala wamehlo awo: kwangaphambilini anempunga ngokuluhlaza, kanti kokugcina ansundu noma ansundu ngokubomvu. Inyoni encane ingaba ephikweni ineminyaka engu-1 ngenyanga. Ngaphambi kokundizela ezifundeni ezifudumele, ine-molt engaphelele.
Ngemuva kokukhulisa izinyane elilodwa, ummbila ungaphinda uqandule owesibili. Abesilisa banikela kulokhu, njengoba bengalila kuze kube maphakathi noJulayi, becula "ama-serenade" abo. Ukuya kumntwana wesibili nakho kungasusa ukufa kwenzalo yokuqala noma i-clutch yokuqala ezenzweni zabantu noma ekuhlaselweni kwezitha.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwethiyori, izitha ze-corncrake emvelweni zingaba yisiphi isilwane esidla inyama: impungushe, impisi, i-marten, njll, noma inyoni edla inyama. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima bazo indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo yezinyamazane, ubukhazikhazi bazo lapho zihamba otshanini obuminyene, obenza ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlehla masinyane kumzingeli.
Izinyoni ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu kanye nezindlwana zazo, kanye nenzalo yazo, zingaba sengozini yezilwane ezifuywayo noma ezingenamakhaya ezihamba endaweni zifuna inyamazane: amakati, izinja.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, lolu hlobo alusengozini, ngokungafani nezifunda ezisentshonalanga yeYurophu, lapho uqhekeko lommbila lutholakala ngokungajwayelekile. Inani labo eliphelele kule nsimu lalinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Emazweni amaningi, lo mmeleli wezinyoni ufakiwe kwiRed Book futhi uvinjelwe ekuzingeleni. Ayikho idatha ezinzile ezinombolweni nasekuxinaneni kwabantu be-corncrake endaweni ethile, ngoba inyoni ihlala ifuduka ngenxa yezimo zezulu kanye nezimo zokuphathwa kwabantu. Ngohlobo olusondele, i-corncrake ithatha abantu abayi-5 kuye kwabangu-8 ngesikwele.
Okubalulekile!Usongo olukhulu emphakathini lubangelwa ukusheshe kuvunwe izitshalo ezinobuthi obuluhlaza kanye nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu ngendlela yemishini, engavumeli abantu abadleke ngalesi sikhathi ukuba babalekele engozini. Ngasikhathi sinye, imikhuhlane iyafa cishe ku-100% wamacala, ngoba izinyoni azikwazi ukuqandusela inzalo ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Ukulima amasimu nakho kuyazilimaza izidleke.
Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ayingozi kuma-dredger, kanye nokuphazamiseka kubhalansi ye-ecosystem ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala: ukoma noma ukuminyana kwamanzi emadlelweni, ukusika izihlahla, ukungcola kwenhlabathi. Bakhuthaza amathemba okuthuthuka esimweni ngokuqiniswa kwabantu, ikhono le-corncrake lokuzinza ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifanele, okungenzeka kuphela esimweni sokushintshela kuzindlela zokuphatha ezinobungani nemvelo.
